| 词条 | Kėdainiai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Kėdainiai |nickname = |settlement_type = City |pushpin_map =Lithuania |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = Location of Kėdainiai |image_shield = Coat of arms of Kedainiai (Lithuania).svg |image_skyline = Didžioji street in Kėdainiai001.jpg |image_caption = Kėdainiai old town |coordinates = {{coord|55|17|N|23|58|E|region:LT_type:city(31000)|display=inline,title}} |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{LTU}} |subdivision_type1 = Ethnographic region |subdivision_name1 = Aukštaitija |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Kaunas County |subdivision_type3 = Municipality |subdivision_name3 = Kėdainiai district municipality |subdivision_type4 = Eldership |subdivision_name4 = Kėdainiai town eldership |subdivision_type6 = Capital of |subdivision_name6 = Kėdainiai district municipality Kėdainiai town eldership |established_date = 1372 |established_title = First mentioned |established_date2 = 1590 |established_title2= Granted city rights | parts_type = Neighbourhoods | parts_style = coll | parts = | p1 = Babėnai | p2 = Jonušava | p3 = Justinava | p4 = Old Town | government_type = Municipal Council | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Valentinas Tamulis[1] | area_total_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | elevation_m = |population_total = 24,093[2] |population_as_of = 2017 |timezone=EET |utc_offset=+2 |timezone_DST=EEST |utc_offset_DST=+3 |website= http://www.kedainiai.lt/ }}Kėdainiai ({{IPA-lt|kʲeːˈdâːɪnʲɛ|lang|Kedainiai.ogg}}), also known by several other names) is one of the oldest cities in Lithuania. It is located {{Convert|51|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of Kaunas on the banks of the Nevėžis River. First mentioned in the 1372 Livonian Chronicle of Hermann de Wartberge, its population {{As of|2017|lc=y}} was 24,093. Its old town dates to the 17th century.[3] The city is the administrative centre of the Kėdainiai District Municipality. The geographical centre of the Lithuanian Republic is in the nearby village of Ruoščiai, located in the eldership of Dotnuva. NamesThe city has been known by other names: Kiejdany in Polish, Keidan (קיידאן) in Yiddish,[3] and Kedahnen in German. Kėdainiai other alternate forms include Kidan, Kaidan, Keidany, Keydan, Kiedamjzeÿ [4] ("j" /e/), Kuidany, and Kidainiai.[5] HistoryThe area was the site of several battles during "The Deluge", the 17th century war between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden. In 1655 a short-lived treaty with Sweden, the Union of Kėdainiai, was signed by two members of Radziwiłł family in their Kėdainiai castle. While little remains of the Radziwiłł castle, the crypt of the Calvinist church (1631) houses the family mausoleum, including the tombs of Krzysztof Radziwiłł and his son Janusz. Scottish Protestants arrived in the late 16th and 17th centuries, encouraged by the conversion of Anna Radziwill; the community exerted considerable influence in the city and persisted until the mid-19th century.[6]A local custom called on all visitors to bring a stone to be used in the town's construction.[7] World War IIDuring Operation Barbarossa, Kėdainiai was occupied by the German Army in the summer of 1941. On August 28, 1941, the entire Jewish community of Kėdainiai, a community which had been there for 500 years, were killed under the direction of German Special Police Battalions, with the aid of the local Lithuanian population. The Jewish population prior to the Holocaust was 3000.[8] Soviet periodDuring the Cold War it was home to Kėdainiai air base, a major Soviet military airlift facility. For many years, Kėdainiai was known for its chemical and food processing industries. The Kėdainiai chemical plant, Lifosa began operations in January 1963. Publicized as a milestone in the industrialization of Lithuania, it emitted significant quantities of sulfuric acid and was the subject of ecological protests in the 1980s.[9][10] Independent LithuaniaFollowing years of stagnation, old enterprises have come back to life, and new ones have been established, contributing to its status as an economic stronghold.[11] TransportationKėdainiai is accessed by Via Baltica highway from Kaunas and Panevėžys, and by rail from Vilnius, Klaipėda and Šiauliai. It is also served by Kaunas International Airport, the second largest airport in Lithuania, located in Karmėlava site. Cultural activitiesThe Kėdainiai Regional Museum, established in 1922, now operates four branches: a Multicultural Centre, the Mausoleum of the Dukes Radziwill, the House of Juozas Paukštelis, and the Museum of Wooden Sculptures of V.Ulevičius.[12] Since the city is known as the cucumber capital of Lithuania, it sponsors an annual cucumber festival.[11] In 2013, The band Bastille shot a music video for their single "Things We Lost in the Fire" in the location. It was filmed by Naor Aloni. A small Polish minority of 329 (0,61%)[13] people live in Kėdainiai district municipality, but only 30 people participate in Stowarzyszenie Polaków Kiejdan (The Kėdainiai Polish Association), the elder people; their cultural activities involve public celebrations of Polish Day of Independence and Day of the Constitution of Third of May, as well as organizing a festival of Polish culture. Since 1994 a School of Polish Language exists.[14][15] Education
SportBasketball club BC Nevėžis, which parcicipate in Lithuanian basketball league. Football club FK Nevėžis plays in second tier league I Lyga. Mayors of Kėdainiai
Famous citizens
International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Lithuania}}Twin towns — Sister citiesKėdainiai is twinned with:
Image gallerySee also
References
1. ^{{cite news|publisher=15min.lt|title=Būsimieji merai švenčia, apie darbus galvos rytoj|url=https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/lietuva/kandidatai-jau-jaucia-pergales-skoni-56-1117170|accessdate=24 March 2019| date = 18 March 2019|language=Lithuanian |trans-title=}} {{Commons category|Kėdainiai}}{{Kaunas County}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kedainiai}}2. ^{{cite news|publisher=Lithuania's Department of Statistics|title=Lietuvos apskritys. Gyventojai|url=https://osp.stat.gov.lt/documents/10180/3329771/Gyventojai.pdf|accessdate=5 August 2018| date = 2017|language=Lithuanian |trans-title=Districts of Lithuania. Population}} 3. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p3xqMEseAQwC&pg=PA48&lpg=PA48&dq=kedainiai+keidan|title=The Litvaks|author=Dov Levin|publisher=Berg Publishers|year=2000|page=48 | isbn=978-1-57181-264-3}} 4. ^{{cite map|author=Joan Blaeu|year=1662|title=LIVONIA vulgo Lyefland|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LIVONIA_vulgo_Lyefland-Joan_Blaeu,_1662.jpg}} 5. ^Library of Congress Authority control Name Headings. HEADING: Kėdainiai (Lithuania). Accessed 2009-09-14. 6. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8hg_LcAusLQC&pg=PA111&dq=Kedainiai+-wikipedia|title=Network North: Scottish kin, commercial and covert association in Northern Europe, 1603-1746|author=Steve Murdoch|year=2006|publisher=BRILL | isbn=978-90-04-14664-8}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://postilla.mch.mii.lt/Tevuzeme/kedainiai.en.htm|title=Kėdainiai|publisher=Samogitian Cultural Association Editorial Board|accessdate=2009-07-03}} 8. ^{{cite book|last=Gilbert|first=Martin|title=The Second World War: A Complete History|year=2004|publisher=Macmillan Publishers|isbn=978-0-8050-7623-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jwWLz7iIUvEC&pg=RA2-PA214&dq=Kedainiai+history|page=214}} 9. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aZM3elztZ5UC&pg=PA237&dq=Kedainiai+chemical+plant|title=Synthetic planet: chemical politics and the hazards of modern life|author=Monica J. Casper|year=2003|publisher=Routledge | isbn=978-0-415-93355-1}} 10. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xykPQpitTnUC&pg=RA1-PA187&lpg=RA1-PA187&dq=Kedainiai+chemical+plant|title=Ecological Modernisation Around the World: Perspectives and Critical Debates|author=A. P. J. Mol, David Allan Sonnenfeld|year=2000|publisher=Routledge | isbn=978-0-7146-5064-7}} 11. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://regionai.stat.gov.lt/en/kauno_apskritis/kedainiu_rajono_savivaldybe.html|title=Kėdainiai district municipality|publisher=Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania|accessdate=2009-06-11}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kedainiumuziejus.lt/Pub/default.aspx?Page=HistEN|publisher=Kėdainiai Regional Museum|title=Museum History|accessdate=2009-06-11}} 13. ^Number of inhabitants of Kėdainiai district municipality by ethnicity, {{cite web |url=http://web.stat.gov.lt/uploads/docs/Population_by_ethnicity_municipality.xls |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-01-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002135215/http://web.stat.gov.lt/uploads/docs/Population_by_ethnicity_municipality.xls |archivedate=2013-10-02 |df= }} Lithuanian census of 2011 14. ^Świat Polonii, Dni Kultury Polskiej na Laudzie 18-20 czerwca 2004 r. 15. ^http://www.knypava.lt Kėdainiuose giliai šaknis įleidę ir lenkai 5 : Kėdainiai|Cities in Kaunas County|Cities in Lithuania|Municipalities administrative centres of Lithuania|Holocaust locations in Lithuania |
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