“List of Mesopotamian dynasties”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

List of Mesopotamian dynasties

释义

Early Dynastic period
Late third to mid-second millennium BC
Mitanni
Mid-second to first millennium BC
Eclipse and Venus observation records
See also
Notes
Bibliography

Early Dynastic period

Mesopotamia Early Dynastic period King list
Date	Lagash	Umma	Uruk	Ur
2500 BC	Urnanshe	Pabilgaltukh	Meskalamdug	Meskalamdug
Akurgal	Ush	Akalamdug
2450 BC	Eanatum	Enakale	Mesannepada Aannepada	Mesannepada Eanatum
Enanatum I	Urluma	Meskiagnuna
2400 BC	Entemena	Lugalkiginedudu	Lugalkiginedudu	Lugalkiginedudu
Enanatum II	Lugalkisalsi	Lugalkisalsi
Enentarsi	Gishakidu U' u	Elili	Lugalsilasi
Lugalanda	Urzage Lugal-TAR	Urzage
2350 BC	UruKAgina	Lugalzagesi	Enshakushana	Enbi' ishtar
Lugalzagesi	Urzababa
Sargon of Akkad

^[1]

Late third to mid-second millennium BC

Mesopotamia early period king list^[2]
Dynasty of Agade
2300 BC	Sargon of Akkad 2334–2279 BC
Rimush 2278–2270 BC
Manishtusu　2269–2255 BC
Naram-Sin 2254–2218 BC
2200 BC	Sharkalisharri 2217–2193 BC
King unknown 2192–2190 BC
Dudu 2189–2169 BC	Gudea (2nd Dynasty of Lagash]])
Shu-Turul 2168–2154 BC
3rd Dynasty of Ur
Ur-Namma 2112–2095 BC
2110 BC	Shulgi 2094–2047 BC
Amar-Sin 2046–2038 BC
Shu-Sin 2037–2029 BC
Ibbi-Sin 2028–2004 BC
Isin-Larsa/Old Babylonian Period
Isin	Larsa	Babylon	Assur
Ishbi-Erra 2017–1985 BC	Naplanum 2025–2005 BC	Ushpia circa 2030 BC
2000 BC	Emisum 2004–1977 BC	Apiashal
Shu-Ilishu 1984–1975 BC	Sulili
Iddin-Dagan 1974–1954 BC	Samium 1976–1942 BC
Ishme-Dagan 1953–1935 BC	Zambaja 1941–1933 BC	Kikkiya
Lipit-Ishtar 1934–1924 BC	Gungunum 1932–1906 BC	Akiya
Ur-Ninurta 1923–1896 BC	Puzur-Ashur I circa 1975 BC
1900 BC	Bur-Sin 1895–1897 BC	Abisare 1905–1895 BC	Shalim-ahum died 1946 BC
Lipit-Enlil 1873–1869 BC	Sumuel 1894–1866 BC	Sumuabum 1894–1881 BC	Ilu-shumma 1945–1906 BC
Erra-imitti 1868–1861 BC	Nur-Adad 1865–1850 BC	Sumulael 1880–1845 BC	Erishum I 1905–1867 BC
Enlil-bani 1860–1837 BC	Sin-Iddinam 1849–1843 BC
Zambiya 1836–1834 BC	Sin-Eribam 1842–1841 BC	Sabium 1844–1831 BC	Ikunun 1867–1860 BC
Iter-pisha 1833–1831 BC	Sin-Iqisham 1840–1836 BC	Sargon I 1865 BC
Ur-du-kuga 1830–1828 BC	Silli-Adad 1835 BC	Apil-Sin 1830–1813 BC	Puzur-Assur II
Suen-magir 1827–1817 BC	Warad-Sin 1834–1823 BC	Erishum II 1819–1814 BC
1800 BC	Damiq-ilishu 1816–1794 BC	Rim-Sin I 1822–1763 BC	Sin-muballit 1812–1793 BC	Shamshi-Adad I 1813–1781 BC
Hammurabi 1792–1750 BC	Ishme-Dagan 1790–1751 BC
Rim-Sin II	Samsuiluna 1749–1712 BC	Mut-Ashkur 1750
1700 BC	Abi-eshuh 1711–1684 BC	Rimush
Ammiditana 1683–1647 BC	Asinum
Ammisaduqa 1646–1626 BC	Adasi 1720 BC
1600 BC	Samsuditana 1625–1595 BC
"Dark Age"

^[3]

Mitanni

Mitanni king list
Shuttarna I（son of Kirta）
Parattarnar
Saushtatar（son of Parsatatar）
Artatama I
Shuttarna II
Artashumara
Tushratta	Artatama II
Shattiwaza	Shuttarna III
Shattuara
Wasashatta
Shattuara II

^[4]

Mid-second to first millennium BC

Mesopotamia later period king list
Babylonia	Assyria
Kassite Dynasty ^[5]
Gandaš
Agum Maḫrû
Kaštiliašu I
? Abi-Rattaš
? Kaštiliašu II
Urzigurumaš
Ḫarba-x, ? Ḫurbazum
? Šipta’ulzi
? Agum-Kakrime
1500 BC	Burna-Buriaš I	Puzur-Aššur III 1503–1479 BC
? Kaštiliašu III
? Ulamburiaš
? Agum III
?
Kara-indaš 1413 BC	Aššur-bêl-nišešu 1407–1399 BC
1400 BC	Kadašman-Ḫarbe I	Middle Assyrian Kingdom
Kurigalzu I
Kadašman-Enlil I 1374–1360 BC	Aššur-uballiṭ 1363–1328 BC
Burna-Buriaš II 1359–1333 BC
Kara-ḫardaš 1333 BC
Nazi-Bugaš 1333 BC
Kurigalzu II 1332–1308 BC	Enlil-nīrāri 1327–1318 BC Arik-den-ili 1317–1306 BC
1300 BC	Nazi-Maruttaš 1307–1282 BC	Adad-nīrāri I 1305–1274 BC
Kadašman-Turgu 1281–1264 BC	Shalmaneser I 1273–1244 BC
Kadašman-Enlil II 1263–1255 BC
Kudur-Enlil 1254–1246 BC
Šagarakti-Šuriaš 1245–1233 BC	Tukulti-Ninurta I 1243–1207 BC
Kaštiliašu IV 1232–1225 BC
Enlil-nādin-šumi 1224 BC
Kadašman-Ḫarbe II 1223 BC
Adad-šuma-iddina 1222–1217 BC
1200 BC	Adad-šuma-uṣur 1216–1187 BC	Assur-nadin-apli 1206–1203 BC Assur-nirari III 1202–1197 BC Enlil-Kudurri-usur 1196–1192 BC Ninuta-apil-ekur 1191–1179 BC
Meli-Šipak 1186–1172 BC	Aššur-dan I 1178–1133 BC
Marduk-apla-iddina I 1171–1159 BC
Zababa-šuma-iddina 1158 BC
Enlil-nādin-aḫi 1157–1155 BC
Post-Kassite Period^[2]
Second Dynasty of Isin
Marduk-kabit-ahheshu 1157–1140 BC
Itti-Marduk-balatu 1139–1132 BC	Assur-resh-ishi I 1132–1115 BC
Ninurta-nadin-shumi 1131–1126 BC
Nebuchadnezzar I 1125–1104 BC	Tiglath-Pileser I 1114–1076 BC
Enlil-nadin-apli 1103–1100 BC
1100 BC	Marduk-nadin-ahhe 1099–1082 BC
Marduk-shapik-zeri 1081–1069 BC
Adad-apla-iddina 1068–1047 BC	Ashurnasirpal I 1049-1031 BC
Marduk-ahhe-eriba 1046 BC
Marduk-zer-X 1045–1034 BC
Nabu-shum-libur 1033–1026 BC
Second Sealand Dynasty
Simbar-shipak 1025–1008 BC
Ea-mukin-zeri 1008 BC
Kashshu-nadin-ahi 1007–1005 BC
Bazi Dynasty 1004–985 BC
1000 BC	Eulmash-shakin-shumi 1004–988 BC
Ninurta-kudurri-usur I 987–985 BC
Shirikti-shuqamuna 985 BC
Elamite Dynasty 984–979 BC
Mar-biti-apla-usur 984–979 BC
Various Dynasties 978–626 BC
Nabû-mukin-apli 978–943 BC
Ninurta-kudurri-usur II 943 BC
Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina 942 BC	Neo-Assyrian Empire
Shamash-mudammiq
Nabu-shuma-ukin I	Assur-dan II 934–912 BC
900 BC	Napu-apla-iddina	Adad-nirari II 911–891 BC
Marduk-zakir-shumi I	Tukulti-Ninurta II 890–884 BC
Marduk-balassu-iqbi 813 BC	Assurnasirpal II 883–859 BC
Baba-aha-iddina 812 BC	Shalmaneser III 858–824 BC
XNinurta-apl?-[x]	Shamshi-Adad V 823–811 BC
800 BC	Marduk-bel-zeri	Adad-nirari III 810–783 BC
Marduk-apla-usur	Shalmaneser IV 782–773 BC
Eriba-Marduk	Assur-dan III 772–755 BC
Nabu-shuma-ishkun 760–748 BC	Assur-nirari V 754–745 BC
Nabu-nasir 747–734 BC	Tiglath-pileser III 744–727 BC
Nabu-nadin-zeri 733–732 BC
Nabu-shuma-ukin II 732 BC
Nabu-mukin-zeri 731–729 BC
Tiglath-pileser III/Pulu 728–727 BC
Shalmaneser V/Ululaju 726–722 BC	Shalmaneser V 726–722 BC
Merodach-Baladan II 721–710 BC	Sargon II 721–705 BC
Sargon II709–705 BC
Sennacherib 704–703 BC	Sennacherib 704–681 BC
Marduk-zakir-shumi 703 BC
Merodach-Baladan II 703 BC
700 BC	Bel-ibni 702–700 BC
Assur-nadin-shumi 699–694 BC
Nergal-ushezib 693 BC
Mushezib-Marduk 692–689 BC
Sennacherib 688–681 BC
Esarhaddon 680–669 BC	Esarhaddon 680–669 BC
Ashurbanipal 668 BC	Ashurbanipal 668–627 BC
Shamash-shum-ukin 667–648 BC
Kandalanu 646–627 BC
interregnum	Assur-etel-ilani
Sin-shuma-lishir	Sin-shuma-lishir
Sin-shar-ishkun	Sin-shar-ishkun
Assur-uballit II 611–608 BC
Neo-Babylonian Dynasty
600 BC	Nabopolasser 625–605 BC
Nebuchadnezzar II 604–562 BC
Evil-Merodach 561–560 BC
Neriglissar 559–556 BC
Labashi-Marduk 556 BC
Nabonidus 555–539 BC

^[6]

Eclipse and Venus observation records

Base on an Assyria record of Eclipse on June 15, 763 BC, and the related date documents between Assyria and Babylonia, the dates after 1400 BC are reliable. According to the Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa, a record of astronomical observations of Venus in Old Babylonian Empire king Ammisaduqa (1646–1626 BC), the rough date can be concluded. But about the accuracy date, the Historians have different opinions, in high chronology the finish date of Old Babylonian is 1651 BC, in middle chronology the finish date of Old Babylonian is 1595 BC，and in low chronology the finish date of Old Babylonian is 1531 BC. In this article we use the middle chronology, same as most of the books about Mesopotamia, but there are many evidence support the low chronology (even extreme low chronology).^[7]

Notes

1. ^{{Harvnb|The University of Pennsylvania Museum|Beijing World Art Museum|2007|p=153}}
2. ^¹{{ cite book | title = Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization | chapter = Appendix: Mesopotamian Chronology of the Historical Period | author = J. A. Brinkman | editor = A. L. Oppenheim | year = 1977 | location = Chicago | pages = 335–348 }}
3. ^{{Harvnb|The University of Pennsylvania Museum|Beijing World Art Museum|2007|pp=154–155}}
4. ^{{Harvnb|The University of Pennsylvania Museum|Beijing World Art Museum|2007|p=156}}
5. ^{{ cite book | title = Materials for the Study of Kassite History, Vol. I | chapter = A Chronology of the Kassite Dynasty | author = J. A. Brinkman | publisher = Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago | year = 1976 | pages = 26–27 }}
6. ^{{Harvnb|The University of Pennsylvania Museum|Beijing World Art Museum|2007|pp=157–159}}
7. ^{{Harvnb|The University of Pennsylvania Museum|Beijing World Art Museum|2007|pp=27–28}}

Bibliography

{{cite book

|ref={{harvid|The University of Pennsylvania Museum|Beijing World Art Museum|2007}}
|author=The University of Pennsylvania Museum|author2=Beijing World Art Museum
|title=Mesopotamia
|location=Beijing
|publisher=Heritage Press
|date=Feb 2007|edition=1st
|isbn=978-7-5010-2112-3
|language=Chinese
}}{{Ancient Mesopotamia}}

2 : Ancient Mesopotamia|Ancient history-related lists

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