| 释义 |
- Greek roofing
- Roman roofing
- See also
- References
- Sources
- Further reading
- External links
The list of ancient roofs comprises roof constructions from Greek and Roman architecture ordered by clear span. Most buildings in classical Greece were covered by traditional prop-and-lintel constructions, which often needed to include interior colonnades. In Sicily truss roofs presumably appeared as early as 550 BC.[1] Their potential was fully realized in the Roman period which saw over 30 m wide trussed roofs spanning the rectangular spaces of monumental public buildings such as temples, basilicas, and later churches. Such spans were thrice as large as the widest prop-and-lintel roofs and only superseded by the largest Roman domes.[1] Greek roofing This list is sorted by the largest clear span (in m). | Image | Monument | Location | Region | Date | Type of roof | Width between cella walls | Clear span between colonnades | Largest clear span |
|---|
Temple of Olympian Zeus
(or Olympeion) | Agrigento | Sicily | Truss [2] | 1285|12.85}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 1285|12.85}} [3] | | Temple of Heracles | Agrigento | Sicily | -475|5th century BC, early}} | Truss [2] | 1184|11.84}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 1184|11.84}} [3] | | Temple E | Selinunte | Sicily | -480|480/70 BC}} | Truss [2] | 1170|11.70}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 1170|11.70}} [3] | | Parthenon | Athens | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 1920|19.20}} | 1105|11.05}} | 1105|11.05}} [3] | | S. Biagio | Agrigento | Sicily | Truss [2] | 1035|10.35}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 1035|10.35}} [3] | | Athene | Syracuse | Sicily | Truss [2] | 0982|{{0|1}}9.82}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0982|{{0|1}}9.82}} [3] | | Erechtheion | Athens | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 0980|{{0|1}}9.80}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0980|{{0|1}}9.80}} [3] | | Treasury of Gela | Olympia | Greece | Truss [4] | 0968|{{0|1}}9.68}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0968|{{0|1}}9.68}} [3] | | Temple of Athena Alea | Tegea | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 0894|{{0|1}}8.94}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0894|{{0|1}}8.94}} [3] | | Temple of Zeus | Olympia | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 1326|13.26}} | 0852|{{0|1}}8.52}} | 0852|{{0|1}}8.52}} [3] | | Temple C | Selinunte | Sicily | -550|550 BC}} | Truss [2] | 0850|{{0|1}}8.50}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0850|{{0|1}}8.50}} [3] | | Megaron | Gaggera | Sicily | Truss [2] | 0847|{{0|1}}8.47}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0847|{{0|1}}8.47}} [3] | | Athenians | Delos | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 0834|{{0|1}}8.34}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0834|{{0|1}}8.34}} [3] | | Temple D | Selinunte | Sicily | -540|540 BC}} | Truss [2] | 0820|{{0|1}}8.20}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0820|{{0|1}}8.20}} [3] | | Temple of Hera | Agrigento | Sicily | Truss [2] | 0768|{{0|1}}7.68}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0768|{{0|1}}7.68}} [3] | | Temple of Concordia | Agrigento | Sicily | Prop-and-lintel [5] | 0755|{{0|1}}7.55}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0755|{{0|1}}7.55}} [3] | | Temple A | Selinunte | Sicily | Truss [2] | 0750|{{0|1}}7.50}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0750|{{0|1}}7.50}} [3] | | 4th century, Apollo | Delphi | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 1072|10.72}} | 0732|{{0|1}}7.32}} | 0732|{{0|1}}7.32}} [3] | | Temple G | Selinunte | Sicily | Truss [2] | 1793|17.93}} | 0715|{{0|1}}7.15}} | 0715|{{0|1}}7.15}} [3] | | Temple F | Selinunte | Sicily | -530|530 BC}} | Truss [2] | 0712|{{0|1}}7.12}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0712|{{0|1}}7.12}} [3] | | Poseidon | Isthmia | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 1170|11.7}} | 0700|~7.0}} | 0700|~7.0}} [3] | | Temple of Poseidon | Sounion | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 0653|{{0|1}}6.53}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0653|{{0|1}}6.53}} [3] | | Heraion | At the mouth of the Sele River near Paestum | Italy, Lower | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 0614|{{0|1}}6.14}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0614|{{0|1}}6.14}} [3] | | Artemis | Kalydon | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 0614|{{0|1}}6.14}} | 0000|{{0|1}}?}} | 0614|{{0|1}}6.14}} [3] | | Kardaki | Corcyra | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 0600|~6.0}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0600|~6.0}} [3] | | Temple of Hera/Neptune | Paestum | Italy, Lower | -480|480/70 BC}} | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 1085|10.85}} | 0590|{{0|1}}5.9}} | 0590|{{0|1}}5.9}} [3] | | Temple of Athena/Ceres | Paestum | Italy, Lower | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 0570|{{0|1}}5.70}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0570|{{0|1}}5.70}} [3] | | Apollo | Delos | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 0570|{{0|1}}5.70}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0570|{{0|1}}5.70}} [3] | | Basilica | Paestum | Italy, Lower | -550|550–10 BC}} | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 1144|11.44}} | 0560|{{0|1}}5.6}} | 0560|{{0|1}}5.6}} [3] | | Tavole Palatine | Metapontum | Italy, Lower | 0560|{{0|1}}5.60}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0560|{{0|1}}5.60}} [3] | | Bouleuterion (S) | Olympia | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 1107|11.07}} | 0553|{{0|1}}5.53}} | 0553|{{0|1}}5.53}} [3] | | Bouleuterion (N) | Olympia | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 1080|10.80}} | 0540|{{0|1}}5.40}} | 0540|{{0|1}}5.40}} [3] | | Temple of Apollo | Bassae | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 0681|{{0|1}}6.81}} | 0523|{{0|1}}5.23}} | 0523|{{0|1}}5.23}} [3] | | Rhamnous | Attica | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 0517|{{0|1}}5.17}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0517|{{0|1}}5.17}} [3] | | Metroon | Olympia | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 0508|{{0|1}}5.08}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0508|{{0|1}}5.08}} [3] | | Temple of Hera | Olympia | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 0837|{{0|1}}8.37}} | 0484|{{0|1}}4.84}} | 0484|{{0|1}}4.84}} [3] | Temple of Hephaestus
(or Theseion) | Athens | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 0624|{{0|1}}6.24}} | 0474|{{0|1}}4.74}} | 0474|{{0|1}}4.74}} [3] | | Artemis | Corcyra | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 0737|{{0|1}}7.37}} | 0410|{{0|1}}4.1}} | 0410|{{0|1}}4.1}} [3] | | Asclepios | Epidauros | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 0395|{{0|1}}3.95}} | 0000|{{0|1}}–}} | 0395|{{0|1}}3.95}} [3] | | Temple of Aphaia | Aegina | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 0628|{{0|1}}6.28}} | 0385|{{0|1}}3.85}} | 0385|{{0|1}}3.85}} [3] | | Apollo | Syracuse | Sicily | Truss [2] | 0970|{{0|1}}9.70}} | 0360|{{0|1}}3.6}} | 0360|{{0|1}}3.6}} [3] | | Apollo | Corinth | Greece | Prop-and-lintel [2] | 0847|{{0|1}}8.47}} | 0345|{{0|1}}3.45}} | 0345|{{0|1}}3.45}} [3] | |
Roman roofing This list is sorted by clear span (in m). | Image | Monument | Location | Region | Date | Type of roof | Clear span |
|---|
| Throne room of the Flavian Palace | Rome | Italy, Central | 0092|{{0|1}}92 AD}} | Truss [86] | 3167|31.67}} [6] | | Odeum | Aosta | Italy, Upper | 0002|Augustan}} | Truss [6] | 3049|30.49}} [6] | | Diribitorium | Rome | Italy, Central | 0004|{{0|11}}7 BC}} | Truss [6] | 2960|29.60?}} [6] | | Coenatio Iovis | Rome | Italy, Central | 0092|{{0|1}}92 AD}} | Truss [6] | 2930|29.30}} [6] | | Constantine's Basilica | Trier | Germany | 0300|300 AD}} | Truss [6] | 2605|26.05}} [6] | Theatrum Tectum
(Odeum) | Pompeii | Italy, Lower | 0001|{{0|1}}80 BC}} | Truss [6] | 2575|25.75}} [6] | | Odeon of Agrippa | Athens | Greece | 0003|{{0|1}}15 BC}} | Truss [6] | 2575|25.75}} [6] | | Temple of Venus and Roma | Rome | Italy, Central | 0135|135 AD}} | Truss [6] | 2575|25.75}} [6] | | Basilica Ulpia | Rome | Italy, Central | 0113|113 AD}} | Truss [6] | 2516|25.16}} [6] | | Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls | Rome | Italy, Central | 0385|385 AD}} | Truss [6] | 2427|24.27}} [6] | | Old St. Peter's Basilica | Rome | Italy, Central | 0330|330 AD}} | Truss [6] | 2368|23.68}} [6] | |
See also - Record-holding roofs in antiquity
- Greek architecture
- Roman architecture
- List of Ancient Greek temples
References 1. ^{{harvnb|Ulrich|2007|pp=148f.}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Conjectured by {{harvnb|Hodge|1960|pp=38–44}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 {{harvnb|Hodge|1960|p=39 (table)}}
4. ^1 {{harvnb|Hodge|1960|p=41}}
5. ^{{harvnb|Hodge|1960|p=43}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 {{harvnb|Ulrich|2007|p=149}}
Sources
| last = Hodge
| first = A. Trevor
| title = The Woodwork of Greek Roofs
| publisher = Cambridge University Press
| year = 1960
| pages = 38–44
}}
| last = Ulrich
| first = Roger B.
| title = Roman Woodworking
| publisher = Yale University Press
| year = 2007
| isbn = 0-300-10341-7
}} Further reading
| doi = 10.2307/148449
| last = Klein
| first = Nancy L.
| year = 1998
| title = Evidence for West Greek Influence on Mainland Greek Roof Construction and the Creation of the Truss in the Archaic Period
| periodical = Hesperia
| volume = 67
| issue = 4
| pages = 335–374
| jstor = 148449
}}External links- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080528061612/http://traianus.rediris.es/ Traianus] – Technical investigation of Roman public works
{{Ancient Roman architecture lists}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ancient Greek and Roman roofs}} 13 : Ancient Greek architecture|Ancient Greek buildings and structures|Ancient Roman architectural elements|Ancient Roman architecture|Ancient Roman temples|Ancient basilicas in Rome|Basilicas|Greek temples|History of construction|Lists of ancient Roman buildings and structures|Lists of buildings and structures|Timber framing|Lists of ancient Greek buildings and structures |