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词条 List of hematologic conditions
释义

  1. Anemias

     Nutritional anemias  Non-nutritional (hemolytic, aplastic and other) anemias  Leukemia  Myeloma  Malignant Immunoproliferative Diseases 

  2. Coagulation, purpura, and other hemorrhagic conditions

  3. Infection-related

     Bacterium-related  Protozoan-related 

  4. Immune system regulation-related

     Immunodeficiency with predominantly antibody defects 

  5. References

This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy certain standards for completion.

There are many conditions of or affecting the human hematologic system — the biological system that includes plasma, platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes, the major components of blood and the bone marrow.[1]

Anemias

{{Main|Anemia}}

An anemia is a decrease in number of red blood cells (RBCs) or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood.[2][3] However, it can include decreased oxygen-binding ability of each hemoglobin molecule due to deformity or lack in numerical development as in some other types of hemoglobin deficiency.

Anemia is the most common disorder of the blood. There are several kinds of anemia, produced by a variety of underlying causes. Anemia can be classified in a variety of ways, based on the morphology of RBCs, underlying etiologic mechanisms, and discernible clinical spectra, to mention a few. The three main classes of anemia include excessive blood loss (acutely such as a hemorrhage or chronically through low-volume loss), excessive blood cell destruction (hemolysis) or deficient red blood cell production (ineffective hematopoiesis). Based on 2005-2006 estimates, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has stated that approximately 5.5 million Americans a year are either admitted to a hospital or seen by a physician, with some form of anemia as their primary diagnosis.[4]

Nutritional anemias

A nutritional anemia is a type of anemia that can be directly attributed to either a nutritional disorder or a nutritional deficiency.

Condition nameICD-10 coding numberDiseases Database coding numberMedical Subject Headings
Iron deficiency anemia D|5050}6947}}
Iron deficiency anemia (or iron deficiency anaemia) is a common anemia that occurs when iron loss (often from intestinal bleeding or menses) occurs, and/or the dietary intake or absorption of iron is insufficient. In such a state, hemoglobin, which contains iron, cannot be formed.[5]
Plummer-Vinson syndrome D|50|1|d|50}}10134}}
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (PVS), also called Paterson-Brown-Kelly syndrome or sideropenic dysphagia presents as a triad of dysphagia (due to esophageal webs), glossitis, and iron deficiency anemia.[6] It most usually occurs in postmenopausal women.
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia E|53|8|e|50}}13905}}
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia occurs when a "lower-than-normal" amount of the vitamin B12 is available within the body, leading to a decreased production of healthy red blood cells.[7]
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia due to intrinsic factor deficiency D|51|0|d|50}}
Vitamin B12 deficiency is caused by a lack of intrinsic factor, as seen in pernicious anemia, causes a vitamin B12 deficiency.
Pernicious anemia D|51|0|d|50}}9870}}
Pernicious anemia (also known as macrocytic achylic anemia, congenital pernicious anemia, juvenile pernicious anemia, and Vitamin B12 deficiency) is one of many types of the larger family of megaloblastic anemias. It is caused by loss of gastric parietal cells, and subsequent inability to absorb vitamin B12. Pernicious anemia is the result of inadequate production of the protein intrinsic factor needed by the body to absorb vitamin B 12, causing a reduction of new red blood cells.[8]
Vitamin B 12 deficiency anemia due to selective vitamin B 12 malabsorption with proteinuria
Vitamin B 12 deficiency anemia due to selective vitamin B 12 malabsorption with proteinuria (also known as Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder which requires the indefinite administration of Vitamin B12 injections.[9]
Megaloblastic hereditary anemia D|51|1|d|50}}, {{ICD10|D|52|0|d|50}}, {{ICD10|D|53|1|d|50}}29507}}
Megaloblastic anemia (or megaloblastic anaemia) is an anemia (of macrocytic classification) that results from inhibition of DNA synthesis in red blood cell production.[10]
Transcobalamin II deficiency D|51|2|d|50}}
Transcobalamin II deficiency (TCII) (also known as hereditary transcobalamin II deficiency) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that results in neurological dysfunction.[11] Transcobalamin II are a type of carrier proteins which bind with plasma vitamin B12 (cobalamin) in the production of red blood cells.[12]
Folate-deficiency anemia D|5250}} {{ICD10|E|53|8|e|50}}4894}}
Folate-deficiency anemia (also known as dietary folate-deficiency anemia) is a condition that develops when the body does not have the adequate supply of folic acid available that is needed for the production of new healthy blood cells.[13]
Nutritional megaloblastic anemia D|51|1|d|50}}, {{ICD10|D|52|0|d|50}}, {{ICD10|D|53|1|d|50}}29507}} D000749
Nutritional Megaloblastic anemia is an anemia (of macrocytic classification) that results from inhibition of DNA synthesis in red blood cell production.[10]
Drug-induced folate deficiency anemia D|52|1|d|50}}
Protein deficiency anemia
Protein deficiency anemia is an anemia that results from an inadequate intake of dietary protein.[14]
Scurvy E|5450}13930}}
Scurvy is a disease resulting from a deficiency of vitamin C,[15] which is required for the synthesis of collagen in humans.

Non-nutritional (hemolytic, aplastic and other) anemias

Condition nameICD-10 coding numberDiseases Database coding numberMedical Subject Headings
Acanthocytosis
Acanthocytosis can refer generally to the presence of this type of crenated red blood cell, such as may be found in severe cirrhosis or pancreatitis,[16]{{rp|150}} but can refer specifically to abetalipoproteinemia, a clinical condition with acanthocytic red blood cells, neurologic problems and steatorrhea.[17]{{rp|2464}} This particular cause of acanthocytosis (also known as abetalipoproteinemia, apolipoprotein B deficiency, and Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome) is a rare, genetically inherited, autosomal recessive condition due to the inability to fully digest dietary fats in the intestines as a result of various mutations of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) gene.[18]
Acute posthemorrhagic anemia D|62|0|d|60}}
Acute posthemorrhagic anemia (also known as acute blood loss anemia) is a condition in which a person quickly loses a large volume of circulating hemoglobin. Acute blood loss is usually associated with an incident of trauma or a severe injury resulting in a large loss of blood. It can also occur during or after a surgical procedure.[19]
Alpha-thalassemia D|56|0|d|55}}448}}, {{DiseasesDB2|33334}}, {{DiseasesDB2|33678}}
Alpha-thalassemia (α-thalassemia) is a form of thalassemia involving the genes HBA1 [20] and HBA2.[21] It is condition that causes a reduction of hemoglobin production. There are two types of Alpha-thalassemia, named hemoglobin Bart hydrops fetalis syndrome (also known as Hb Bart syndrome) and HbH disease.[22]
Anemia D|5050}}//red blood cell">red blood cells (RBCs) or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood.[{{ICD10|D|6160}866}}
Aplastic anemia is a condition where bone marrow does not produce sufficient new cells to replenish blood cells.[27]
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia D|59|0|d|55}}//hemolytic anemia">hemolytic anemia where the body's immune system attacks its own red blood cells (RBCs), leading to their destruction (hemolysis).[{{ICD10|D|5955}5534}}
Hemolytic anemia (also known as haemolytic anaemia) is an anemia due to hemolysis, the abnormal breakdown of red blood cells. A number of different mediating factors can cause this condition; either from within the blood cell itself (intrinsic factors) or outside of the cell (extrinsic factors).[39]
Congenital hemolytic anemia
Fanconi anemia D|61|0|d|60}}4745}} D005199
Fanconi anemia is a rare genetic autosomal recessive aplastic anemia that involves chromosomes 9q and 20q.[42]
Hereditary spherocytosis D|58|0|d|55}}5827}}
Hereditary spherocytosis is a genetically-transmitted (autosomal dominant) form of spherocytosis, an auto-hemolytic anemia characterized by the production of red blood cells that are sphere-shaped rather than bi-concave disk shaped (donut-shaped), and therefore more prone to hemolysis.[40]
Hereditary elliptocytosis D|58|1|d|55}}4172}}
Hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) (also known as ovalocytosis), is an inherited blood disorder in which an abnormally large number of circulating red blood cells are elliptical or cigar shaped rather than the typical biconcave disc shape. It is caused in part by mutations in the formation of specific spectrin tetramers or proteins responsible for giving the red blood cell its shape and elasticity causing continued deformation as the cell matures.[41] Subtypes of this condition include southeast Asian ovalocytosis and spherocytic elliptocytosis.
Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis
Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP) is an autosomal recessive form of hemolytic anemia which typically presents at infancy or early childhood, characterized by abnormal red blood cell morphology including "budding red cells, fragmented red cells, spherocytes, elliptocytes, triangular cells, and other bizarre-shaped red cells." [42]
Acquired hemolytic anemia
Cold hemagglutinin disease D|59|1|d|55}}2949}}
Cold hemagglutinin disease (also known as cold agglutinin disease and autoimmune anemia due to cold-reactive antibodies)is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of high concentrations of circulating antibodies, usually IgM, directed against red blood cells.[43] It is a form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, specifically one in which antibodies only bind red blood cells at low body temperatures, typically 28-31 °C.
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria D|59|6|d|55}}9679}}
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) (also known as Donath-Landsteiner syndrome) is a rare condition characterized by the sudden presence of hemoglobin in the urine (called hemoglobinuria), typically after exposure to cold temperatures.[44]
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome D|59|3|d|55}}13052}}
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) (also known as haemolytic-uraemic syndrome) is a disease characterized by hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure (uremia) and a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia). It predominantly but not exclusively affects children. Most cases are preceded by an episode of diarrhea caused by E. coli O157:H7, which is acquired as a foodborne illness.[45]
Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin
Hereditary stomatocytosis D|58|8|d|55}}29710}}
Hereditary stomatocytosis is a classification of inherited autosomal dominant human conditions which affect the red blood cell, in which the membrane or outer coating of the cell 'leaks' sodium and potassium ions, causing cell lyses and eventual haemolytic anaemia.
Hexokinase deficiency D|55|2|d|55}}
Hexokinase deficiency (also known as human erythrocyte hexokinase deficiency) is an anemia-causing condition associated with inadequate hexokinase.[46]
Hyperanaemia
Hypochromic anemia
Hypochromic anemia is any type of anemia in which the red blood cells (erythrocytes) are paler than normal.[47] This is caused by a proportionally reduced amount of hemoglobin present in relation to the size of the red blood cell.
Ineffective erythropoiesis
Ineffective erythropoiesis is an anemia caused by the premature apoptosis of the body's mature red blood cells [48] and subsequent reduction in an adequate production and full maturation of new healthy red blood cells.[49]
Macrocytic anemia
Megaloblastic anemia D|51|1|d|50}}, {{ICD10|D|52|0|d|50}}, {{ICD10|D|53|1|d|50}}29507}}
Megaloblastic anemia (or megaloblastic anaemia) is an anemia of macrocytic classification that results from inhibition of DNA synthesis in red blood cell production.[10]
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Minkowski-Chauffard syndrome
Myelophthisic anemia D|61|9|d|60}}
Myelophthisic anemia (also known as myelophthisis) is a severe kind of anemia found in some people with diseases that affect the bone marrow. Myelophthisis is the displacement of hemopoietic bone-marrow tissue into the peripheral blood,[50] either by fibrosis, tumors or granulomas.
Neuroacanthocytosis 29707}} D054546
Neuroacanthocytosis (also known as Levine-Critchley syndrome) is a group of rare, genetic conditions that are characterized by movement disorders and acanthocytosis.[51]
Chorea acanthocytosis 29707}} D054546
Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc)(also known as Levine-Critchley syndrome, acanthocytosis with neurologic disorder, neuroacanthocytosis, and choreoacanthocytosis)[52] is a rare hereditary disease caused by a mutation of the gene that directs structural proteins in red blood cells. It belongs to a group of four diseases characterized as neuroacanthocytosis.[53]
Non sideropenic hypochromic anaemia
Normocytic anemia
A normocytic anemia is an anemia with a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of 80-100.
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria D|59|5|d|55}}9688}}
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (also known as Marchiafava-Micheli syndrome) is a rare, acquired, life-threatening blood disease, with anemia due to red blood cell destruction, red urine, and thrombosis.
Pyruvate kinase deficiency D|55|2|d|55}}11090}}
Pyruvate kinase deficiency, also called erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency,[54] is an inherited metabolic disorder of the enzyme pyruvate kinase which affects the survival of red blood cells and causes them to deform into echinocytes on peripheral blood smears.
Rh deficiency syndrome
Rh deficiency syndrome is a type of hemolytic anemia that involves erythrocytes whom membranes are deficient in Rh antigens. It is considered a rare condition.[55]
Sickle-cell disease
Sideroblastic anemia D|64|0|d|60}}//sideroblast">sideroblasts rather than healthy red blood cells (erythrocytes).[{{ICD10|C|8581} 9065
The non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are a diverse group of blood cancers that include any kind of lymphoma except Hodgkin's lymphomas.[65]
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma C|84|4|c|81}}
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT) (also known as Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia)[66]{{rp|747}} is a mature T-cell lymphoma with systemic characterized by a polymorphous lymph node infiltrate showing a marked increase in follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and high endothelial venules (HEVs) and systemic involvement.[71] It is also known as immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (Lukes-Collins Classification) and AILD-type (lymphogranulomatosis X) T-cell lymphoma (Kiel Classification).[67]
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma is a systemic neoplasm comprising medium-sized cytotoxic T-cells that show a significant sinusoidal infiltration in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.[68] It is a rare and generally incurable form of lymphoma.[69]
B-cell lymphoma
reticuloendotheliosis
reticulosis
Microglioma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Follicular lymphoma C|8281}
Follicular lymphoma (also known as indolent follicular lymphoma) is a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that involves both large and small B-cell lymphocytes that spreads from the lymphatic system and into the blood, bone marrow, and internal organs. Approximately 20 to 30 percent of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are diagnosed as follicular lymphoma, with a majority of cases involving those 60 years of age or older.[70]
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue lymphoma 31339
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue lymphoma (as known as MALT lymphoma and extra-nodal marginal zone lymphoma) is a condition in which lymphatic tissue abnormally presents outside the lymphatic system (extra-nodular) and instead within the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, typically as a lesion in the stomach.[71]
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia C|91|1|c|81}} 2641
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (also known as small cell lymphocytic lymphoma) is a blood cancer that involves the B-cell lymphocytes; responsible for the creation of antibodies. Of the two general types of chronic lymphocytic leukemias (the other involving T-cells), B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia accounts for approximately 95 percent of the diagnoses.[72]
Mantle cell lymphoma C|85|7|c|81}}
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a type of B-cell lymphoma and one of the rarest forms of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas comprising approximately 6% of diagnosed cases.[73]
Burkitt lymphoma C|83|7|c|81}} 1784
Burkitt lymphoma (also known as Burkitt's tumor or malignant lymphoma, Burkitt's type) is a type of B-cell lymphoma that is categorized into one of variant types. These variants are endemic (occurring in equatorial Africa), sporadic ("non-African"), and immunodeficiency-associated (usually associated with HIV).
Mediastinal large B cell lymphoma
Waldenström's macroglobulinemia C|88|0|c|81}} 14030
Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma) is a lymphoproliferative disease that involves an abnormal increase of lymphocytes within the bone marrow, creasing disruption of normal red blood cell production.[74]
Nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) (also known as well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma, and splenic lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes) is a lymphoma made up of small B-cells that replace the normal architecture of the white pulp of the spleen. The neoplastic cells are both small lymphocytes and larger, transformed blasts, and they invade the mantle zone of splenic follicles and erode the marginal zone, ultimately invading the red pulp of the spleen. Frequently, the bone marrow and splenic hilar lymph nodes are involved along with the peripheral blood.[75]
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
Primary effusion lymphoma 33904
Primary effusion lymphoma is a condition caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV).[76]
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma

Leukemia

Leukemia is a malignancy producing of white blood cells in bone marrow. It can be a serious disease if not treated early.

Sometimes it can be cured by chemotherapy or stem cell treatment. It can affect our bloodstream, skin, lymph nodes, heart, and brain.

Condition nameICD-10 coding numberDiseases Database coding numberMedical Subject Headings
plasma cell leukemia C|90|1|c|81}} D007952
Plasma cell leukemia (PCL), a lymphoproliferative disorder,[77] is a rare cancer involving a subtype of white blood cells called plasma cells.[78]
Acute erythraemia and erythroleukaemia
Acute erythremic myelosis
Acute erythroid leukemia C|94|0|c|81}}
Acute erythroid leukemia (also known as Guglielmo's disease, and acute Di Guglielmo syndrome) is a rare form of acute myeloid leukemia.
Heilmeyer-Schöner disease
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia D007947
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is a form of acute myeloid leukemia where megakaryoblasts account for approximately 30% of the nucleated cells within the bone marrow.[79]
Mast cell leukemia
Panmyelosis C|94|4|c|81}}
Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis C|94|4|c|81}}
Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis (APMF) is a poorly defined disorder that arises as either a clonal disorder, or following toxic exposure to the bone marrow.
Lymphosarcoma cell leukemia
Acute leukaemia of unspecified cell type
Blastic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia
Blastic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia is a phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia in which more than 30% of the cells in the blood or bone marrow are blast cells.
Stem cell leukemia
Chronic leukaemia of unspecified cell type
Subacute leukaemia of unspecified cell type
Accelerated phase chronic myelogenous leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia C|92|0|c|81}} 203
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), also known as acute myelogenous leukemia, is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells.[80]
Polycythemia vera
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Acute basophilic leukemia
Acute eosinophilic leukemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Acute monocytic leukemia
Acute myeloblastic leukemia with maturation
Acute myeloid dendritic cell leukemia
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
Aggressive NK-cell leukemia
B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
B-cell leukemia
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia p
Chronic neutrophilic leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Hairy cell leukemia
Chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis
Myleofibrosis is one of the myeloproliferative neoplasms.

Myeloma

Condition nameICD-10 coding numberDiseases Database coding numberMedical Subject Headings
Multiple myeloma
Kahler's disease
Myelomatosis
Solitary myeloma
Plasma cell leukemia
Plasmacytoma, extramedullary
Malignant plasma cell tumour NOS
Plasmacytoma NOS

Malignant Immunoproliferative Diseases

Condition nameICD-10 coding numberDiseases Database coding numberMedical Subject Headings
Monoclonal gammopathy
Multiple Myeloma
Angiocentric immunoproliferative lesion
Lymphoid granulomatosis
Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy
T-gamma lymphoproliferative disease
Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia
Alpha heavy chain disease
Gamma heavy chain disease
Franklin's disease
Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease
Mediterranean disease
Malignant immunoproliferative disease, unspecified
Immunoproliferative disease NOS

Coagulation, purpura, and other hemorrhagic conditions

is also related with Blood Clot

Condition nameICD-10 coding numberDiseases Database coding numberMedical Subject Headings
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC, defibrination syndrome)
Protein C deficiency
Protein C deficiency is a rare genetic trait that predisposes to thrombotic disease.[81]
Protein S deficiency
Factor V Leiden
Thrombocytosis
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura D|69|3|d|65}}6673 D016553
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the condition of having a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) of no known cause (idiopathic).
Recurrent thrombosis
Hemophilia
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Hemophilia C
Von Willebrand disease
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Thrombocytopenia
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Infection-related

Hematological disorders may be caused by a number of infection-related conditions involving the introduction of microorganisms into the host, such as bacteria, viruses, microfilaria, fungus and protozoa.[82]

Bacterium-related

Condition nameICD-10 coding numberDiseases Database coding numberMedical Subject Headings
Clostridium infection
Cholera infection
E. coli 0157:H7 infection
Typhoid fever

Protozoan-related

Condition nameICD-10 coding numberDiseases Database coding numberMedical Subject Headings
Leishmania infection *
Malaria infection (Plasmodium infection)
Toxoplasmosis

Immune system regulation-related

Immunodeficiency with predominantly antibody defects

Condition nameICD-10 coding numberDiseases Database coding numberMedical Subject Headings
Hereditary hypogammaglobulinemia
Nonfamilial hypogammaglobulinemia
Selective deficiency of immunoglobulin A [IgA]
Selective deficiency of immunoglobulin G [IgG] subclasses
Selective deficiency of immunoglobulin M [IgM]
Immunodeficiency with increased immunoglobulin M [IgM]
Antibody deficiency with near-normal immunoglobulins or with hyperimmunoglobulinemia
Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy

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35. ^{{DorlandsDict|four/000048231|hemoglobinopathy}}
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