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词条 List of current constituent monarchs
释义

  1. African monarchs

  2. Asian monarchs

  3. North American monarchs

  4. Oceanian monarchs

      Cook Islands    Others  

  5. Notes

     North America  Oceania 

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. Further reading

{{For|current sovereign monarchs|List of current sovereign monarchs}}

This is a list of currently reigning constituent monarchs, including traditional rulers and governing constitutional monarchs. Each monarch listed below reigns over a legally recognised dominion, but in most cases possess little or no sovereign governing power. Their titles, however, are recognised by the state. Entries are listed beside their respective dominions, and are grouped by country.

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African monarchs

{{Main|List of current constituent African monarchs}}

Asian monarchs

{{Main|List of current constituent Asian monarchs}}

North American monarchs

StatePolityMonarchSinceHouseSuccessionRefs
{{Flag icon|Panama}} PanamaNasoDisputed {{#tag:ref>The most recent (since 31 May 1998) king, Tito, was deposed by a vote of no confidence in the Leadership Council, and was replaced (on 30 May 2004) by Valentín. The former, who is no longer in office, has disputed the legality of the deposition, and still claims the title. The new king has not yet been recognised by the government of Panama.|group=na|name=Nasodis}} 30 May 2004 Santana Succession is determined by the vote of the general adult population. An election for a new monarch may take place upon any occasion in which an eligible member of the royal family wishes to be considered. Until recently, the traditional law of succession followed a pattern similar to the rota system.|group=na|name=Nasosuc}}[1]

Oceanian monarchs

StatePolityMonarchSinceHouseSuccessionRefs
{{Flag icon|Marshall Islands}} Marshall Islands {{#tag:ref|The government of the Marshall Islands recognises 12 chiefly domains, called mojen, each headed by one or several paramount chiefs. Each domain is represented in the Council of Iroij, a legislative body of traditional chiefs guaranteed by the Constitution.|group=oc|name=Marshalls}}Ailinglaplap Iroijlaplap Anjua Loeak 20 May 1976 Loeak Elective and Hereditary [2]
Kwajalein Iroijlaplap Imata Kabua 20 December 1996 Kabua Elective and Hereditary [3]
MajuroJurelang is also (since 2 November 2009) the current head of state of the Marshall Islands.|group=oc|name=Jurelang}} 19 November 2010 Zedkaia Elective and Hereditary [4]
North Ratak {{#tag:ref|This domain covers the islands of Ailuk, Aur, Maloelap, Taongi, Utirik and Wotje in the Ratak Chain. Its ruling clan has also laid claim to nearby Wake Island, under the name Eneen-Kio.|group=oc|name=Rataks}} Iroijlaplap Remios Hermios 10 December 1998 Hermios Elective and Hereditary [3]
{{Flag icon|FSM}} FSMMadolenihmwThis chief is normally referred to as the Isipahu.|group=oc|name=Isipahu}} November 2008 The ruling line belongs specifically to the Inenkatau (or Upwutenmai) sept of the Dipwinpahnmei clan.|group=oc|name=Inenka}} Elective and Hereditary [5][6]
Sokehs Nahnmwarki Herculano Kohler 1997 Sounkawad Elective and Hereditary [7]
UhThis chief is normally referred to as the Sangiro.|group=oc|name=Sangiro}} 30 September 1991 The ruling line belongs specifically to the Sounpasedo sept of the Lasialap clan.|group=oc|name=Sounpas}} Elective and Hereditary [8]
{{Flag icon|France}} New CaledoniaKunié High Chief Hilarion Vendégou Hilarion was recognised as grand chef in 1974, but, due to a violent succession dispute with his relative Jean-Marie Vendégou, was not formally enthroned until 7 July 1979. He is also the mayor of the island commune until 2014.|group=oc|name=Hilarion}} Vao {{#tag:refname=Kanak} Hereditary [9]
Maré High Chief Dokucas Naisseline 6 June 2007 The Naisseline family is a branch of the Netché, a tribe of Kanaks.|group=oc|name=Netche}}The throne of the grand chef on Maré Island is traditionally held by the chief of Guahma district, an hereditary position.|group=oc|name=Guahma}}[10]
Lifou High Chief Evanes Boula 13 June 1999 A Kanak dynasty.|group=oc|name=Kanak}}The throne of the grand chef on Lifou Island, which also rules Ouvéa, is traditionally held by the chief of Lössi district, an hereditary position.|group=oc|name=Lossi}}[11]
{{flagicon image|Flag of New Zealand.svg}} New ZealandKīngitanga {{#tag:ref|Commonly referred to as the "Māori King Movement". Its elected ariki nui is often called the "Māori King" due to his nationalistic influence over all Māori tribes as a symbol of unity. This title is not officially recognised by the government of New Zealand.|group=oc|name=Mking}} Arikinui Tuheitia 21 August 2006 Te Wherowhero is the lineage of the first king. It belongs to the Waikato iwi, which is part of the Tainui confederation.|group=oc|name=Whero}}The monarch is appointed for life by the chiefs of the tribes involved in the Kīngitanga movement. Traditionally, selection is limited to direct descendants of the first king: Pōtatau I, of the Waikato tribe. However, in principle inheritance is open to any lineage should the electing chiefs be in agreement.|group=oc|name=Kingit}}[12]
Tūwharetoa Arikinui Te Heuheu Tūkino VIII 5 August 1997 Te Heuheu Hereditary [13]
{{Flag icon|Palau}} Palau {{#tag:ref|Palau is divided into 16 traditional polities. The 16-seat Council of Chiefs, made up of the traditional chiefs from each constituent state, is an advisory body to the President. The chiefs of Koror and Melekeok, the highest chiefs from Eoueldaob and Babeldaob respectively, are recognised as the two paramount chiefs of the nation.|group=oc|name=Palaudes}}Koror Ibedul Yutaka Gibbons September 1972 This is not the name of the ruling house or clan: it is the ritual name used by the successive chiefs from this lineage.|group=oc|name=Palaudyn}}Chiefs are selected by the most senior women of the ruling clan.|group=oc|name=Palausuc}}[14][15][16]
Melekeok Reklai Bao Ngirmang 1998 Ngetelngal {{#tag:refname=Palaudyn} Hereditary and Elective {{#tag:refname=Palausuc}
{{Flag icon|Samoa}} Samoa {{#tag:ref|There are four paramount chiefs in Samoa, each presiding over a royal lineage (Tama a ‘Āiga) of past kings. Chiefs are afforded considerable power. The national parliament, the Fono, is composed exclusively of chiefly titleholders (matai). The office of head of state (the O le Ao o le Malo) is traditionally reserved for the paramount chiefs, although this is not required by the Constitution.|group=oc|name=Samoa}}Tufuga Efi has held the chiefly title of Tui Atua Fa'asavali since 1 July 1983.|group=oc|name=Tupua}} 1 July 1983 Sa Tupua Elective and Hereditary [17]
Va'aletoa Sualauvi has been the head of state since 21 July 2017.|group=oc|name=Va'aletoa}} 1977 Taua'ana Elective and Hereditary [18]
Vacant {{#tag:ref>The throne of the Mata'afa has been vacant since 1997; little other information is available.|group=oc|name=Mataafa}} December 1997 Sa Mata'afa Elective and Hereditary [19]
Vacant {{#tag:ref>The throne of the Mālietoa has been vacant since 2007. The current claimant, Papali'i Fa'amausili Moli, succeeded to the throne as "Moli II" in a bestowal ceremony on 29 June 2007, but an interim order in the High Court dated 27 September 2007 prevents his use of the title. The interim order was demanded by senior representatives from the Talavou and Natuitasina branches of the clan, who were allegedly not consulted about nomination of the new titleholder. The holder of this title also wears the chiefly title of Susuga.|group=oc|name=Malietoa}} 11 May 2007 Sa Mālietoa The lineage associated with this title consists of three branches: Sa Moli, Sa Talavou and Sa Natuitasina (also spelled Gatuitasina). As the succession law dictates, heirs of all three branches are equally entitled to hold the title, and accession of an heir to the title is subject to nomination and consensus from all three branches. The most recent titleholders have been from the Moli sept.|group=oc|name=Samal}}[20]
{{Flag icon|Tuvalu}} Tuvalu {{#tag:ref|Each island or atoll has a traditional high chief, the ulu-aliki, who is recognised by and plays an active ceremonial role in the national government. Thrones are primarily elective, but candidates are limited to members of a number of chiefly clans.|group=oc|name=Tuvalu}}Funafuti Aliki Siaosi Finiki Funafuti's traditional chieftaincy is limited to senior members of two chiefly clans: Te Aliki a Mua, and Te Aliki a Muli. By custom, succession rotates between the two lineages.|group=oc|name=Funasuc}}[21][22]
Nanumanga Aliki Talivai Sovola Mouhala Elective and Hereditary
Nanumea Aliki Iliala Lima The high chief, or Pulefenua, is elected by a council of chiefs (the Fale Kaupule) from senior members of Nanumea's seven chiefly clans, all of which claim descent from the first settlers.|group=oc|name=Nanusuc}}
Niutao Aliki Iosefa Lagafaoa Elective and Hereditary
Nui Aliki Falani Mekuli Elective and Hereditary
Nukufetau Aliki Valoaga Fonotapu Elective and Hereditary
Nukulaelae Aliki Aifou Tafia Elective and Hereditary
Vaitupu Aliki Londoni Panapa Elective and Hereditary
{{Flag icon|France}} Wallis and Futuna{{flagicon image|Flag of Alo.svg}} AloThe title is written in long form as either Tuigaifo or Tuʻi Agaifo.|group=oc|name=Tuigaifo}} --> Tuʻi Filipo Katoa 17 June 2016 Lalolalo The king is elected by a council of chiefs from the senior members of the kingdom's four chiefly clans.|group=oc|name=Alo}}[23]
{{flagicon image|Flag of Sigave.svg}} Sigave Tuʻi Eufenio Takala 5 March 2016 Vanai The king is elected by a council of chiefs from the senior members of the kingdom's three chiefly clans: the Tamole, the Keletaona, and the Safoka.|group=oc|name=Sigave}}[24]
{{flagicon image|Flag of Uvea.svg}} Uvea Tuʻi Felice Tominiko Halagahu (co-claimant) 16 April 2016 TakumasivaElective and Hereditary {{#tag:ref|The king is elected, traditionally for ten years, by a council of ministers from the senior members of the kingdom's royal clans. These clans correspond to the three districts of the island: Hahake, Hihifo, and Muʻa. The present king is of the Hihifo clan.|group=oc|name=Uvea}}[25]
Tuʻi Patalione Kanimoa (co-claimant) 17 April 2016

Cook Islands

Each major atoll in the Cook Islands has a number of arikis, ceremonial high chiefs who together form the Are Ariki, a parliamentary advisory body with up to 24 seats. The only domains not listed below are those of Manuae, on which current information is inadequate, and Penrhyn, whose chiefly line is extinct. Styles and names are listed in their conventional local form. In addition to the generic title of ariki, which is worn at the end of one's name, each chiefly line carries its own unique style, which is placed at the beginning. Thus, if the chief's name is "Henry" and his title is "Ngamaru", he is styled "Ngamaru Henry Ariki".

StatePolityMonarchSinceHouseSuccessionRefs
{{Flag icon|Cook Islands}} Cook IslandsAitutaki Manarangi Tutai Ariki 2000 Vaipaepae o Pau Hereditary [26]
Tamatoa Purua Ariki Hereditary [27]
Vaeruarangi Teaukura Ariki Hereditary [28]
Atiu Parua Mataio Kea Ariki Nurau Hereditary [29]
Her full name is "Ada Teaupurepure Tetupu".|group=oc|name=Adafull}} 1972 Paruarangi Hereditary [26]
Ngamaru Henry Ariki 1995 Te Akatuira Hereditary [30]
Mangaia Numangatini Nooroa Ariki Nga Ariki Hereditary [30]
Manihiki {{#tag:ref|The two high chiefs on Manihiki also traditionally reign over neighbouring Rakahanga. They represent the populace of both islands in the area Ariki.|group=oc|name=Rakah}}The title is also often written as Whakaheo Ariki.|group=oc|name=Whaka}}Arikis of this line belong to either the Numatua or Tiangarotonga tribes.|group=oc|name=Hukutahu}} Hereditary [28][31]
Vacant {{#tag:ref>The throne of Te Faingaitu Ariki (alternatively Whaingaitu) is vacant. It is apparently disputed between members of the eligible tribes, but no information is available on the claimants.|group=oc|name=Faingaitu}}Arikis of this line belong to either the Heahiro or Mokopuwai tribes.|group=oc|name=Matangaro}} Hereditary
MaukeSources are unclear on the name of the current Tamuera Ariki (often written Samuela Ariki).|group=oc|name=Tamuera}} Nurau Hereditary [29]
His name is sometimes written "Te Maeva" or simply "Maeva".|group=oc|name=Maeva}} Paruarangi Hereditary [28]
Te Au Marae Ariki Te Akatuira Hereditary [32]
Mitiaro Tou Travel Ariki Nurau Hereditary [27]
Tetava Poitirere Ariki Paruarangi Hereditary [28]
Temaeu Teikamata Ariki Te Akatuira Hereditary [28]
Pukapuka Tetio Kaitara Pakitonga Paulo Paulo Ariki 24 December 2008 Pukapuka Hereditary [33]
Rarotonga Makea Vakatini Joseph Ariki Te Au o Tonga Hereditary [34]
Dame Makea Karika Margaret Ariki, also known as Pauline Margaret Rakera, Mrs Taripo 14 May 1949 Hereditary [35]
Vacant {{#tag:ref>The Makea Nui Ariki is one of three high chiefs in the Te Au o Tonga tribe on Rarotonga. The previous ariki died in 1994, and her successor has yet to be agreed upon. Several members of the tribe claim rightful inheritance of the title. Succession is traditionally limited to the Rangi Makea clan; the three other clans of the tribe (Sadaraka, Mere and Upokotokoa) are considered junior branches. Mere Maraea MacQuarrie, the youngest daughter of the last ariki, is the only known claimant from the Rangi Makea clan, and is apparently the contender most likely to be granted the title. Other contenders include Stanley Adam Hunt, Yolande Browne, and Matapo Oti Oti, all of whom claim descent from the earlier arikis. The first of these, Hunt, was "invested" with the Makea Nui title under the regnal name "Takaia Tutavake"; the ceremony, which took place 16 May 2009, was not recognised by the government.|group=oc|name=Nuiariki}} 1994 Hereditary [36][37][38][39]
Her full regnal name is "Tapaeru Teariki Upokotini Marie", most commonly known as "Pa Marie".|group=oc|name=Marie}} 27 June 1990 Takitumu Hereditary [26]
Kainuku Kapiriterangi Ariki 6 May 2006 Hereditary [40]
Tinomana Tokerau Ariki 21 Nov 2013 There are three separate lineages eligible for the Puaikura Royalty, all of which descend from Tinomana Enuarurutini (ca. 1820–1854) the King of Puaikura and one of his three wives. They are (in order of seniority): Te Pori a Pa, Oakirangi, and Akaiti a Rua. The current Tinomana Ariki revert to the first and only married wive "Te Pori a Pa line".|group=oc|name=Puaikura}} Hereditary [26]

Others

In Fiji, which became a colony of Great Britain in 1874, the British monarchs were historically bestowed the title Tui Viti, which translates as "King of Fiji" or "Paramount Chief of Fiji". The last holder of the title (from 6 February 1952) was Queen Elizabeth II, of the House of Windsor. The state became a republic in 1987, abolishing the title by establishing a new constitution. The former Great Council of Chiefs, however, still recognised Elizabeth II as Tui Viti, as the nation's traditional queen and its supreme tribal chief, despite no longer holding a constitutional office. Consequently, while Fiji remains a republic, a monarch or paramount chief is still recognised by traditional tribal politics. The Queen has made no official claim to the Tui Viti throne, although she has remained open to the possibility of a constitutional restoration of the monarchy.[41]

Native chiefs in Fiji are considered members of the nobility. The House of Chiefs, consisting of about 70 chiefs of various rank determined by a loosely defined order of precedence, was modeled after the British House of Lords.[42] Tongan chiefs, subordinate to a king, are also considered nobles and have therefore been excluded from the above list.[43]

In American Samoa there are 12 paramount chiefs, all traditionally subordinate to the Tu'i Manu'a, a title that is now considered purely historical; the last titleholder, Elisala, died 2 July 1909. The paramount chiefly titles are: on Tutuila, Faumuina, Lei'ato, Letuli, Fuimaono, Tuitele, Satele, Mauga, and in the Manu'a Islands, Lefiti, Sotoa, Tufele, Misa and Tuiolosega. {{citation needed|date=October 2014}}

Notes

North America

1. ^{{Cite news|last=Jackson|first=Eric|title=Naso land claims talks appear to be designed to fail|newspaper=The Panama News|location=Panamá City, Panama|date=6 December 2009|url=http://www.thepanamanews.com/pn/v_15/issue_18/news_04.html|accessdate=1 June 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103131820/http://www.thepanamanews.com/pn/v_15/issue_18/news_04.html|archivedate=3 January 2010|df=dmy-all}}
2. ^{{Cite book|last=Loeak|first=Anono Lieom|author2=Kiluwe, Veronica C. |author3=Crowl, Linda |title=Life in the Republic of the Marshall Islands|publisher=IPS Publications, University of the South Pacific|year=2004|location=Suva, Fiji|page=20|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mOw7zK9hHLoC&source=gbs_navlinks_s|isbn=978-982-02-0364-8}}
3. ^1 {{Cite web|author=Cahoon, Ben|title=Marshall Islands Traditional Polities|work=World Statesmen.org|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Marshall_native.html|accessdate=13 June 2010}}
4. ^{{Cite news|last=Johnson |first=Giff |title=Huge funeral recognizes late Majuro chief |newspaper=Marianas Variety |location=Majuro |publisher=Younis Art Studio Inc |date=25 November 2010 |url=http://mvariety.com/2010112432258/local-news/huge-funeral-recognizes-late-majuro-chief.php |accessdate=29 November 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714141135/http://mvariety.com/2010112432258/local-news/huge-funeral-recognizes-late-majuro-chief.php |archivedate=14 July 2011 |df= }}
5. ^{{Cite news|last=Jaynes|first=Bill|title=PRC Ambassador Zhang Weidong turns over Pohnpei State Government building to the FSM|newspaper=Kaselehlie Press|location=Peilapalap, Pohnpei|date=17 February 2010|url=http://www.fsmgames.fm/news/kp/2010/feb10_6.htm|accessdate=14 June 2010}}
6. ^{{Cite journal|last=Riesenberg|first=Saul H.|title=The Native Polity of Ponape|journal=Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology|volume=10|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|year=1968|url=http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/anthropology/pdf_lo/SCtA-0010.pdf|accessdate=13 June 2010}}
7. ^{{Cite press release|title=President Nena Was Bestowed Traditional Title|publisher= Government of the Federated States of Micronesia|date=20 November 1997|url=http://www.fsmgov.org/press/pr112017.htm|accessdate=14 June 2010}}
8. ^{{Citation|title=Congressional Journal: First Regular Session|publisher=Fifteenth Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia|date=11 May 2007|location=Palikir, Pohnpei|url=http://www.fsmcongress.fm/pdf%20documents/Day%201%20Journal%20-%201st%20Regular%20%2015th%20Congress.pdf|accessdate=14 June 2010}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
9. ^{{Cite book|last=Godard|first=Philippe|title=Le mémorial Calédonien, Volume 8: 1970-1981|publisher=Art Calédoniennes|year=1980|location=Nouméa|pages=43, 60, 101|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NyMHAQAAIAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s|language=fr}}
10. ^{{Cite news|author=Staff|title=Grand chef à 33 ans|newspaper=Les Nouvelles Calédoniennes|location=Maré, New Caledonia|date=7 June 2007|url=http://www.lnc.nc/pays/societe/161827-grand-chef-a-33-ans.html|accessdate=14 June 2010|language=fr}}
11. ^{{Cite web|title=Lifou|work=Genealogical Gleanings|publisher=Henry Soszynski, University of Queensland|url=http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/lifou.html|accessdate=12 June 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613163943/http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/lifou.html|archivedate=13 June 2011|df=dmy-all}}
12. ^{{Cite news|author=Staff|title=New Zealand Maori choose new king|newspaper=BBC News|date=21 August 2006|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/5269822.stm|accessdate=12 June 2010}}
13. ^{{Cite web|title=Ngati Tuwharetoa|work=Genealogical Gleanings|publisher=Henry Soszynski, University of Queensland|url=http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/tuwharetoa.html|accessdate=12 June 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310170443/http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/tuwharetoa.html|archivedate=10 March 2011|df=dmy-all}}
14. ^{{Cite web|author=Cahoon, Ben|title=Traditional chiefs of Palau|work=World Statesmen.org|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Palau.htm#Traditional|accessdate=13 June 2010}}
15. ^{{Cite web|title=Koror, Palau|publisher=Almanach de Bruxelles|year=2003|url=http://www.almanach.be/search/p/pal_koror.html|accessdate=14 June 2010}}
16. ^{{Cite web|title=Melekeiok, Palau|publisher=Almanach de Bruxelles|year=2008|url=http://www.almanach.be/search/p/pal_melekeok.html|accessdate=14 June 2010}}
17. ^{{Cite web|title=Tupua Tamasese|work=Genealogical Gleanings|publisher=Henry Soszynski, University of Queensland|url=http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/tupuatamasese.html|accessdate=18 June 2010}}
18. ^{{Cite web|title=Tuimaleali'ifano|work=Genealogical Gleanings|publisher=Henry Soszynski, University of Queensland|url=http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/tuimalealiifano.html|accessdate=18 June 2010}}
19. ^{{Cite web|title=Mata'afa|work=Genealogical Gleanings|publisher=Henry Soszynski, University of Queensland|url=http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/mataafa.html|accessdate=18 June 2010}}
20. ^{{Cite web|title=Malietoa|work=Genealogical Gleanings|publisher=Henry Soszynski, University of Queensland|url=http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/malietoa.html|accessdate=18 June 2010}}
21. ^{{Citation|author=Government of Tuvalu; Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning and Industries; Economic Research and Policy Division|title=Te Kakeega II: National Strategies for Sustainable Development: 2005–2015|place=Funafuti|publisher=United Nations|date=November 2005|chapter=Malefatuga Declarartion|page=27|url=https://www.un.org/esa/agenda21/natlinfo/countr/tuvalu/nsds.pdf|accessdate=14 June 2010}}.
22. ^{{Cite book|last = Faaniu|first=Simati|editor=Laracy, Hugh |title=Tuvalu: A History|publisher=IPS Publications, University of the South Pacific|year=1983|location=Suva, Fiji|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NWaSHqXlS30C&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
23. ^{{Cite web|author=Cahoon, Ben|title=Wallis and Futuna Islands|publisher=World Statesmen.org|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Wallis_Futuna.html|accessdate=28 April 2010}}
24. ^{{Cite web|title=Sigave, Wallis & Futuna|publisher=Almanach de Bruxelles|year=2009|url=http://www.almanach.be/search/w/wal_sigave.html|accessdate=28 April 2010}}
25. ^{{Cite web|author=Soszynski, Henry|title=Wallis|work=Genealogical Gleanings|publisher=University of Queensland|url=http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/uvea.html|accessdate=28 April 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613164016/http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/uvea.html|archivedate=13 June 2011|df=dmy-all}}
26. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|title=Female Head of State of the Cook Islands|work=Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership|publisher=Christensen, Martin|url=http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/Cook_Islands_Heads.htm|accessdate=18 June 2010}}
27. ^1 {{Cite press release|title=Mitiaro ariki re-elected House president|publisher=Government of the Cook Islands|date=7 August 2003|url=http://www.cook-islands.gov.ck/view_release.php?release_id=259|accessdate=18 June 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101001070450/http://www.cook-islands.gov.ck/view_release.php?release_id=259|archivedate=1 October 2010|df=dmy-all}}
28. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite news|author=Staff|title=Proclamation by the Ui Ariki|newspaper=The Cook Islands Herald|location=Rarotonga|publisher=Cook Islands Herald Online|date=16 June 2008|url=http://www.ciherald.co.ck/articles/t255c.htm|accessdate=18 June 2010}}
29. ^1 {{Cite book|last=Kautai|first=Ngatupuna|title=Atiu: an island community|publisher=IPS Publications, University of the South Pacific|year=1991|location=Suva, Fiji|pages=30–32|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RGBY9yvybVgC&source=gbs_navlinks_s|isbn=978-982-02-0163-7}}
30. ^1 {{Cite book|last=Hunt|first=Errol|author2=Keller, Nancy|title=Rarotonga & the Cook Islands|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2003|location=Melbourne|pages=118, 137|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5akbBi6sso8C&source=gbs_navlinks_s|isbn=978-1-74059-083-9}}
31. ^{{Cite book|last=Buck|first=Sir Peter Henry|title=Ethnology of Manihiki and Rakahanga|publisher=Bernice P. Bishop Museum|year=1932|location=Honolulu, Hawaii|pages=28–65|url=http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-BucMani.html}}
32. ^{{Cite news|last=Moekaʻa |first=Moana |title=Oliveta celebrates centenary |newspaper=Cook Islands News |location=Rarotonga |publisher=Cook Islands News Online |date=31 December 2009 |url=http://www.cinews.co.ck/2009/May/Wed20/local.htm#3 |accessdate=18 June 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530014915/http://www.cinews.co.ck/2009/May/Wed20/local.htm |archivedate=30 May 2009 }}
33. ^{{Cite news|author=Staff|title=All smiles at the signing of agreement by Pukapuka MP and Government|newspaper=The Cook Islands Herald|location=Rarotonga|publisher=Cook Islands Herald Online|date=23 March 2009|url=http://www.ciherald.co.ck/articles/t293a.htm|accessdate=17 June 2010}}
34. ^{{Cite news|last=Greig |first=Helen |title=King meets Rarotonga ariki at Taputapuatea |newspaper=Cook Islands News |location=Rarotonga |publisher=Cook Islands News Online |date=17 September 2009 |url=http://www.cinews.co.ck/2009/September/Wed23/local.htm#2 |accessdate=18 June 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090928112654/http://www.cinews.co.ck/2009/September/Wed23/local.htm |archivedate=28 September 2009 }}
35. ^{{Cite news|author=Staff|title=Karika reign celebrated at palace|newspaper=Cook Islands News|location=Rarotonga|publisher=Cook Islands News Online|date=14 May 2009|url=http://www.cookislandsnews.com/item/37967-highest-honour-to-ariki/37967-highest-honour-to-ariki}}
36. ^{{Cite news|author=Staff|title=Changes to succession to Makea Nui tribal title?|newspaper=The Cook Islands Herald|location=Rarotonga|publisher=Cook Islands Herald Online|date=22 April 2009|url=http://www.ciherald.co.ck/articles/h455f.htm|accessdate=17 June 2010}}
37. ^{{Cite news|last=Moekaʻa |first=Moana |title=Another makes claim for Makea Nui title |newspaper=Cook Islands News |location=Rarotonga |publisher=Cook Islands News Online |date=16 May 2009 |url=http://www.cinews.co.ck/2009/May/Wed20/local.htm#8 |accessdate=17 June 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090530014915/http://www.cinews.co.ck/2009/May/Wed20/local.htm |archivedate=30 May 2009 }}
38. ^{{Cite news|last=Moekaʻa|first=Moana|title=Tahiti claimant seeks title|newspaper=Cook Islands News|location=Rarotonga|publisher=Cook Islands News Online|date=14 January 2009|url=http://www.cinews.co.ck/2010/January/Wed20/court_report.htm#1001140703|accessdate=17 June 2010}}
39. ^{{Cite news|author=Staff|title=Makea contender wanting to rewrite history?|newspaper=The Cook Islands Herald|location=Rarotonga|publisher=Cook Islands Herald Online|date=13 October 2008|url=http://www.ciherald.co.ck/articles/t272d.htm|accessdate=17 June 2010}}
40. ^{{Cite journal|last=Jonassen|first=Jon|title=Cook Islands|journal=The Contemporary Pacific|volume=19|issue=1|pages=207–213|publisher=University of Hawaiʻi Press|year=2007|issn=1527-9464|doi=10.1353/cp.2007.0017}}
41. ^{{Cite news|author=Staff|title=Queen still chief of Fiji|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|location=Sydney|publisher=Sydney Morning Herald Online|date=20 November 2002|url=http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/11/20/1037697676385.html|accessdate=18 June 2010}}
42. ^{{Cite web|title=Fijian Chiefly Titles|work=Genealogical Gleanings|publisher=Henry Soszynski, University of Queensland|url=http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/states/fiji/fiji.html|accessdate=18 June 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613164009/http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/states/fiji/fiji.html|archivedate=13 June 2011|df=dmy-all}}
43. ^{{Cite web|title=Tongan Titles|work=Genealogical Gleanings|publisher=Henry Soszynski, University of Queensland|url=http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/states/tonga/tonga.html|accessdate=18 June 2010}}

Oceania

{{Reflist|group="oc"}}

See also

  • Ethnarch
  • List of current sovereign monarchs
  • List of current pretenders
  • List of longest reigning current monarchs
  • List of monarchies
  • Lists of monarchs
  • Monarchy
  • Royal and noble ranks
  • Traditional authority

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

Further reading

  • {{Cite web

|ref = harv
|last = Cahoon
|first = Ben
|date = 2000–2010
|title = World Statesmen.org
|url = http://www.worldstatesmen.org/
|accessdate = 19 April 2010
}}
  • {{Cite web

|ref = harv
|last = Remy
|first = Adelin
|date = 1996–2010
|title = Almanach de Bruxelles
|url = http://www.almanach.be/
|accessdate = 19 April 2010
}}
  • {{Cite web

|ref=harv
|last=Soszynski
|first=Henry
|date=1996–2010
|title=Genealogical Gleanings
|publisher=University of Queensland
|url=http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/
|accessdate=19 April 2010
|deadurl=yes
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522085526/http://www.uq.net.au/~zzhsoszy/
|archivedate=22 May 2010
|df=
}}
  • {{Cite web

|ref = harv
|last = Tick
|first = Donald P.
|date = 2004–2008
|title = Indonesia Pusaka
|publisher = Blogger
|url = http://riaulingga.blogspot.com/
|accessdate = 19 April 2010
}}
  • {{Cite web

|ref = harv
|last = Tick
|first = Donald P.
|date = 2008–2010
|title = Kingdoms of Indonesia (Kerajaan Indonesia)
|publisher = Blogger
|url = http://kerajaan-indonesia.blogspot.com/
|accessdate = 19 April 2010
}}
  • {{Cite web

|ref = harv
|last = Tick
|first = Donald P.
|date = 2007–2010
|title = Royal Timor: Kings, Rajas and Dynasties of Timor
|url = http://www.royaltimor.com/
|accessdate = 28 April 2010
}}
  • {{Cite journal

| last = Van Klinken
| first = Gerry
| title = Return of the Sultans: The Communitarian Turn in Local Politics
| journal = The revival of tradition in Indonesian politics: The deployment of adat from colonialism to indigenism
| pages = 149–169
| publisher = Routledge
| location = London
| year = 2007
| ssrn = 1309406{{Current sovereigns of monarchies}}{{Monarchies}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2010}}{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Current Constituent Monarchs}}

2 : Lists of current office-holders|Lists of monarchs
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