词条 | List of heirs to the Spanish throne | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
From the personal union of the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon until the accession of the first Bourbon monarch in 1700, the heir to the Spanish throne was the person closest to the Spanish monarch according to the male-preference cognatic primogeniture. From the accession of Philip of France as Philip V until the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830, the heir to the Spanish throne was the person closest to the Spanish monarch according to the Salic law.[1] The heir, whether heir apparent or heir presumptive, was often granted the title of Prince of Asturias. Heirs to the Catholic MonarchsIsabella I and Ferdinand V of Castile were already parents at the time of their accession in 1474. Their heir presumptive was their daughter,
Upon Isabella I's death in 1504, Joanna ascended the throne of Castile along with her husband, Philip I. Upon Ferdinand II's death in 1516, the widowed Joanna ascended the throne of Aragon as well. Heirs to Joanna IJoanna I was already mother of two sons and a daughter at the moment of her accession. She co-ruled with her husband, Philip I, until his death in 1506. Her heir apparent at the moment of her accession was her son,
In 1516, Joanna's father, Ferdinand II, died. Joanna and Charles ascended the throne of Aragon together as co-rulers and Charles was recognized as Joanna's co-ruler in Castile as well. Upon Joanna's death in 1555, Charles became sole ruler. Heirs to Charles ICharles I became King of Castile and Aragon in 1516, but he did not become sole ruler until his mother's death in 1555. During his reign, the Spanish kingdoms were in personal union with the Holy Roman Empire, Archduchy of Austria, Kingdom of Germany and Seventeen Provinces. When Charles I became sole ruler, his son,
Charles I abdicated in 1556. King Philip of England ascended the Castilian throne as Philip II and Aragonese throne as Philip I. Heirs to Philip IIPhilip was already father at the moment of his accession. His heir apparent was his son,
Heirs to Philip IIIPhilip III was unmarried and childless at the moment of his accession in 1598. His eldest sister,
During Philip III's reign, the Spanish kingdoms were in personal union with Portugal and the Seventeen Provinces. In 1615, Anne became Queen consort of France and renounced her rights to the Spanish throne as part of her marriage contract. Heirs to Philip IVPhilip IV ascended the thrones of Spain, Portugal and the Seventeen Provinces in 1621. He had been married for six years at the moment of his accession but still childless. Therefore, Philip's brother,
Philip Prospero died on 1 November 1661. The heir presumptive between his death on November 1 and the birth of his brother Charles on November 6 was unclear. During that period, the oldest living child of Philip IV was Queen Maria Theresa of France. However, she had renounced her rights to the Spanish thrones upon her marriage to King Louis XIV of France. On the other hand, the renunciation and its validity were made conditional upon the payment of a large dowry. The dowry was never paid and it was argued that Maria Theresa therefore never legally renounced her rights. If Maria Theresa's renunciation was nevertheless valid, the heir presumptive during those five days was her younger sister Margaret Theresa. Philip IV died in 1665, leaving testament in which he had given preference to his younger daughter, Holy Roman Empress Margaret Theresa, and her descendants regarding the succession to the Spanish thrones. In his will, he also stipulated that Margaret Theresa and her descendants should be followed by her husband, Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, and his descendants because Leopold I was not only a member of the House of Habsburg, but also son of Philip IV's younger sister, Maria Anna. Heirs to Charles IICharles II was four years old when he succeeded his father on the thrones of Spain. The heir presumptive was either his older half-sister, Queen Maria Theresa of France, whose renunciation was considered invalid, or his older sister, Holy Roman Empress Margaret Theresa, who had been designated heir presumptive by Charles's father. According to the will of Philip IV and if Maria Theresa's renunciation was valid, the heir presumptive to Charles II at the moment of his accession was his older sister,
Upon the death of Joseph Ferdinand, the line of descent of Holy Roman Empress Margaret Theresa became extinct. Charles II wished to be succeeded by a descendant of his older half-sister, Maria Theresa, who had died. The heir according to male-preference cognatic primogeniture was his nephew, Maria Theresa's son Louis. However, Charles II wished to avoid personal union between France and Spain. Therefore, he designated Louis's younger son,
While Philip of France was the rightful heir according to Charles II's will, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I was the rightful heir according to Philip IV's will. Leopold was not willing to abandon his rights and decided to pursue his claim, sparking the War of the Spanish Succession. Heirs to Philip VPhilip V ascended the Spanish thrones on the death of his grand-uncle, Charles II, in 1700. This resulted in the War of the Spanish Succession, which concluded in his favour. Philip V was the first Spanish monarch of the House of Bourbon. He changed the Spanish laws of succession to the throne, replacing the traditional male-preference cognatic primogeniture with agnatic primogeniture (also known as Salic law) which prohibited women from ascending the Spanish throne. During Philip V's reign, the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon merged into a single state after centuries of personal union. Philip V was forced to renounce his rights to the French throne as a part of the Treaty of Utrecht. Philip V was unmarried and childless at the moment of his accession. According to the will of Charles II, Philip's younger brother,
In 1724, Philip V abdicated in favour of Louis. Heirs to Louis ILouis I was childless when he ascended the Spanish throne. His brother,
Louis I died childless after only seven months of reigning and his father Philip reascended the throne of Spain. Heirs to Philip VPhilip V's heir at the moment of his second accession was his oldest surviving son,
Upon Philip V's death in 1746, Ferdinand became King of Spain. Heirs to Ferdinand VIFerdinand VI was childless. During his entire reign, his brother,
Charles ascended the Spanish throne upon Ferdinand's death in 1759. Heirs to Charles IIICharles III was already a father at the moment of his accession. His heir apparent during his entire reign was his second son,
Upon his death in 1788, Charles III was succeeded by his son and namesake. Heirs to Charles IVCharles IV was already a father at the moment of his accession. His heir apparent during his entire reign was his son,
In 1808, Charles IV abdicated in Ferdinand's favour. Heirs to Ferdinand VIIFerdinand was childless at the moment of his accession. His brother,
However, Ferdinand was forced to abdicate in favour of Joseph Bonaparte, the brother of Emperor Napoleon I of France. After Joseph's short reign which was ended by his abdication in 1813, Ferdinand VII resumed the throne and
The decision to repeal the Salic law proved to be very unpopular. Ferdinand VII died in 1833 and Isabella was proclaimed queen as Isabella II, but Charles considered himself the rightful king. The result of the decision were Carlist Wars. Heirs to Isabella IIIsabella II was three years old when she ascended the throne of Spain. Her heir presumptive was her younger sister,
Isabella II was induced to abdicate in 1870. Amadeus of Savoy was elected new monarch. Heirs to Amadeus IDuring Amadeus I's short reign, the heir apparent was his son,
Amadeus I abdicated in 1873 and the First Spanish Republic was proclaimed. Heirs to Alfonso XIIThe First Spanish Republic did not last long. In 1874, the eldest son of Isabella II was proclaimed king as Alfonso XII. He was unmarried and without legitimate children. His heir presumptive was his older sister,
When Alfonso XII died, his widow was left pregnant. It was decided that Mercedes, Princess of Asturias, wouldn't be proclaimed queen because of the possibility that Alfonso's widow carried a son. Heirs to Alfonso XIIIA posthumous son was indeed born to Alfonso XII and he immediately succeeded his father as Alfonso XIII. His sister,
Monarchy was abolished in 1931. Upon Alfonso XIII's renunciation in 1941, Juan succeeded him as the titular King of Spain using the title of Count of Barcelona. In 1947, monarchy was restored but the throne remained vacant. In 1969, Francisco Franco recognized
Heirs to Juan Carlos IJuan Carlos I had two daughters and a son when he ascended the Spanish throne in 1975.
Heirs to Felipe VIFelipe VI had two daughters when he ascended the throne in 2014.
See also
References1. ^{{cite book|last=Blinkhorn|first=Martin|title=Carlism and crisis in Spain, 1931-1939|publisher=CUP Archive|year=1975|isbn=0-521-20729-0}} 5 : Spain politics-related lists|Princes of Asturias|Lists of heirs|Lists of Spanish nobility|Heirs to the throne |
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