“List of female first ministers in Canada”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

A total of twelve women have served, or are serving, as the first minister of a Canadian government. Of these, one was prime minister of the country, eight were premiers of a province and three were premiers of a territory.

Women have been eligible to become premier since they first gained the right to vote, beginning in 1916 in Manitoba and extending to all jurisdictions when Quebec allowed women to vote in 1940 (the Northwest Territories did not allow women to vote until later, but it did not have premiers at the time). Women soon began to be appointed to cabinet positions, starting with Mary Ellen Smith in British Columbia in 1921, but it was not until decades later that women began to serve as leaders of a major party. Hilda Watson became the first woman to lead her party to victory in a general election in 1978. However, since Yukon did not have premiers at the time, and Watson did not win her riding, her successor became the first Government Leader of the Yukon. The first female premier was Rita Johnston in 1991 in British Columbia. Today, every Canadian jurisdiction has had at least one female premier except for Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan.

The most female first ministers at one time was six, for 277 days from 11 February to 15 November 2013. These six included the premiers of Canada's four most populated provinces, so during that time approximately 88% of Canadians had a female premier. The longest-serving female premier is Christy Clark, who served as premier of British Columbia for over six years, from 14 March 2011 to 18 July 2017.

Three of the eleven female premiers won the title by defeating an incumbent premier in a general election, and another two earned their positions through consensus government systems that lack political parties. The rest won the title through a party leadership race, although several then went on to win a general election as the incumbent premier.

The current female first minister in Canada is Rachel Notley (17th Premier of Alberta). The tenure of incumbents is accurate as of {{FULLDATE|type=dmy}}.

Portrait

Name of Premier

Province / Territory

Date Assumed Office

Date Departed Office

Duration

Political Party

Leadership history and electoral Mandates

Rita|Johnston}}

British Columbia

nowrap=off|2 April 1991}}

nowrap=off|5 November 1991}}

1991|4|2|1991|11|5}}

BC|Social Credit|background}} |

Social Credit British Columbia|British Columbia Social Credit Party}}

Named as interim party leader—and therefore premier—in 1991 upon the resignation of Premier Bill Vander Zalm in the Fantasy Gardens scandal. Confirmed as party leader in the 1991 party leadership election. Her party lost power in the following general election.

Nellie|Cournoyea}}

Northwest Territories

nowrap=off|14 November 1991}}

nowrap=off|22 November 1995}}

1991|11|14|1995|11|22}}

NT|Nonpartisan|background}} |

Nonpartisan Northwest Territories|Nonpartisan (consensus government)}}

Chosen as the premier of the nonpartisan government after the 1991 general election for one term.

Catherine|Callbeck}}

Prince Edward Island

nowrap=off|25 January 1993}}

nowrap=off|9 October 1996}}

1993|1|25|1996|10|9}}

PE|Liberal|background}} |

Liberal Prince Edward Island|Prince Edward Island Liberal Party}}

Chosen as party leader—and therefore premier—by the 1993 party leadership election upon the retirement of Premier Joe Ghiz. She then led her party to win the 1993 general election. She was the first provincial female party leader to lead a party to election or re-election. She resigned after dropping in the polls.

Kim|Campbell}}

Canada (federal)

nowrap=off|25 June 1993}}

nowrap=off|4 November 1993}}

1993|6|25|1993|11|4}}

CA|PC|background}} |

Progressive Conservative Canada|Progressive Conservative Party of Canada}}

Chosen as party leader—and therefore prime minister—by the 1993 party leadership election upon the retirement of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. Her party lost power in the following general election.

Pat|Duncan}}

Yukon

nowrap=off|5 June 2000}}

nowrap=off|5 November 2002}}

2000|6|5|2002|11|5}}

YK|Liberal|background}} |

Liberal Yukon|Yukon Liberal Party}}

Named party leader while her party was the third party opposition in 1998. Became leader of the opposition partway through the 29th Yukon Legislature. Led her party to victory and thereby became premier in the 2000 general election. She was the first woman to defeat a sitting premier. Her party lost power in the following general election.

Eva|Aariak}}

Nunavut

nowrap=off|19 November 2008}}

nowrap=off|19 November 2013}}

2008|11|19|2013|11|19}}

NU|Nonpartisan|background}} |

Nonpartisan Nunavut|Nonpartisan (consensus government)}}

Chosen as the premier of the nonpartisan government after the 2008 general election for one term.

Kathy|Dunderdale}}

Newfoundland and Labrador

nowrap=off|3 December 2010}}

nowrap=off|24 January 2014}}

2010|12|3|2014|1|24}}

NL|PC|background}} |

Progressive Conservative Newfoundland and Labrador|Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador}}

Chosen as interim party leader—and therefore premier—in 2010 upon the retirement of Premier Danny Williams after serving as his deputy premier. Her party leadership was confirmed at the 2011 party leadership election. She then led her party to victory in the 2011 general election. She resigned after dropping in the polls.

Christy|Clark}}

British Columbia

nowrap=off|14 March 2011}}

nowrap=off|18 July 2017}}

2011|3|14|2017|7|18}}

BC|Liberal|background}} |

Liberal British Columbia|British Columbia Liberal Party}}

Chosen as party leader—and therefore premier— by the 2011 party leadership election upon the retirement of Premier Gordon Campbell. Led her party to victory in the 2013 general election. She won a plurality of seats in the 2017 general election, but immediately lost a confidence vote and resigned.

Alison|Redford}}

Alberta

nowrap=off|7 October 2011}}

nowrap=off|23 March 2014}}

2011|10|7|2014|3|23}}

AB|PC|background}} |

Progressive Conservative Alberta|Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta}}

Chosen as party leader—and therefore premier— by the 2011 party leadership election upon the retirement of Premier Ed Stelmach. Then led her party to victory in the 2012 general election. She resigned after dropping in the polls.^[1]^[2]

Pauline|Marois}}

Quebec

nowrap=off|19 September 2012}}

nowrap=off|23 April 2014}}

2012|9|19|2014|4|23}}

QC|PQ|background}} |

Parti Québécois|Parti Québécois}}

Chosen as party leader while her party was the third party opposition by the 2007 party leadership election. Led her party to become the official opposition in the 2008 general election and later led her party to victory—and thereby became premier—in the 2012 general election. She was the first female party leader to defeat a sitting premier in a province. Her party lost power in the following general election.

Kathleen|Wynne}}

Ontario

nowrap=off|11 February 2013}}

nowrap=off|29 June 2018}}

2013|2|11|2018|6|29}}

ON|Liberal|background}} |

Liberal Ontario|Ontario Liberal Party}}

Chosen as party leader—and therefore premier—by the 2013 party leadership election upon the retirement of Premier Dalton McGuinty. Then led her party to victory in the 2014 general election. Lost re-election in the 2018 general election.

Rachel|Notley}}

Alberta

nowrap=off|24 May 2015}}

12|Incumbent}}

2015|5|24}}

AB|NDP|background}} |

New Democratic Alberta|Alberta New Democratic Party}}

Chosen as party leader while her party was the fourth party opposition by the 2014 party leadership election. Led her party to victory in the 2015 general election.

Timeline of female first ministers

width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5, -4) anchor:till barset:Governors from:02/04/1991 till:05/11/1991 color:SC text:"Rita Johnston (1991)" from:14/11/1991 till:22/11/1995 color:NP text:"Nellie Cournoyea (1991-1995)" from:25/01/1993 till:09/09/1996 color:L text:"Catherine Callbeck (1993-1996)" from:25/06/1993 till:04/11/1993 color:PC text:"Kim Campbell (1993)" from:05/06/2000 till:05/11/2002 color:L text:"Pat Duncan (2000-2002)" from:19/11/2008 till:19/11/2013 color:NP text:"Eva Aariak (2008-2013)" from:03/12/2010 till:24/01/2014 color:PC text:"Kathy Dunderdale (2010-2014)" from:14/03/2011 till:18/07/2017 color:L text:"Christy Clark (2011-2017)" from:07/10/2011 till:23/03/2014 color:PC text:"Alison Redford (2011-2014)" from:19/09/2012 till:23/04/2014 color:PQ text:"Pauline Marois (2012-2014)" from:11/02/2013 till:29/06/2018 color:L text:"Kathleen Wynne (2013-2018)" from:24/05/2015 till:31/05/2019 color:ND text:"Rachel Notley (2015-present)" barset:skip

Timeline of female first ministers

See also

References