词条 | List of Minnesota state symbols | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
There are eighteen official symbols of the U.S. state of Minnesota, as designated by the Minnesota Legislature.[1] The first named symbol is the state's motto, L'Étoile du Nord – French for "Star of the North". It was selected in 1861, shortly after Minnesota achieved statehood, by the first governor, Henry Sibley, as a reflection of Minnesota's location in the Northern United States. That same year, the state seal was appointed. Minnesota did not designate another official symbol until 1945, when "Hail! Minnesota", then the official song of the University of Minnesota, was designated as state song. In 1984, Minnesota became the first state to appoint a state mushroom, the morel (Morchella esculenta).[1] Minnesota schoolchildren have been the force behind the successful promotion of four official symbols: the blueberry muffin (1988), the monarch butterfly (2000), the Honeycrisp apple (2006), and ice hockey (2009). The 1918 black-and-white photograph Grace, taken by Eric Enstrom in Bovey and later reproduced as a color painting by his daughter, was named state photograph in 2002. The newest symbol of Minnesota is Lester, declared the state soil in 2012. In addition, many other symbols have been proposed as representations of the state, but for various reasons have been unsuccessful. Suggested animals have included the white-tailed deer, the northern leopard frog, the eastern timber wolf, the thirteen-lined ground squirrel, and the Blanding's turtle. Through the years, the state legislature has also voted on unsuccessful bills to designate the Tilt-A-Whirl as official amusement ride, the works Little House on the Prairie and On the Banks of Plum Creek as state book, "Minnesota Blue" as official poem, as well as the appointment of a poet laureate position. State symbols
Nicknames and unsuccessful proposalsMinnesota has three nicknames: "Land of 10,000 Lakes", which evolved from the desire of early settlers to advertise the state's large number of lakes to attract more people; "Gopher State", which was inspired by an early political cartoon criticizing the construction of several railroads in the mid-1800s; and "North Star State", a reference to both the state motto and Minnesota's position as the northernmost point in the contiguous United States.[42]{{sfn|McAuliffe|2003|p=7}} The Minnesota North Stars, the state's hockey team from 1967 to 1993, also derived its name from the state motto.[31] Many other symbols have been proposed for addition to the list of official state symbols but were never officially adopted. Since 1971, the white-tailed deer has been proposed as the state mammal eight times.[32] Other creatures proposed as representations of the state have included the northern leopard frog, the eastern timber wolf, the thirteen-lined ground squirrel, and the Blanding's turtle.[33] In 2007, another proposal, also unsuccessful, was to designate the Tilt-A-Whirl as the state's official amusement ride. It was invented in Faribault in 1926, and debuted at the Minnesota State Fair a year later.[33][34] In 2005, the state legislature overwhelmingly voted in favor of appointing a state poet laureate, a position offered by 34 other states. Governor Tim Pawlenty vetoed the measure, believing that the state could "benefit from the richness and diversity of all of the poets in Minnesota and recognize and embrace their work as merit and circumstances warrant."[35] "Minnesota Blue", a 1985 poem by state native and poet-songwriter Cordell Keith Haugen, has been unsuccessfully proposed as state poem. Five other states have official poems.[36][37] Proposals for state book have included two of Laura Ingalls Wilder's works, Little House on the Prairie and On the Banks of Plum Creek.[33] See also{{Portal|Minnesota}}
References1. ^{{Cite news |url=http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/drink.jsp |title=State Drink |publisher=State of Minnesota |accessdate=January 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116130938/http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/drink.jsp |archive-date=2014-01-16 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{Cite news |url=http://www.leg.state.mn.us/leg/Symbols.aspx |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6NrWIYhKy?url=http://www.leg.state.mn.us/leg/Symbols.aspx |archivedate=March 6, 2014 |deadurl=no |title=Minnesota Legislature List of Official Symbols |publisher=State of Minnesota |accessdate=December 29, 2013 |df= }} 3. ^{{Cite news |url=http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/bird.jsp |title=State Bird |publisher=State of Minnesota |accessdate=January 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116130929/http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/bird.jsp |archive-date=2014-01-16 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 4. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-99769549.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611022024/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-99769549.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=June 11, 2014 |title=Common loon was made state bird in 1961 |work=Star Tribune |date=April 7, 2003 |last=Youso |first=Karen |accessdate=January 16, 2014 }} {{Subscription needed}} 5. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-62423031.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611004411/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-62423031.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=June 11, 2014 |title=Monarch butterfly is king of State Capitol for a day; A bill to make the beautiful orange flash the state butterfly took flight on political winds fanned by eager (and well-educated) fourth-graders |work=Star Tribune |date=February 15, 2000 |last=McAuliffe |first=Bill |accessdate=January 15, 2014 }} {{Subscription needed}} 6. ^{{Cite news |url=http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/butterfly.jsp |title=State Butterfly |publisher=State of Minnesota |accessdate=January 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116130945/http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/butterfly.jsp |archive-date=2014-01-16 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 7. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-146555561.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324214952/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-146555561.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=March 24, 2016 |title=As apt symbol, the walleye has it |work=Star Tribune |date=June 2, 2006 |last=Gilbert |first=Jim |accessdate=January 16, 2014 }} {{Subscription needed}} 8. ^{{Cite news |url=http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/fish.jsp |title=State Fish |publisher=State of Minnesota |accessdate=January 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116130924/http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/fish.jsp |archive-date=2014-01-16 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 9. ^{{Cite news |url=http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/flag.jsp |title=State Flag |publisher=State of Minnesota |accessdate=January 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116130927/http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/flag.jsp |archive-date=2014-01-16 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 10. ^{{Cite news |url=http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/flower.jsp |title=State Flower |publisher=State of Minnesota |accessdate=January 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116130940/http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/flower.jsp |archive-date=2014-01-16 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 11. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-143737519.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611004413/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-143737519.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=June 11, 2014 |title=The Apple of their eye; Bayport fifth-graders want the Honeycrisp, a homegrown variety, to be Minnesota's official fruit |work=Star Tribune |date=March 25, 2006 |last=Giles |first=Kevin |accessdate=January 15, 2014}} {{Subscription needed}} 12. ^{{Cite news |url=http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/gemstone.jsp |title=State Gemstone |publisher=State of Minnesota |accessdate=January 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116130942/http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/gemstone.jsp |archive-date=2014-01-16 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 13. ^{{Cite news |url=http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/grain.jsp |title=State Grain |publisher=State of Minnesota |accessdate=January 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116130955/http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/grain.jsp |archive-date=2014-01-16 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 14. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-137244014.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070529025806/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-137244014.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=May 29, 2007 |title=Research treading on sacred ground; A clash over genetically altered wild rice pits advancing science against deeply held Indian spirituality |work=Star Tribune |date=October 5, 2005 | last=Levy |first=Paul |accessdate=January 15, 2014}} {{Subscription needed}} 15. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-126803400.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611021834/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-126803400.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=June 11, 2014 |title=Capitol quirks; Happy 100th birthday, Minnesota State Capitol. My really huge marble dome dominates the sky. Here are some other sweet things you may not know |work=Star Tribune |first=Peg |last=Meier |date=January 5, 2005 |accessdate=January 18, 2014}} {{Subscription needed}} 16. ^{{Cite news |url=http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/muffin.jsp |title=State Muffin |publisher=State of Minnesota |accessdate=January 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116131024/http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/muffin.jsp |archive-date=2014-01-16 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 17. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1274431.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611013144/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1274431.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=June 11, 2014 |title=Highway 61 Newly Revisited; Big Business for Duluth but Bad News for Dairy Farmers Along the Midwestern Route |work=The Washington Post |first=Ed |last=Vulliamy |date=August 20, 1988 |accessdate=January 17, 2014}} {{Subscription needed}} 18. ^{{Cite news |url=http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/mushroom.jsp |title=State Mushroom |publisher=State of Minnesota |accessdate=January 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116131027/http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/mushroom.jsp |archive-date=2014-01-16 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 19. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-163000645.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611022022/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-163000645.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=June 11, 2014 |title=Outdoors Journal; Save room for the state `shroom |work=Star Tribune |first=Jim |last=Gilbert |date=May 14, 2007 |accessdate=January 15, 2014}} {{Subscription needed}} 20. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-281497829.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611013148/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-281497829.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=June 11, 2014 |title=She brought 'Grace' photo to fame |work=Star Tribune |first=Paul |last=Walsh |date=February 28, 2012 |accessdate=January 17, 2014}} {{Subscription needed}} 21. ^{{Cite news |url=http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/photograph.jsp |title=Grace official state photograph |publisher=State of Minnesota |accessdate=January 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116131012/http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/photograph.jsp |archive-date=2014-01-16 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 22. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-71722116.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611004422/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-71722116.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=June 11, 2014 |title=Legislator is seeking stamp of approval for famous photo; A resolution, introduced in the hope that "Grace" will grace the nation's mail one day, passed a House committee |work=Star Tribune |first=Mark |last=Brunswick |date=March 15, 2001 |accessdate=January 15, 2014}} {{Subscription needed}} 23. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1A1-cdfd657a8c0d4bfc91fcca521c43d952.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611013146/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1A1-cdfd657a8c0d4bfc91fcca521c43d952.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=June 11, 2014 |title=Woman who colorized 'Grace' photo dies at 95 |work=Associated Press |date=February 27, 2012 |accessdate=January 17, 2014}} {{Subscription needed}} 24. ^{{Cite news |url=http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/seal.jsp |title=State Seal |publisher=State of Minnesota |accessdate=January 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116131021/http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/seal.jsp |archive-date=2014-01-16 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 25. ^{{Cite journal |url=http://www.leg.state.mn.us/webcontent/leg/symbols/MCV_LesterSoil.pdf |journal=Minnesota Conservation Volunteer |title=Lester soil (official Minnesota state soil) |date=May–June 2013 |accessdate=February 12, 2014 |pages=64–65}} 26. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-298304150.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611004420/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-298304150.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=June 11, 2014 |title=Famed for its Dirt; Minnetrista Farm Has a Prime Example of the New State Soil, Boosting Educational Programs |work=Star Tribune |first=Eric |last=Larson |date=August 1, 2012 |accessdate=January 15, 2014}} {{Subscription needed}} 27. ^{{Cite news |url=http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/song.jsp |title=State Song |publisher=State of Minnesota |accessdate=January 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116131018/http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/song.jsp |archive-date=2014-01-16 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 28. ^{{Cite news|url=https://cla.umn.edu/music/ensembles-creative-work/marching-band/history-traditions/school-songs/minnesota-rouser |title=Minnesota Rouser |publisher=University of Minnesota |accessdate=June 26, 2017}} 29. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-176664794.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611013150/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-176664794.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=June 11, 2014 |title=Young puck fans make pitch for state sport; Two Minnetonka sixth-graders told a Senate committee of hockey's importance in the state, and the panel agreed |work=Star Tribune |date=March 6, 2008 | last=Relerford |first=Patrice |accessdate=January 17, 2014}} {{Subscription needed}} 30. ^{{Cite news |url=http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/tree.jsp |title=State Tree |publisher=State of Minnesota |accessdate=January 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116131015/http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/tree.jsp |archive-date=2014-01-16 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 31. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.sportsecyclopedia.com/nhl/minnystars/northstars.html |title=Minnesota North Stars (1967–1993) |publisher=Sportsecyclopedia.com |accessdate=February 12, 2014}} 32. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-288881216.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611021845/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-288881216.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=June 11, 2014 |title=Serving up all things political, from Minnesota to D.C. This soil stands out in its field |work=Star Tribune |date=May 6, 2012 |last=Brooks |first=Jennifer |accessdate=January 18, 2014}} 33. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news |url=http://www.leg.state.mn.us/leg/unsym.aspx/ |title=Minnesota State Symbols—Unofficial, Proposed, or Facetious |publisher=State of Minnesota |accessdate=January 18, 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6NrWUKY4q?url=http://www.leg.state.mn.us/leg/unsym.aspx/ |archivedate=March 6, 2014 |deadurl=no |df= }} 34. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1Y1-104777429.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611021843/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1Y1-104777429.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=June 11, 2014 |title=Minn. Lawmaker Lobbies for Tilt-a-Whirl |work=Associated Press |date=March 30, 2007 |accessdate=January 18, 2014}} {{Subscription needed}} 35. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-132946747.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104115848/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-132946747.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=January 4, 2007 |title=State poet? Pawlenty opts to forgo it; Laureate proposal vetoed despite strong legislative support |work=Star Tribune |date=June 1, 2005 |last1=DeFiebre |first1=Conrad |last2=Williams |first2=Sarah T. |accessdate=January 18, 2014}} 36. ^{{Cite news |url=http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/poem.jsp |title=Minnesota Blue Minnesota Poem |publisher=State of Minnesota |accessdate=January 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211024759/http://mn.gov/portal/about-minnesota/state-symbols/poem.jsp |archive-date=2013-12-11 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 37. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-318768899.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611021839/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-318768899.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=June 11, 2014 |title=State Poem: It Rhymes, but Is There Reason? Not Everyone Agrees That "Minnesota Blue," by a Hawaiian Singer-Songwriter, Should Represent the State |work=Star Tribune |first=Laurel |last=Hertzel |date=February 14, 2013 |accessdate=January 18, 2014}} {{Subscription needed}}
2 : Lists of United States state symbols by state|Minnesota culture |
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