| 词条 | List of astronauts educated at the United States Military Academy |
| 释义 |
The United States Military Academy (USMA) is an undergraduate college in West Point, New York that educates and commissions officers for the United States Army. Eighteen graduates of the Military Academy were eventually selected for astronaut training by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The first alumnus to graduate and go on to become an astronaut was Frank Borman, class of 1950. As of March 2009, the most recent alumnus to become an astronaut was Robert S. Kimbrough, class of 1989. Five alumni were part of Project Gemini, six part of the Apollo program, two have walked on the Moon, and twelve were part of the Space Shuttle program. AstronautsNote: "Class year" refers to the alumni's class year, which usually is the same year they graduated. However, in times of war, classes often graduate early.{{mem/a2start |ilist= |alist={{mem/a2 |first=Frank |last=Borman |year=1950 |nota=Commanded Gemini 7 and Apollo 8; first to orbit Moon and to see far side of the Moon |ref=[1][2]}}{{mem/a2 |first=Buzz |last=Aldrin |year=1951 |nota=Pilot of Gemini 12 and Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 11; 2nd person to walk on the Moon |ref=[3][4]}}{{mem/a2 |first=Michael |last=Collins |link=Michael Collins (astronaut) |year=1952 |nota=Pilot of Gemini 10 and Command Module Pilot on Apollo 11 |ref=[5][6]}}{{mem/a2 |first=Ed |last=White |link=Ed White (astronaut) |year=1952 |nota=Pilot of Gemini 4, died in the Apollo 1 fire; first American to perform a spacewalk; buried at West Point |ref=[4][7]}}{{mem/a2 |first=David |last=Scott |year=1954 |nota=Pilot of Gemini 8, Command Module Pilot of Apollo 9, and Commander of Apollo 15; walked on the Moon |ref=[4][8]}}{{mem/a2 |first=Donald H. |last=Peterson |year=1955 |nota=Mission Specialist on STS-6 |ref=[9][10]}}{{mem/a2 |first=Alfred |last=Worden |year=1955 |nota=Command Module Pilot of Apollo 15 |ref=[10][11]}}{{mem/a2 |first=Richard M. |last=Mullane |year=1967 |nota=Mission Specialist on STS-41-D, STS-27, and STS-36 |ref=[4][12]}}{{mem/a2 |first=Sherwood C. |last=Spring |year=1967 |nota=Mission Specialist on STS-61-B |ref=[4][13]}}{{mem/a2 |first=James C. |last=Adamson |year=1969 |nota=Mission Specialist on STS-28 and STS-43 |ref=[4][14]}}{{mem/a2 |first=William S. |last=McArthur |year=1973 |nota=Mission Specialist on STS-58, STS-74, and STS-92; commanded International Space Station Expedition 12 |ref=[4][15]}}{{mem/a2 |first=Michael R. |last=Clifford |year=1974 |nota=Mission Specialist on STS-53, STS-59, and STS-76 |ref=[4][16]}}{{mem/a2 |first=Charles D. |last=Gemar |year=1979 |nota=Mission Specialist on STS-38, STS-48, and STS-62 |ref=[10][17]}}{{mem/a2 |first=Patrick G. |last=Forrester |year=1979 |nota=Mission Specialist on STS-105, STS-117, and STS-128 |ref=[4][18]}}{{mem/a2 |first=Jeffrey |last=Williams |link=Jeffrey Williams (astronaut) |year=1980 |nota=Mission Specialist on STS-101; Flight Engineer of ISS Expeditions 13 and 21, Commander of Expedition 22 |ref=[4][19]}}{{mem/a2 |first=Douglas H. |last=Wheelock |year=1983 |nota=Mission Specialist on STS-120; Flight Engineer of ISS Expedition 24 and Commander of Expedition 25 |ref=[20][21]}}{{mem/a2 |first=Timothy L. |last=Kopra |year=1985 |nota=Flight Engineer of International Space Station Expeditions 19 and 20 |ref=[4][22]}}{{mem/a2 |first=Robert S. |last=Kimbrough |year=1989 |nota=Mission Specialist on STS-126 |ref=[23][24]}}{{mem/a2 |first=Anne |last=McClain |year=2002 |nota=Soyuz MS-11 (Expedition 58/59) |ref=[25] }} }} References
1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/borman-f.html|title=Frank Borman|publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)|date=December 1993|accessdate= 2009-02-15}} 2. ^{{cite book|title=Countdown: An Autobiography|first1=Frank|last1=Borman|first2=Robert J.|last2=Serling|isbn=0-688-07929-6|publisher=Silver Arrow|page=13|date=October 1988}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/aldrin-b.html|title=Buzz Aldrin, Ph.D. (Colonel, USAF, Ret.)|publisher=NASA|date=January 1996|accessdate= 2009-02-15}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite web| url =http://www.scouting.org/Media/FactSheets/02-558.aspx| title =Astronauts and the BSA| publisher =Boy Scouts of America| accessdate =2006-03-20| deadurl =yes| archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20090414205119/http://www.scouting.org/Media/FactSheets/02-558.aspx| archivedate =2009-04-14| df =}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/collins-m.html|title=Michael Collins (Brigadier General, USAF, Ret.)|publisher=NASA|date=December 1994|accessdate= 2009-02-15}} 6. ^{{cite book|last = Collins|first = Michael|author2=Charles Lindbergh |year = 2001|title = Carrying the Fire: An Astronaut's Journeys|publisher = Cooper Square Press|pages=8–14|isbn = 0-8154-1028-X}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/white-eh.html|title=Edward H. White, II (Lieutenant Colonel)|publisher=NASA|date=December 1997|accessdate= 2009-02-15}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/scott-dr.html|title=David R. Scott (Colonel, USAF, Ret.)|publisher=NASA|date=December 1975|accessdate= 2009-02-15}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/peterson-dh.html|title=Donald H. Peterson (Colonel, USAF, Ret.)|publisher=NASA|date=May 1994|accessdate= 2009-02-15}} 10. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.west-point.org/users/usma1989/46256/GRADS.HTM |title=Graduates and Former Cadets |publisher=USMA |accessdate=2009-03-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515083434/http://www.west-point.org/users/usma1989/46256/GRADS.HTM |archivedate=2009-05-15 |df= }} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/worden-am.html|title=Alfred Merrill Worden|publisher=NASA|date=December 1993|accessdate= 2009-02-15}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/mullane-rm.html|title=Richard M. Mullane (Colonel, USAF, Ret.)|publisher=NASA|date=January 1996|accessdate= 2009-02-15}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/spring-sc.html|title=Sherwood C. (Woody) Spring (Colonel, USA, Ret.)|publisher=NASA|date=December 1994|accessdate= 2009-02-15}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/adamson-jc.html|title=James C. Adamson (Colonel, U.S. Army, Ret.)|publisher=NASA|date=October 2002|accessdate= 2009-02-15}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/mcarthur.html|title=William Surles "Bill" McArthur, Jr., (Colonel, USA, Ret.)|publisher=NASA|date=March 2007|accessdate= 2009-02-15}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/clifford.html|title=Michael Richard "Rich" Clifford (Lieutenant Colonel, USA)|publisher=NASA|date=January 1997|accessdate= 2009-02-15}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/gemar.html|title=Charles D. (nickname Sam) Gemar (Lieutenant Colonel, USA)|publisher=NASA|date=March 1997|accessdate= 2009-02-15}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/forreste.html|title=Patrick G. Forrester (Colonel, USA, Ret.)|publisher=NASA|date=July 2008|accessdate= 2009-02-15}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/williamsj.html|title=Jeffrey N. Williams (Colonel, USA, Ret.)|publisher=NASA|date=January 2009|accessdate= 2009-02-15}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/wheelock.html|title=Douglas H. Wheelock (Colonel, USA)|publisher=NASA|date=February 2009|accessdate= 2009-02-15}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/20/sports/baseball/20murcer.html|title=Murcer's Jersey Made a Journey to Outer Space|last=Schwartz|first=John|date= 2008-07-20|work=The New York Times|accessdate= 2009-03-22}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/kopra-tl.html|title=Timothy L. Kopra (Colonel, USA)|publisher=NASA|date=March 2008|accessdate= 2009-02-15}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/kimbrough-rs.html|title=Robert S. Kimbrough (Lieutenant Colonel, USA)|publisher=NASA|date=December 2008|accessdate= 2009-02-15}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gatech.edu/newsroom/release.html?id=256|title=Tech Alumnus Selected for NASA’s Astronaut Class of 2004|date=2004-05-07|publisher=Georgia Institute of Technology|accessdate=2009-03-22|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520031305/http://www.gatech.edu/newsroom/release.html?id=256|archivedate=2011-05-20|df=}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/anne-c-mcclain/biography|title=Anne C. McClain (Col, U.S. Army) NASA Astronaut|last=Whiting|first=Melanie|date= October 3, 2018|website=nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|access-date=December 5, 2018}} External links
5 : American astronauts|Lists of people by organization|United States Army lists|United States Army officers|United States Military Academy alumni |
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