“Ladbrokes Coral”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Ladbrokes Coral Group plc is a British based betting and gambling company. It is based in London. It previously owned the Hilton hotel brand outside the United States, and was known as Hilton Group plc from 1999 to 2006. In November 2016, Ladbrokes acquired its rival, Gala Coral Group, and changed its name to Ladbrokes Coral.

The company was listed on the London Stock Exchange, and was a member of the FTSE 250 Index, until it was acquired by GVC Holdings in March 2018.

History

The company was founded by Messrs. Schwind and Pennington in 1886, as commission agents for horses trained at Ladbroke Hall in Warwickshire. The name Ladbrokes was adopted in 1902 when one Arthur Bendir joined the partnership and operations were moved to London.^[2]

Ladbrokes' first London offices were situated in the vicinity of the Strand, later moving to Hanover Square in 1906 and, in 1913, the firm graduated to Six Old Burlington Street, Mayfair.^[2] From 1913 to 1956, Ladbrokes' clientele was exclusively drawn from the ranks of the British aristocracy and upper classes, many of whom were members of the elite gentlemen's clubs in the St James's area of Central London.^[2]

Unusually for the times, Ladbrokes' principal long time representative on British racecourses was a woman, Helen Vernet. Having joined the firm in 1919, she was made a partner in 1928 and remained with the firm until shortly before her death in 1956, at the age of 80.^[2]

Following the end of World War II, the fortunes of Ladbrokes were in steady decline, brought about by a combination of an austere postwar economic climate, a dwindling client base, and reluctance to change the firm's specialised approach to bookmaking. As a result, in 1956, the company was acquired by Mark Stein and his nephew, Cyril Stein for a reported £100,000.^[3]

In 1961, the government legalised betting shops under the Betting and Gaming Act. As managing director, Stein used profits from the traditional areas of the business to establish a chain of betting shops; he was the first to introduce fixed odds football betting. The company first diversified outside of the betting business by taking a major stake in the Dragonara Palace in Malta, a casino and hotel which opened its first phase in 1964.^[4]^[5]

In 1967, Ladbrokes was floated on the London Stock Exchange.^[6]^[7] From 1967 to 1973, Ladbroke's retail betting business grew from less than 50 shops to 1,135, and the company expanded its ventures to include bingo clubs, hotels under the Dragonara brand, casinos in London, holiday centres, and real estate investments.^[8]

In 1975, the company moved into racecourse management by purchasing Lingfield Park.^[9]^[10] This was followed with the acquisitions in 1976 of Perry Barr Stadium and Totalisators and Greyhound Holdings, which owned six greyhound racing stadia at Brough Park, Crayford & Bexleyheath, Leeds, Gosforth, Willenhall and Monmore.^[11]^[12]^[13] Arthur Aldridge, formerly of the Greyhound Racing Association, joined Ladbroke as Racing Director.^[14]^[15]

The company was rocked by scandal in 1979 with the exposure of illegal marketing schemes at its London casinos, including the bribery of a police officer to obtain information about high rollers at competing casinos.^[16]^[17] As a result, Ladbroke was forced to close its four casinos in London, which had accounted for roughly 40 percent of the company's profits.^[16]^[18]^[19]

The company acquired Texas Homecare, a chain of DIY stores, in 1986. In October 1987, it acquired Hilton International from Allegis Corporation for £645 million, gaining 91 hotels, and the rights to the Hilton brand outside of the United States.^[20]^[21]^[22] In 1989, Ladbrokes also acquired Vernons Football Pools.^[2]

Stein retired in January 1994, under pressure from investors because of the company's rising debts and losses.^[3]^[19]^[23] Under new management, Ladbroke undertook an effort to focus on its core areas of hotels and gambling, and to divest other parts of its business.^[19]^[24] Texas Homecare was sold to J Sainsbury plc in January 1995 for £290 million.^[25]

Ladbroke's extensive portfolio of commercial and residential real estate, valued at £1 billion in 1993, was sold off in pieces, and by March 1997, was down to £70 million.^[26] As part of its redoubled focus on gambling, Ladbroke returned to casinos in September 1994, with a £50 million purchase of three clubs in London, which it stated was the first step in building an international casino business.^[27]

In September 1998, Ladbroke purchased Coral, a chain of betting shops with 891 locations, from Bass plc for £363 million.^[28] The UK Government, however, ordered the company to sell Coral after the Monopolies and Mergers Commission found that the acquisition was anti-competitive.^[28] The Coral business, except for 59 shops in Ireland and Jersey, was sold in a management buyout financed by Morgan Grenfell Private Equity for £390 million in February 1999.^[29]^[30]

In March 1999, the company acquired Stakis Hotels for £1.3 billion, gaining 53 hotels and 22 casinos.^[31]^[32] Later that year, Ladbroke renamed itself as Hilton Group plc, to reflect its increasing focus on the hotel business, which had come to represent over 80 percent of the company's assets.^[33]^[34]^[35]

In August 1999, Hilton Group decided to dispose of its gambling operations outside of Europe, due to disappointing results.^[36]^[37] Most of the assets, including racetracks and casinos in the United States and bingo and betting businesses in South America, were sold by 2001.^[38] In addition, the company sold its 27 casinos in the United Kingdom to the Gala Group in December 2000 for £236 million.^[38]^[39]

In February 2006, the company sold its hotel operations to Hilton Hotels Corporation for £3.5 billion, and once more rebranded itself as Ladbrokes plc.^[40] In March 2007, the Vernons brand was sold to Sportech.^[2]

Following the introduction of the Gambling Act 2005 in the United Kingdom and the subsequent relaxation of advertising laws for gambling companies in 2007, a television campaign by Ladbrokes, that included a host of ex professional footballers, was the first to result in complaints to the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA); the ASA eventually cleared the campaign.^[41] The company once again came under fire from the ASA in January 2009, due to complaints relating to an advertising campaign.^[42]

Since 2007, Ladbrokes operated in Spain through the LBApuestas brand, but in April 2014, it terminated its license for LBApuestas and created a website, Sportium, in a joint venture with the Spanish gaming and leisure operator Cirsa.^[43]^[44] The company entered the online betting market in Australia with its acquisition of Bookmaker.com.au for ₤13 million in September 2013, followed by a purchase of Betstar for ₤12 million in April 2014.^[45]^[46]

In June 2015, Ladbrokes announced that they were in talks with the board of Gala Coral Group over a possible merger.^[47] The combination of the two companies created Britain's biggest bookmaker, with over 4,000 betting shops and 30,000 employees.^[48]

In July 2016, the Competition and Markets Authority identified 642 areas where the merger would harm local competition, and said 350 to 400 shops would need to be sold off for the £2.3 billion merger to be approved.^[49] The merger was completed on 2 November 2016.^[50] To effect the merger, Ladbrokes acquired the Coral Group and then changed its own name from Ladbrokes plc to Ladbrokes Coral Group plc.^[51]

In December 2017, GVC Holdings agreed to buy Ladbrokes Coral in a deal which could be worth up to £4 billion.^[52]

In January 2018, Ladbrokes Coral and the Scottish Professional Football League agreed an extension to the betting company's current sponsorship agreement until at least 2020. The deal will see the bookmaker remain the principle sponsor for the top four divisions of Scottish football in a deal worth up to £5 million.^[53]

In March 2018, Ladbrokes completed their omnichannel integration strategy with software provider Playtech offering single account functionality for all its online, mobile and retail products in the United Kingdom.^[54] Also in March 2018, GVC Holdings completed its acquisition with GVC shareholders owning 53.5% and Ladbrokes Coral 46.5% of the combined company.^[55]

In 2018, Ladbrokes paid victims £1 million in compensation after it was disclosed that a problem gambler had been stealing funds from his business clients to fund his gambling habit. The payments were made under the condition that the victims did not report the operator to the UK Gambling Commssion, the regulatory body in charge of monitoring all gambling in the United Kingdom.^[56]

Investors

From 2007 onwards, billionaire John Magnier and his business partner racing tycoon JP McManus began building a stake in Ladbrokes, estimated in 2008 to be more than 10%.^[57] In February 2008, it was discovered that another associate of Magnier's, Joe Lewis, had been building a stake estimated to be approximately 7%.^[57]

Notes

1. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=https://www.ladbrokescoralplc.com/~/media/Files/L/Ladbrokes-Coral-Group/reports/annual-report-2016.pdf|publisher=Ladbrokes|title=Annual Results 2016|accessdate=22 April 2017}}
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite web|url=http://www.ladbrokesplc.com/about-ladbrokes/history.aspx|title=Ladbrokes History|author=|date=|website=ladbrokesplc.com|accessdate=15 February 2019}}
3. ^¹{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/finance-obituaries/8343803/Cyril-Stein.html#|title=Obituary - Cyril Stein|publisher=Daily Telegraph | location=London|date=23 February 2011}}
4. ^{{cite news|title=Stein and the Lord Mayor|newspaper=The Observer|location=London|author=Jack Lundin|date=20 April 1980|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16053386/stein_and_the_lord_mayor/|via=Newspapers.com}}
5. ^{{cite news|title=Ladbrokes to seek a quotation this year|newspaper=The Guardian|author=Victor Keegan|location=London|date=10 January 1967|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16053401/ladbrokes_to_seek_a_quotation_this_year/|via=Newspapers.com}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-cyril-stein-bookmaker-and-businessman-1-1501687|title=Obituary: Cyril Stein, bookmaker and businessman|date=17 February 2011|publisher=The Scotsman|accessdate=26 December 2017}}
7. ^{{cite news|title=Money pours in to betting firm|newspaper=The Times and Democrat|location=Orangeburg, South Carolina|agency=AP|date=22 September 1967|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17597735/money_pours_in_to_betting_firm/|via=Newspapers.com}}
8. ^{{cite report|title=Report and Accounts 1973|publisher=Ladbroke Group|date=28 February 1974|pages=2–3|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/00566221/filing-history/MjAyMzQ4OTYxOWFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&download=0|via=Companies House}}
9. ^{{cite news|title=Ladbrokes get the go-ahead on Lingfield|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|date=7 January 1975|author=Chris Hawkins|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24722031/ladbrokes_get_the_goahead_on_lingfield/|via=Newspapers.com}}
10. ^{{cite news|title=Hardy for a double|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|author=Harry Heymer|date=14 January 1975|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24722055/hardy_for_a_double/|via=Newspapers.com}}
11. ^{{cite news|title=Ladbroke buys P Barr|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|date=2 July 1976|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24722630/ladbroke_buys_p_barr/|via=Newspapers.com}}
12. ^{{cite news|title=Ladbroke bids for six tracks|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|date=7 February 1976|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24722160/ladbroke_bids_for_six_tracks/|via=Newspapers.com}}
13. ^{{cite report|title=Report and Accounts 1976|publisher=Ladbroke Group|date=27 July 1977|pages=10 & 30|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/00566221/filing-history/MjAyMzQ4OTYyM2FkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&download=0|via=Companies House}}
14. ^{{cite book|author=Roy Genders|title=The Encyclopedia of Greyhound Racing|year=1981|publisher=Pelham Books Ltd|isbn=07207-1106-1}}
15. ^{{cite book|author=Roy Genders|title=NGRC book of Greyhound Racing|year=1990|publisher=Pelham Books Ltd|isbn=0-7207-1804-X}}
16. ^¹{{cite news|title=Hilton takes a new punt on casinos|newspaper=Evening Standard|location=London|author=Sarah Bridge|date=23 May 2004|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/hilton-takes-a-new-punt-on-casinos-6970017.html|accessdate=31 December 2017}}
17. ^{{cite book|title=An Economic and Social History of Gambling in Britain and the USA|author=Roger Munting|publisher=Manchester University Press|year=1996|page=162|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ByboAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA162&lpg=PA162}}
18. ^{{cite news|title=Ladbroke pulls out of casino business|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|author=David Simpson|date=21 May 1980|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16146778/ladbroke_pulls_out_of_casino_business/|via=Newspapers.com}}
19. ^¹²{{cite news|title=UK: Better going at Ladbrokes?|newspaper=Management Today|author=Ken Banta|date=1 November 1995|url=https://www.managementtoday.co.uk/uk-better-going-ladbrokes/article/409840|accessdate=31 December 2017}}
20. ^{{cite news|title=Allegis completes Hilton sale|newspaper=The Pantagraph|location=Bloomington, IL|date=15 October 1987|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16014786/allegis_complets_hilton_sale/|via=Newspapers.com}}
21. ^{{cite news|title=Ladbroke bets on Hilton|newspaper=The Sunday Times|location=London|author=John Westwell|date=6 September 1987|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0F925A9252F39FE5&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}
22. ^{{cite news|title=Ladbroke acquires Hilton International for 1.07 billion dollars|newspaper=Financial Times|location=London|author=Clay Harris|date=5 September 1987|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F1146F6186F3382E8&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}
23. ^{{cite news|title=Stein leaves Ladbroke with a £1m pay-off|newspaper=The Independent|location=London|author=Tom Stevenson|date=8 January 1994|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F131FE8B8DE85B880&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}
24. ^{{cite news|title=Ladbroke to bet on hotels and casinos|newspaper=The Sunday Times|location=London|author1=Rufus Olins|author2=Matthew Lynn|date=17 December 1995|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0F929F1EEF8C4AE2&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/sainsburys-buys-out-texas-diy-1569729.html|title=Sainsbury's buys out Texas DIY|accessdate=26 December 2017|date=25 January 1995}}
26. ^{{cite news|title=Ladbroke closure sparks bid rumours|newspaper=The Independent|location=London|author=Clifford German|date=5 March 1997|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F13204861336AF6C0&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}
27. ^{{cite news|title=Ladbroke bets on return to the gaming tables|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|author=Roger Cowe|date=2 September 1994|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16318672/ladbroke_bets_on_return_to_the_gaming/|via=Newspapers.com}}
28. ^¹{{cite news|title=DTI bars Ladbroke from buying Coral|newspaper=The Independent|location=London|author=Francisco Guerrera|date=23 September 1998|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news-analysis-dti-bars-ladbroke-from-buying-coral-1200267.html|accessdate=26 December 2017}}
29. ^{{cite news|title=Irish Coral shops not part of Ladbroke sell-off|newspaper=Irish Times|location=Dublin|author=Eibhir Mulqueen|date=23 December 1998|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F15FB4E8F0F0BF1A8&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}
30. ^{{cite report|title=Listing particulars|publisher=Ladbroke Group|date=10 March 1999|page=47|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/00566221/filing-history/MDA1MjQ4NTg3NmFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf|via=Companies House}}
31. ^{{cite news|title=Ladbroke bets on deal with Stakis|newspaper=The Sunday Times|location=London|author=John Waples|date=7 February 1999|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0F92A7B82F010B2E&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}
32. ^{{cite report|title=Annual Report|publisher=Hilton Group|date=27 June 2000|page=20|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/00566221/filing-history/MDEzNzYzNDYyOGFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf|via=Companies House}}
33. ^{{cite news|title=Ladbroke sells Detroit Racecourse for £18m|newspaper=Financial Times|location=London|author=Scheherazade Daneshkhu|date=15 May 1999|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F113B83B9961895F0&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}
34. ^{{cite news|title=Soccer high-flyers on target amid rate fears|newspaper=The Evening Standard|location=London|date=17 May 1999|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0F26DCF24E8BFB36&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}
35. ^{{cite news|title=Ladbroke gets a new name|newspaper=The Scotsman|location=Edinburgh|date=27 March 1999|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0F6F689D9D301BFC&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}
36. ^{{cite news|title=Ladbroke bets offshore|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|date=27 August 1999|author=John Cassy|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16213635/ladbroke_bets_offshore/|via=Newspapers.com}}
37. ^{{cite news|title=Golden Gate Fields up for sale|newspaper=San Francisco Examiner|date=3 September 1999|author=George Raine|url=http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Golden-Gate-Fields-up-for-sale-3069324.php|accessdate=2 January 2018}}
38. ^¹{{cite report|title=Annual Report|publisher=Hilton Group|date=11 May 2001|page=20|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/00566221/filing-history/MDA1OTAxNzUwNWFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf|via=Companies House}}
39. ^{{cite news|title=Hilton has good day of deals at the gaming table|newspaper=The Telegraph|location=London|author=Alistair Osborne|date=23 December 2000|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/4476356/Hilton-has-good-day-of-deals-at-the-gaming-table.html|accessdate=2 January 2018}}
40. ^{{cite news|title=Hilton Group profit up in 2006; may enter U.S. online gambling market|newspaper=Associated Press|author=Jane Wardell|date=23 February 2006|url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F11045F6F73F54CD0&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}
41. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/dec/19/asa.advertising|title=Ladbrokes ad scores ASA victory|author=Mark Sweney|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=19 December 2007}}
42. ^{{cite web | title = Ladbrokes comes underfire from TV watchdog | url =http://www.insidebetting.co.uk/bookmakers/ladbrokes/ladbrokes-comes-underfire-from-tv-watchdog/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606042247/http://www.insidebetting.co.uk/bookmakers/ladbrokes/ladbrokes-comes-underfire-from-tv-watchdog|archivedate=6 June 2010}}
43. ^Staff, Gaming Intelligence. 14 April 2014. Ladbrokes hands back LBApuestas licence to focus on JV
44. ^Staff, Reuters. 2 April 2014.[https://www.reuters.com/article/ladbrokes-spain-idUSL1689708120080416 UK bookmaker Ladbrokes to open 70 Spanish shops]
45. ^{{cite news|title=Ladbrokes plays 'catch up' in Australia with £13m deal|newspaper=The Telegraph|location=London|author=Nathalie Thomas|date=4 September 2013|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/leisure/10286343/Ladbrokes-plays-catch-up-in-Australia-with-13m-deal.html|accessdate=31 December 2017}}
46. ^{{cite news|title=UK bookmaker Ladbrokes buys Australian online company Betstar|newspaper=Reuters|date=9 April 2014|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-ladbrokes-australia/uk-bookmaker-ladbrokes-buys-australian-online-company-betstar-idUKBREA380TH20140409|accessdate=31 December 2017}}
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48. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jul/24/ladbrokes-and-gala-coral-to-merge Ladbrokes and Gala Coral merger to create £2.3bn gambling giant] The Guardian
49. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-36892078|title=Ladbrokes-Coral must sell 350-400 shops|author=|date=26 July 2016|publisher=|accessdate=15 February 2019|via=www.bbc.co.uk}}
50. ^{{cite web|url=https://uk.pokernews.com/news/2016/11/ladbrokes-and-gala-coral-complete-2-3-billion-merger-25625.htm|title=Ladbrokes and Gala Coral Complete £2.3 Billion Merger|date=2 November 2016|publisher=Poker News|accessdate=28 November 2016}}
51. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ladbrokescoralplc.com/~/media/Files/L/Ladbrokes-Coral-Group/prospectus-documentation/final-prospectus-1.pdf|title=Prospectus: Information about the merger|page=53|publisher=Ladbrokes|accessdate=28 November 2016}}
52. ^{{cite web|title=Ladbrokes Coral bought by online rival GVC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42452945|website=BBC News|accessdate=22 December 2017}}
53. ^{{cite news|title=Ladbrokes & SPFL Agree Sponsorship Extension, Vow to Promote Responsible Gambling|url=http://www.casinoreviews.co.uk/news/sport/ladbrokes-spfl-agree-sponsorship-extension-vow-promote-responsible-gambling.html |publisher=casinoreviews.co.uk |date=24 January 2018 |accessdate=25 January 2018}}
54. ^{{cite news|title=Ladbrokes Launch First Omnichannel Account with Playtech|url=http://www.casinoreviews.co.uk/news/sport/ladbrokes-launch-first-omnichannel-account-playtech.html |publisher=casinoreviews.co.uk |date=13 March 2018 |accessdate=14 March 2018}}
55. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/news/AN_1522255811628236400/update-ladbrokes-shares-to-be-cancelled-thursday-as-gvc-deal-closes-%28alliss%29.aspx |title=UPDATE: Ladbrokes Shares To Be Cancelled Thursday... |publisher=Morningstar |date= |accessdate=2018-04-15}}
56. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/dec/17/ladbrokes-wooed-problem-gambler-then-paid-victims-1m|title=Ladbrokes wooed problem gambler-then paid victims £1m|last=|first=|date=17 December 2018|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=4 January 2018}}
57. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/markets/article.html?in_article_id=430684&in_page_id=3|title=Tycoon Joe Lewis secures £300m stake in Ladbrokes|author=Karl West|work=This is Money}}