| 词条 | Kupala Night |
| 释义 |
|holiday_name = Kupala Night |type = ethnic |image = Ivankupala.jpg |imagesize = |caption = Night on the Eve of Ivan Kupala, by Henryk Hector Siemiradzki |official_name = |nickname = Feast of St. John the Baptist; Иван-Купала; Купалле; Іван Купала; Noc Kupały |observedby = Slavic people |litcolor = |longtype = |significance = celebration relates to the summer solstice |begins = |ends = |date = July 6-7 (23-24 June on the "old-style calendar") |week_ordinal = |weekday = |month = |date2012 = |date2013 = |date2014 = |celebrations = |observances = |relatedto = Summer Solstice, Nativity of St. John the Baptist }}Kupala Night, ({{lang-uk|Івана Купала}}; {{lang-be|Купалле}}; {{lang-ru|Иван-Купала}}; {{lang-pl|Noc Kupały}}), is celebrated in Ukraine, Poland, Belarus and Russia during the night from 6 to 7 July (on the Gregorian calendar). (This corresponds to 23-24 June on these countries’ traditional Julian calendar.) Calendar-wise, it is opposite to the winter holiday Koliada. The celebration relates to the summer solstice when nights are the shortest and includes a number of Slavic rituals.[1] HistoryThe name of the holiday was originally Kupala; a pagan fertility rite later adapted into the Orthodox Christian calendar by connecting it with St. John's Day which is celebrated on 24 June.[2] The Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian name of this holiday combines "Ivan" (John, in this case John the Baptist) and Kupala which is derived from the Slavic word for bathing, which is cognate. The two feasts could be connected by reinterpreting John's baptizing people through full immersion in water. However, the tradition of Kupala predates Christianity. The pagan celebration was adapted and reestablished as one of the native Christian traditions intertwined with local folklore.[3] The holiday is still enthusiastically celebrated by the younger people of Eastern Europe. The night preceding the holiday (Tvorila night) is considered the night for "good humour" mischiefs (which sometimes would raise the concern of law enforcement agencies). On Ivan Kupala day itself, children engage in water fights and perform pranks, mostly involving pouring water over people. Folklore and Slavic religious beliefs{{Main|Slavic paganism}}Many of the rites related to this holiday are connected with the role of water in fertility and ritual purification. This is due to the ancient Kupala rites. On Kupala day, young people jump over the flames of bonfires in a ritual test of bravery and faith. The failure of a couple in love to complete the jump, while holding hands, is a sign of their destined separation. Girls may float wreaths of flowers (often lit with candles) on rivers, and attempt to gain foresight into their romantic relationship fortune from the flow patterns of the flowers on the river. Men may attempt to capture the wreaths, in the hope of capturing the interest of the woman who floated it. There is an ancient Kupala belief that the eve of Ivan Kupala is the only time of the year when ferns bloom. Prosperity, luck, discernment, and power befall whom ever finds a fern flower. Therefore, on that night, village folk roam through the forests in search of magical herbs, and especially, the elusive fern flower. Traditionally, unmarried women, signified by the garlands in their hair, are the first to enter the forest. They are followed by young men. Therefore, the quest to find herbs and the fern flower may lead to the blooming of relationships between pairs within the forest. It is to be noted, however, that ferns are not angiosperms (flowering plants), and instead reproduce by spores; they cannot flower. In Gogol's story The Eve of Ivan Kupala a young man finds the fantastical fern-flower, but is cursed by it. Gogol's tale may have been the stimulus for Modest Mussorgsky to compose his tone poem Night on Bald Mountain, adapted by Yuri Ilyenko into a film of the same name. See also
References1. ^website "Guide to Russia" 2. ^{{cite book |last1=Niżegorodcew (et alii) |first1=Anna |title=Developing Intercultural Competence through English: Focus on Ukrainian and Polish Cultures |date=2011 |publisher=Developing Intercultural Competence through English: Focus on Ukrainian and Polish Cultures Anna Niżegorodcew , Yakiv Bystrov , Marcin Kleban Wydawnictwo UJ |location=Warsaw |isbn=9788323384366 |page=91 }} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://russia-ic.com/culture_art/traditions/775|title=/culture_art/traditions|publisher=russia-ic.com/|accessdate=31 October 2014}} External links{{commons category|Ivan Kupala Day}}
14 : Observances in Russia|Russian folklore|June observances|Observances in Poland|Folk calendar of the East Slavs|Belarusian traditions|Russian traditions|Ukrainian traditions|Observances in Ukraine|Slavic holidays|Days celebrating love|Summer events in Ukraine|Summer events in Poland|Traditions involving fire |
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