| 词条 | List of endemic mammals of Sri Lanka | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Sri Lanka is home to 21 endemic mammals.[1] Number of terrestrial mammals that have been recorded from the country is 91.[2] Additionally there are 28 marine mammals in the oceans surrounding the island. Being an island Sri Lanka lacks land area to supports large animals.[3] However fossil evidence of large archaic species of rhinoceroses, hippopotamuses, and lions have been discovered. The flora and fauna of Sri Lanka is mostly understudied.[4] Therefore, the number of endemics could be underestimated. All three endemic genera Solisorex, Feroculus and Srilankamys, of Sri Lanka are monotypic.[5] The endemic status of two Sri Lankan shrews has undergone changes as they have been reported in India recently.[1] The Kelaart's long-clawed shrew (Feroculus feroculus) and the Sri Lanka highland shrew (Suncus montanus) were recorded from southern India. At the same time taxonomic revisions have indicated that the flame-striped jungle squirrel (Funambulus layardi), the red slender loris (Loris tardigradus) and two species of mouse deer, Moschiola meminna and M. kathygre are endemic to Sri Lanka. That leaves the number of endemic mammals in Sri Lanka at 16. Meanwhile, a group of researchers have described a new shrew species Crocidura hikmiya from the Sinharaja Forest Reserve in 2007.[6] The discovery leads to increase the ultimate number of endemics to 21 at present. For Sri Lanka, small mammals are of special importance as they constitute a notable portion of the mammalian fauna of the country.[7] Of the 91 species of mammals. recorded in the country, 31 are rodents and shrews. Furthermore, they are also of significant importance in biological point of view, as they make up largely to the country's endemic faunal component. The endemic small mammals include six rodents and four shrews. Many of these endemic species are found in fragmented rainforests in southwestern Sri Lanka which are highly vulnerable to habitat destruction. As a result, many of these species have been categorised as threatened or endangered at national level.[7] Endemic mammalsMost endemic mammals are small nocturnal mammals that are seen rarely.[8]
Order Primate: primates
Order Rodentia: rodents
Order Soricomorpha: shrews and moles
Order Carnivora: carnivorans
Order Artiodactyla: even-toed ungulates
References1. ^1 {{cite book|last=Weerakoon|first=D. K.|title=Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research and Conservation|year=2006|publisher=The World Conservation Union, Colombo, Sri Lanka & Government of Sri Lanka|isbn=955-8177-51-2|pages=216–231|url=http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2006-030.pdf |author2=de A. Goonatilake, W. L. D. P. T. S. |editor=Bambaradeniya, C.N.B.|format=PDF|chapter=Taxonomic Status of the Mammals of Sri Lanka}} {{Fauna of Sri Lanka}}2. ^{{cite book|title=The 2007 Red List of Threatened Fauna and Flora of Sri Lanka|publisher=IUCN Sri Lanka and Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources|location=Colombo, Sri Lanka|year=2007|isbn=978-955-8177-63-1|url=http://www.srilankareptile.com/animals/2007%20-%20Red_List%20(Sri%20Lanka).pdf|accessdate=2009-10-04|format=PDF}} 3. ^{{WWF ecoregion|id=im0154|name=Sri Lanka lowland rain forests|accessdate=2009-10-04}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/Hotspots/ghats/Pages/conservation.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714033006/http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/hotspots/ghats/Pages/conservation.aspx|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2007-07-14|title=Conservation action and protected areas|work=biodiversityhotspots.org|publisher=Conservation International|accessdate=2009-10-04}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/Hotspots/ghats/Pages/biodiversity.aspx|title=Unique and threatened biodiversity|work=biodiversityhotspots.org|publisher=Conservation International|accessdate=2009-10-04|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504133044/http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/hotspots/ghats/Pages/biodiversity.aspx|archivedate=2009-05-04|df=}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last=Meegaskumbura|first=Suyama|author2=Meegaskumbura, Madhava|author3=Pethiyagoda, Rohan|author4=Manamendra-Arachchi, Kelum|author5=Schneider, Christopher J.|last-author-amp=yes|title=Crocidura hikmiya, a new shrew (Mammalia: Soricomorpha: Soricidae) from Sri Lanka|journal=Zootaxa|year=2007|volume=1665|pages=19–30|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/z01665p030f.pdf|format=PDF}} 7. ^1 {{cite book|last= Wijesinghe|first=Mayuri R.|title=Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research and Conservation|year=2006|publisher=The World Conservation Union, Colombo, Sri Lanka & Government of Sri Lanka|isbn=955-8177-51-2|pages=232–234|url=http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2006-030.pdf |editor=Bambaradeniya, C.N.B.|format=PDF|chapter=Ecological Traits of Endemic Small Mammals in Rainforests of Sri Lanka, and Their Implications for Conservation}} 8. ^{{cite book|last=Wijeyeratne|first=Gehan de Silva|title=A photographic guide to Mammals of Sri Lanka|publisher=New Holland Publishers|location=London|year=2008|edition=1st|pages=8|chapter=Endemic mammals|isbn=978-1-84773-142-5}} 9. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=Nekaris, A.|year=2008|id=12375|title=Loris tardigradus|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 10. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=Dittus, W.|assessor2=Watson, A.|assessor3=Molur, S.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=12560|title=Macaca sinica|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 11. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=Dittus, W.|assessor2=Molur, S.|assessor3=Nekaris, A.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=22042|title=Trachypithecus vetulus|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 12. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=de A. Goonatilake, W.I.L.D.P.T.S.|assessor2=Nameer, P.O.|assessor3=Molur, S.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=8700|title=Funambulus layardi|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 13. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=Rajamani, N.|assessor2=Molur, S.|assessor3=Nameer, P.O.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=8703.0|title=Funambulus obscurus|downloaded=August 30, 2008}} 14. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=de A. Goonatilake, W.I.L.D.P.T.S.|assessor2=Nameer, P.O.|assessor3=Molur, S.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=13969|title=Mus mayori|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 15. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=de A. Goonatilake, W.I.L.D.P.T.S.|assessor2=Nameer, P.O.|assessor3=Molur, S.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=13961|title=Mus fernandoni|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 16. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=de A. Goonatilake, W.I.L.D.P.T.S.|assessor2=Molur, S.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=19348|title=Rattus montanus|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 17. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=de A. Goonatilake, W.I.L.D.P.T.S.|assessor2=Nameer, P.O.|assessor3=Molur, S.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=20688|title=Srilankamys ohiensis|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 18. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=de A. Goonatilake, W.I.L.D.P.T.S.|assessor2=Nameer, P.O.|assessor3=Molur, S.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=22844|title=Vandeleuria nolthenii|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 19. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=de A. Goonatilake, W.I.L.D.P.T.S.|assessor2=Molur, S.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=5608|title=Crocidura miya|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 20. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=Meegaskumbura, S.|assessor2=Meegaskumbura, M.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=136596|title=Crocidura hikmiya|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 21. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=de A. Goonatilake, W.I.L.D.P.T.S.|assessor2=Nameer, P.O.|assessor3=Molur, S.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=20332|title=Solisorex pearsoni|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 22. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=de A. Goonatilake, W.I.L.D.P.T.S.|assessor2=Nameer, P.O.|assessor3=Molur, S.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=21148|title=Suncus zeylanicus|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 23. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=de A. Goonatilake, W.I.L.D.P.T.S.|assessor2=Nameer, P.O.|assessor3=Molur, S.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=21143|title=Suncus fellowesgordoni|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 24. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=Muddappa, D.|assessor2=Wozencraft, C.|assessor3=Yonzon, P.|assessor4=Jennings, A.|assessor5=Veron, G.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=41694|title=Paradoxurus zeylonensis|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 25. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=de A. Goonatilake, W.I.L.D.P.T.S.|assessor2=Nameer, P.O.|assessor3=Molur, S.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=20332|title=Paradoxurus aureus|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 26. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=de A. Goonatilake, W.I.L.D.P.T.S.|assessor2=Nameer, P.O.|assessor3=Molur, S.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=21148|title=Paradoxurus stenocephalus|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 27. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=de A. Goonatilake, W.I.L.D.P.T.S.|assessor2=Nameer, P.O.|assessor3=Molur, S.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=21143|title=Paradoxurus montanus|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 28. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=Duckworth, J.W.|assessor2=Timmins, R.J.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=41779|title=Moschiola meminna|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 29. ^{{IUCN2009.1|assessor=Duckworth, J.W.|assessor2=Timmins, R.J.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=136799|title=Moschiola kathygre|downloaded=October 22, 2009}} 5 : Mammals of Sri Lanka|Endemic fauna of Sri Lanka|Lists of biota of Sri Lanka|Lists of mammals of Asia|Lists of mammals by location |
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