| 词条 | LGBT rights in Tuvalu | |||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| location_header = Tuvalu | image = LocationTuvalu.png | caption = Tuvalu | legal_status = Male illegal, female legal | penalty = Up to 14 years in prison (not enforced) | gender_identity_expression = Transgender people cannot legally change gender | recognition_of_relationships = No | adoption = No | military = Has no military | discrimination_protections = No }}Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in Tuvalu may face challenges not faced by non-LGBT people. Sections 153, 154 and 155 of the Penal Code outlaw male homosexual intercourse. This also applies to private consensual sex, with a penalty of up to 14 years in prison, but the law is not enforced.[1][2]Tuvalu is home to a significant transgender population, called the pinapinaaine, who historically played certain societal and communal roles.[3] In 2011, Tuvalu signed the "joint statement on ending acts of violence and related human rights violations based on sexual orientation and gender identity" at the United Nations, condemning violence and discrimination against LGBT people.[3] HistoryTuvalu, much like the rest of Polynesia, used to be very tolerant of same-sex relationships and transgender people before the arrival of the Europeans and Christianity. Bisexuality was also quite commonplace among the islands, as many island kings kept both male and female partners in their royal huts for intimate relations.[3] People who are assigned male at birth but live and behave as women are called pinapinaaine in Tuvalu, and historically had certain societal roles, such as basket weaving. They were also known for their talent to elaborate dance ceremonies.[4] Nowadays, the pinapinaaine are still often seen in Tuvalu. Legality of same-sex sexual activityThe Penal Code prohibits male homosexual intercourse. According to the United States Department of State, there were no reports of prosecution of consenting adults under these provisions.[5] The age of consent for heterosexual and lesbian sex is 15. Penal Code
Any person who — (a) commits buggery with another person or with an animal; or (b) permits a male person to commit buggery with him or her, shall be guilty of a felony, and shall be liable to imprisonment for 14 years.
Any person who attempts to commit any of the offences specified in the last preceding section, or who is guilty of any assault with intent to commit the same, or any indecent assault upon any male person shall be guilty of a felony, and shall be liable to imprisonment for 7 years.
Any male person who, whether in public or private, commits any act of gross indecency with another male person, or procures another male person to commit any act of gross indecency with him, or attempts to procure the commission of any such act by any male person with himself or with another male person, whether in public or private, shall be guilty of a felony, and shall be liable to imprisonment for 5 years. StatisticsAccording to a 2005 study, about 14% of young Tuvaluan men between the age of 15 and 24 had had sex with a male partner sometime in their lives.[4] According to 2017 estimates from UNAIDS, there were about 300 men who have sex with men (MSM) in the country, and about 40 pinapinaaine (transgender people).[6] Summary table
See also
References1. ^Tuvalu Penal Code {{Oceania in topic|LGBT rights in}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lgbt Rights In Tuvalu}}{{LGBT-law-stub}}{{Tuvalu-stub}}2. ^GlobalGayz {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711101202/http://www.globalgayz.com/country/Tuvalu/TVTuvalu |date=11 July 2011 }} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://geneva.usmission.gov/2011/03/22/lgbtrights/ |title=Over 80 Nations Support Statement at Human Rights Council on LGBT Rights » US Mission Geneva |publisher=Geneva.usmission.gov |date= }} 4. ^1 {{cite web| last = | first = |title= Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu| publisher= Ministry of Health Tuvalu|chapter=|date = 2016|url= http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf| accessdate=29 November 2017}} 5. ^[https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/220451.pdf TUVALU 2013 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT] 6. ^1 2 Country factsheets: Tuvalu 2017 5 : LGBT in Tuvalu|LGBT rights in Oceania|Politics of Tuvalu|Tuvaluan law|LGBT rights by country |
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