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词条 List of most common surnames in Europe
释义

  1. Albania

  2. Armenia

  3. Austria

  4. Azerbaijan

  5. Belarus

  6. Belgium

  7. Bosnia and Herzegovina

     Bosniaks   Serbs  

  8. Bulgaria

  9. Croatia

  10. Czech Republic

  11. Denmark

  12. Estonia

  13. Faroe Islands

  14. Finland

     Most common Swedish surnames in Finland 

  15. France

  16. Georgia

  17. Germany

  18. Greece

  19. Hungary

  20. Ireland

  21. Italy

  22. Kosovo

  23. Latvia

  24. Lithuania

  25. Luxembourg

  26. Malta

  27. North Macedonia

  28. Moldova

  29. Montenegro

  30. Netherlands

  31. Norway

  32. Poland

  33. Portugal

  34. Romania

  35. Russia

  36. Serbia

  37. Slovakia

  38. Slovenia

  39. Spain

     Canary Islands 

  40. Sweden

  41. Switzerland

  42. Turkey

  43. Ukraine

  44. United Kingdom

     England  Northern Ireland  Scotland  Wales 

  45. See also

  46. Notes

  47. References

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{{use dmy dates|date=January 2013}}

This is a list of the most common surnames in Europe, sorted by country.

Notably absent from the list is Iceland, whose people use patronymics or matronymics but not surnames in the conventional sense. See Icelandic names.

Albania

{{See also|Albanian name}}

At the moment, listings for the most common names are unavailable for Albania. However the most common names include the following:

  • Common names denoting profession. Of these, religious professional names have been particularly widespread, including Hoxha (a Muslim priest, Sunni or Bektashi, with its variant Hoxhaj), Prifti (a Christian priest, Catholic or Orthodox), Shehu (a Bektashi priest) and Dervishi (Bektashi clergy). Bektashi itself is also a common surname. Ironically, Hoxha was the surname of Enver Hoxha, the leader of Communist Albania who banned all religions. There are numerous other professional names which are not as common. Begu also denotes a former ruler and also the surname(s) Gjoni or Gjonaj
  • Common names which originated as patrinomials. Common names of this sort include Leka or Lekaj (Alex), Gjoni or Gjonaj (John), Murati (Murad), Mehmeti (Mehmed), Hysi (typically short for Hussein), Gjika/Gjoka (short for Jacob, cf Jake), Marku (Mark), Kola/Kolla/Nikolla (Nicholas), Hasani (Hassan), Kristi/Kristo, Luka (Lucas), Brahimi (Abraham, from Turkish), Sinani, Thanasi (Athanasius), Halili (Halil), and Abazi (Abbas). Albanians of Muslim background often bear Christian last names (denoting former Christian origin), and those with Christian often bear Muslim last names (which many in Northern regions adopted thinking it would lead to better treatment from the Ottoman authorities), although the holders of Bektashi surnames are usually actually of Bektashi background
  • Common names which originated as place names. May denote former residence, or, if the bearer has a Muslim patrilineal background, that their ancestors ruled the place. Common places used as surnames include Dibra, Laci, Shkodra, Prishtina, Delvina, Koroveshi and Permeti, as well as the famous Frasheri surname of the Frasheri family. Additionally common some names indicate regional origins: Gega/Gegaj (for one of Gheg origin), Tosku/Toskaj (signifying Tosk origin) and Chami (for Cham origin).
  • Some common names are Northern Albanian clan names that double as place names such as Kelmendi and Shkreli. Other notable clan-origin names include Berisha, Krasniqi and Gashi. These sorts of names are very common in far Northern Albania and in Kosovo.
  • Colors: of which Kuqi (red) and Bardhi (white) are the most commonly used as surnames.

Armenia

Rank Name Romanization Meaning
1Հովհաննիսյան}} Hovhannisyan Son of Hovhannes (John)
2Հարությունյան}} Harutyunyan Son of Harutyun ("resurrection")
3Սարգսյան}} Sargsyan Son of Sargis (Sergius)
4Խաչատրյան}} Khachatryan Son of Khachatur ("given by cross")
5Գրիգորյան}} Grigoryan Son of Grigor (Gregory)

Austria

The forty-one most common surnames in Austria as published in 2006 are shown below beside the approximate percentage of the Austrian population sharing each surname.[1]

Rank Name Meaning Approximate percentage
1 Gruber miner 0.3991
2 Huber land-owning farmer 0.3873
3 Bauer farmer 0.3373
4 Wagner wainwright 0.3100
5 Müller miller 0.3012
6 Pichler 'one who lives on or by a hill' 0.2753
7 Steiner 'one who dwells by the stone' 0.2713
8 Moser 'moss person' 0.2674
9 Mayer a privileged farmer 0.2653
10 Hofer probably for steward, property or horse maintenance, even blacksmith or related 0.2479
11 Leitner 'one who lives at a hillside' 0.2429
12 Berger mountaineer 0.2383
13 Fuchs fox 0.2250
14 Eder 'one who lives in a barren land 0.2144
15 Fischer fisher 0.2141
16 Schmid blacksmith 0.2115
17 Winkler an owner of a small shop 0.2015
18 Weber weaver 0.1995
19 Schwarz black 0.1961
20 Maier farmer 0.1946
21 Schneider tailor 0.1915
22 Reiter rider (only horses, no bikes) 0.1790
23 Mayr farmer 0.1751
24 Schmidt blacksmith 0.1740
25 Wimmer vintner 0.1628
26 Egger ploughman 0.1610
27 Brunner 'water well person' 0.1602
28 Lang long 0.1599
29 Baumgartner 'tree gardener' 0.1586
30 Auer 0.1555
31 Binder cooper 0.1458
32 Lechner 0.1435
33 Wolf wolf 0.1395
34 Wallner 0.1394
35 Aigner allodial title 0.1386
36 Ebner 0.1342
37 Koller 0.1301
38 Lehner a function in feudalism 0.1268
39 Haas 0.1261
40 Schuster shoemaker 0.1168
41 Heilig holy 0.1161

Azerbaijan

Rank[2] Name Romanization Meaning
1 Məmmədov Mammadov "Son of Mammad"
2 Əliyev Aliyev "Son of Ali"
3 Hüseynov Huseynov "Son of Hüseyn"
4 Həsənov Hasanov "Son of Hasan"
5 Quliyev Guliyev "Son of Qulu"
6 İsmayılov Ismayilov "Son of Ismayil"
7 Əhmədov Ahmadov "Son of Ahmad"
8 Abdullayev Abdullayev "Son of Abdulla"
9 Abbasov Abbasov "Son of Abbas"
10 Cəfərov Jafarov "Son of Jafar"

Belarus

Statistics available for Belarusian capital Minsk only:[3]

Rank Surname in Russian Surname in Belarusian Romanization Population
1 Иванов Іваноў Ivanoŭ 7,000
2 Козлов Казлоў Kazloŭ 4,700
3 Ковалёв Кавалёў Kavalioŭ 4,300
4 Козловский Казлоўскі Kazloŭski 3,900
5 Новик Новік Novik 3,300

Belgium

Belgium is a European nation composed of three main regions: Flemish Region (Flanders), Walloon Region (Wallonia), and Brussels-Capital Region. The Flemish region has a Dutch language tradition, while the Walloon region has a French language tradition. These different linguistic backgrounds are reflected in differing frequencies of surnames, as shown in the table below. (data from 1 January 2008; total population: 10,666,866)[4][5]
National Rank Name Number of people Rank (Flanders) Rank (Wallonia) Rank (Brussels)
1 Peeters 32,657 1 67 2
2 Janssens 30,296 2 56 1
3 Maes 25,524 3 63 8
4 Jacobs 19,999 4 97 4
5 Mertens 18,518 6 72 5
6 Willems 18,498 5 68 17
7 Claes 16,553 7 43
8 Goossens 15,883 9 15
9 Wouters 15,732 8 35
10 De Smet 14,259 10 25
13 Dubois 12,975 1 3
17 Lambert 11,802 2 11
21 Dupont 10,369 4 12
31 Martin 9,008 3 10
37 Simon 7,774 5 13

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosniaks

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
  • Hodžić ('Imam')
  • Hadžić ('Hajji')
  • Čengić (Turkish for Genghis)
  • Delić
  • Demirović ('son of Demir')
  • Kovačević ('son of the blacksmith')
  • Tahirović ('son of Tahir')
  • Ferhatović ('son of Ferhat')
  • Muratović ('son of Murat')
  • Ibrahimović ('son of Ibrahim')
  • Hasanović ('son of Hasan')
  • Mehmedović ('son of Mehmed')
  • Salihović ('son of Salih')
  • Terzić ('tailor')
  • Ademović ('son of Adem')
  • Adilović ('son of Adil')
  • Delemović
  • Zukić
  • Krličević
  • Suljić ('son of Salomon/Suliman')
  • Ahmetović ('Son of Ahmad')
{{div col end}}

Serbs

The following names are the most common names for Serbs from Bosnia.[6]

{{div col |colwidth=22em}}
  • Kovačević ('son of the blacksmith')
  • Subotić ('Saturday')
  • Savić ('son of Sava')
  • Popović ('son of the priest')
  • Jovanović ('son of Jovan')
  • Petrović ('son of Petar')
  • Đurić ('son of Đura')
  • Babić ('grandmother'/'old woman')
  • Lukić ('son of Luka')
  • Knežević ('son of the prince')
  • Marković ('son of Marko')
  • Ilić ('son of Ilija')
  • Đukić ('son of Đuka')
  • Vuković ('son of Vuk')
  • Vujić ('son of Vujo')
  • Simić ('son of Simo')
  • Radić ('son of Rade')
  • Nikolić ('son of Nikola')
  • Marić ('son of Mara')
  • Mitrović ('son of Mitar')
  • Tomić ('son of Toma/Tomo')
  • Božić ('son of Božo')
  • Golubović ('dove'/'pigeon')
  • Mirković ('son of Mirko')
{{div col end}}

Bulgaria

{{See also|Bulgarian name}}

Feminized names included (m. Dimitrov - f. Dimitrova).

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
  • Dimitrov ('Dimitar's')
  • Petrov ('Petar's')
  • Ivanov ('Ivan's')
  • Stoyanov ('Stoyan's')
  • Stefanov ('Stefan's')
  • Boyanov ('Boyan's')
  • Trifonov ('Trifon's')
  • Tasev
  • Metodiev ('Metodiy's')
  • Iliev ('Iliya's')
  • Gospodinov ('Gospodin's')
  • Apostolov ('Apostol's')
  • Hristov
  • Hasanov ('Hasan's')
  • Nikolov (Nikola's')
  • Bojidarov ('Bojidar's')
  • Stoichkov
  • Yanev ('Yane's')
  • Yankov ('Yanko's')
  • Stoev
  • Konstantinov ('Konstantin's')
  • Grigorov ('Grigor's')
  • Gruev
  • Georgiev ('Georgi's')
  • Mihaylov ('Mikhail's')
  • Blagoev ('Blagoy's')
{{div col end}}

Croatia

Rank[7][8][9] Frequency Surname Surname derivation[10]
1 {{nts|21618}} Horvat ethnic name for a Croat
2 {{nts|15160}} Kovačević patronymic, from kovač "blacksmith"
3 {{nts|12840}} Babić matronymic, or nickname, from baba "(old) woman", "grandmother"
4 {{nts|11555}} Marić 1. matronymic, from Mara - short variant of Marija "Mary"; 2. patronymic, from Maro - short variant of Marije "Marius" or Marijan "Marianus"
5 {{nts|11163}} Jurić patronymic, from Jure or Juro - regional variants of Juraj "George"
6 {{nts|10794}} Novak 1. a newcomer, from novy "new"; 2. topographic name, for peasant who settled on newly cleared land
7 {{nts|10546}} Kovačić patronymic, from kovač "blacksmith"
8 {{nts|10334}} Knežević from knez "prince" or "duke"
9 {{nts|10191}} Vuković patronymic, from Vuk - ancient Slavic name meaning "wolf"
10 {{nts|9854}} Marković patronymic, from Marko "Marcus"
11 {{nts|9614}} Petrović patronymic, from Petar and Peter
12 {{nts|9960}} Matić patronymic, from Matija "Matthias" or Matej "Matthew"; or possibly from their short variants Mate or Mato
13 {{nts|9464}} Tomić patronymic, from Tomo or Toma "Thomas"
14 {{nts|8601}} Pavlović patronymic, from Pavao, Pavle, and Pavel "Paul"
15 {{nts|8542}} Kovač occupational name, from kovač "blacksmith"
16 {{nts|8258}} Božić patronymic, from Božo (from bozhy meaning of God)
17 {{nts|8152}} Blažević patronymic, from Blaž lat. Blasius "Blaise"
18 {{nts|8010}} Grgić patronymic, from Grga or Grgo - short variants of Grgur "Gregory"
19 {{nts|7538}} Pavić patronymic, from Pavo - short or regional variant of Pavao "Paul"
20 {{nts|7406}} Radić patronymic, from Rade (Slavic name meaning happy)
21 {{nts|7351}} Perić patronymic, from Pero (Peter)
22 {{nts|7321}} Filipović patronymic, from Filip
23 {{nts|7184}} Šarić
24 {{nts|7131}} Lovrić patronymic, from Lovro (Lawrence)
25 {{nts|6986}} Vidović patronymic, from Vid (Vitus)
26 {{nts|6903}} Perković patronymic, from Perko (Peter)
27 {{nts|6797}} Popović patronymic, from Pop (priest)
28 {{nts|6760}} Bošnjak ethnic name for a Bosniak
29 {{nts|6653}} Jukić patronymic, from Juko or Juka - regional variants of Juraj "George"
30 {{nts|6417}} Barišić patronymic, from Bariša - short or regional variant of Bartol, Bartul, Bartolomej "Bartholomew"

Czech Republic

Feminized names are included (m. Novák/f. Nováková). Figures are from 2009 and provided by Czech Ministry of the Interior.

Statistic of the Czech Republic surnames[11][12][13]
Rank Name Meaning Number of males Number of females
1 Novák/Nováková new man/woman 34,168 35,558
2 Svoboda/Svobodová freeholder 25,292 26,569
3 Novotný/Novotná newman 24,320 25,328
4 Dvořák/Dvořáková grange owner 22,299 23,445
5 Černý/Černá black man/woman 17,813 18,504
6 Procházka/Procházková walker 16,074 16,817
7 Kučera/Kučerová curly man/woman 15,187 15,689
8 Veselý/Veselá cheerful, merry man/woman 12,882 13,494
9 Horák/Horáková highlander 12,165 12,796
10 Němec/Němcová German 11,192 11,563

Denmark

Nineteen of the twenty most common Danish surnames as of 1 January 2016 are patronymic ending in Norse -sen ("son of"), the only exception being Møller (Miller).[14]

  1. Nielsen – 255,138
  2. Jensen – 254,675
  3. Hansen – 213,339
  4. Pedersen – 161,074
  5. Andersen – 157,753
  6. Christensen – 118,117
  7. Larsen – 114,711
  8. Sørensen – 109,746
  9. Rasmussen – 93,723
  10. Jørgensen – 87,466
  11. Petersen – 78,329
  12. Madsen – 63,723
  13. Kristensen – 60,116
  14. Olsen – 47,579
  15. Thomsen – 39,117
  16. Christiansen – 36,656
  17. Poulsen – 31,874
  18. Johansen – 31,001
  19. Møller – 30,059
  20. Mortensen – 29,258

Estonia

Data from 2008.[15]

Names of Estonian origin:

Rank# Surname Meaning
1 5,241 Tamm oak
2 4,352 Saar island/ash (tree)
3 3,624 Sepp smith
4 3,613 Mägi hill, mountain
5 2,847 Kask birch
6 2,728 Kukk rooster
7 2,265 Rebane fox
8 2,165 Ilves lynx
9 1,933 Pärn linden tree
10 1,882 Koppel paddock

Names of Russian origin:

Rank# Surname
1 6,789 Ivanov
2 3,402 Smirnov
3 3,153 Vassiljev
4 2,932 Petrov
5 2,339 Kuznetsov
6 1,968 Mihhailov
7 1,927 Pavlov
8 1,909 Semjonov
9 1,862 Andrejev
10 1,845 Aleksejev

Faroe Islands

The 20 most common surnames in the Faroe Islands as published in 2009 are shown below beside the number of people of the Faroese population sharing each surname.[16]

Rank Name Number of individuals
1 Joensen 2,512
2 Hansen 2,339
3 Jacobsen 2,169
4 Olsen 1,784
5 Poulsen 1,400
6 Petersen 1,312
7 Johannesen 1,091
8 Thomsen 722
9 Nielsen 682
10 Johansen 584
Rank Name Number of individuals
11 Rasmussen 565
12 Simonsen 543
13 Djurhuus 528
14 Jensen 523
15 Danielsen 518
16 Mortensen 488
17 Mikkelsen 457
18 Dam 433
19 Højgaard 429
20 Andreasen 420

Finland

Rank Surname Meaning Population Percentage[17]
1 Korhonen Uncertain meaning; see article 23,312 0.425
2 Virtanen virta = stream 23,020 0.420
3 Mäkinen mäki = hill 21,014 0.383
4 Nieminen niemi = cape 20,969 0.382
5 Mäkelä hill place 19,538 0.356
6 Hämäläinen Tavastian, comes from Tavastia 19,129 0.349
7 Laine wave 18,752 0.342
8 Heikkinen first name Heikki, "Henry", "Henrik" 17,926 0.327
9 Koskinen koski = rapids 17,737 0.324
10 Järvinen järvi = lake 16,802 0.306
11 Lehtonen lehto = grove 16,649 0.304
12 Lehtinen lehti = leaf 15,602 0.285
13 Saarinen saari = island 15,295 0.279
14 Salminen salmi = strait 15,087 0.275
15 Heinonen heinä = hay 14,957 0.273
16 Niemi cape 14,951 0.273
17 Heikkilä first name Heikki, "Henry", "Henrik" 14,558 0.266
18 Kinnunen from Swedish word skinnare = skinner 14,319 0.261
19 Salonen salo = backwoods 14,270 0.260
20 Turunen turku = market, selling place, nowadays only the name of a city (Turku) 13,802 0.252
21 Salo backwoods 13,487 0.246
22 Laitinen laita = side, margin 13,085 0.239
23 Tuominen tuomi = bird cherry 12,852 0.234
24 Rantanen ranta = shore, beach 12,834 0.234
25 Karjalainen Karelian, comes from Karelia 12,830 0.234
26 Jokinen joki = river 12,514 0.228
27 Mattila first name Matti, "Matt", "Mathew", -la = place 12,330 0.225
28 Savolainen Savonian, comes from Savonia 11,592 0.211
29 Lahtinen lahti = bay 11,470 0.209
30 Ahonen aho = meadow 11,238 0.205

Most of the names on this list are typical examples of surnames that were adopted when modern surnames were introduced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries In the romantic spirit, they refer to natural features: virta "river", koski "rapids", mäki "hill", järvi "lake", saari "island" — often with the suffix -nen added after the model of older, mainly eastern Finnish surnames such as Korhonen and Heikkinen. "Hämäläinen" literally means an inhabitant of Häme. The suffix -nen is an adjective ending.

Most common Swedish surnames in Finland

Rank Surname Population Percentage[17]
1 Johansson 8,679 0.158
2 Nyman 7,552 0.138
3 Lindholm 7,382 0.135
4 Karlsson 7,096 0.129
5 Andersson 6,403 0.117

France

Rank[18]#SurnameMeaning
1 235,846 Martin son of Martin
2 105,132 Bernard son of Bernard
3 95,998 Dubois one who dwells in the woods
4 95,387 Thomas son of Thomas
5 91,393 Robert son of Robert
6 90,689 Richard son of Richard
7 88,318 Petit short
8 84,252 Durand
9 78,868 Leroy one called a king
10 78,177 Moreau dark complexion
11 76,655 Simon son of Simon
12 75,307 Laurent son of Laurent
13 74,564 Lefebvre blacksmith
14 74,318 Michel son of Michel
15 68,720 Garcia
16 61,762 David son of David
17 59,817 Bertrand son of Bertrand
18 59,440 Roux redhead
19 57,351 Vincent son of Vincent
20 57,047 Fournier baker
21 56,760 Morel dark complexion
22 55,642 Girard son of Gérard
23 55,228 André son of André
24 53,670 Lefèvre blacksmith
25 53,622 Mercier one trading in textiles
26 53,405 Dupont one who dwells by a bridge
27 51,543 Lambert son of Lambert
28 50,999 Bonnet
29 50,612 François son of François
30 49,762 Martinez

Georgia

{{main|List of Georgian surnames}}
Rank Name Romanization Total Number[19]
(2018)
1 ბერიძე Beridze 29,173
2 მამედოვი Mamedovi 28,358
3 ალიევი Alievi 19,327
4 კაპანაძე Kapanadze 19,257
5 გელაშვილი Gelashvili 18,310
6 მაისურაძე Maisuradze 16,198
7 გიორგაძე Giorgadze 14,162
8 ლომიძე Lomidze 13,062
9 წიკლაური Tsiklauri 13,019
10 ბოლქვაძე Bolkvadze 12,824

Germany

{{Main|List of the most common surnames in Germany}}
Rank Surname Meaning Percentage[20]
1 Müller miller 0.95[21]
2 Schmidt blacksmith 0.69[22]
3 Schneider tailor 0.40
4 Fischer fisher 0.35
5 Meyer farmer, originally estate administrator (lit. "mayor") 0.33[23]
6 Weber weaver 0.30
7 Schulz constable or mayor 0.27
8 Wagner wainwright, worn-down form of 'wagoner', one who makes wagons/wheels 0.27
9 Becker baker 0.27
10 Hoffmann 'man of the court' 0.26

Greece

{{See also|Greek name}}

The majority of Greek names are patronymic. There are also several names derived from professions (Samaras, Σαμαράς = saddle maker, Papoutsis, Παπουτσής = shoe maker), area of (former) residence (Kritikos, Κρητικός = from Crete, Aivaliotis, Αϊβαλιώτης= from Ayvalik), nicknames relating to physical or other characteristics (Kontos, Κοντός = short, Mytaras, Μυταράς = large-nosed, Koufos, Κουφός = deaf) and more.

The patronymic suffix varies between dialects; thus Giannidis, Giannakos, Giannatos, Giannopoulos, Giannelis, Giannioglou all mean "son of Giannis."[24]

Hungary

Rank[25][27] #SurnameMeaning
1 235,400 (2.4%) Nagy Big
2 228,210 (2.3%) Horváth Croat
3 217,359 (2.2%) Kovács Smith (occupational name)
4 209,549 (2.1%) Szabó Tailor (occupational name)
5 206,954 (2.1%) Tóth Slavic (non-Orthodox)
6 137,847 (1.4%) Varga Leatherworker (occupational name)
7 131,435 (1.3%) Kiss Small
8 106,942 (1.1%) Molnár Miller (occupational name)
9 91,878 (0.9%) Németh German/Germanic
10 83,188 (0.8%) Farkas Wolf
11 80,575 (0.8%) Balogh Left-handed
12 52,766 (0.5%) Papp Priest (occupational name)
13 52,131 (0.5%) Takács Weaver (occupational name)
14 51,224 (0.5%) Juhász Shepherd (occupational name)
15 47,151 (0.5%) Lakatos Locksmith (occupational name)
16 40,079 (0.4%) Mészáros Butcher (occupational name)
17 38,330 (0.4%) Oláh Vlach/Romanian
18 37,960 (0.4%) Simon Simon
19 35,008 (0.4%) Rácz Serb, South Slavic
20 34,496 (0.3%) Fekete Black(-haired)

2,095,788 individuals (21% of the population) bear the most common 20 names, and 3,347,493 individuals (33.5%) bearing the top 100 names.

Ireland

{{See also|Irish name}}

The prevalence of some of these names is the result of more than one distinct Irish language names being represented by the same anglicised version.

# Surname Modern Irish Original Irish Meaning
1 Murphy Ó Murchú Ó Murchadha
Mac Murchaidh 		Descendant of Murchadh (a personal name meaning "Sea hound/warrior")
2 (O')Kelly Ó Ceallaigh Descendant of Ceallach ("strife")
3 (O')Sullivan Ó Súilleabháin Descendant of Súilleabhán ("dark-eyed one", "one-eyed" or "hawk-eyed")
4 Walsh Breathnach Breatnach "Breton", "Welshman"
5 Smith Mac Gabhann Son of a smith
6 O'Brien Ó Briain Descendant of Brian
7 (O')Byrne Ó Broin Descendant of Bran
8 (O')Ryan Ó Riain Ó Riain
Ó Maoilriain
Ó Ruaidhín 		Descendant of Rian (possibly meaning "king")
Descendant of Maoilriaghan ("bald king")
Descendant of Ruaidhín ("little red-haired one")
9 O'Connor Ó Conchúir Ó Conchobhair Descendant of Conchobhar ("hound/chief assistance")
10 O'Neill Ó Néill Descendant of Niall (possibly meaning "cloud", "passionate" or "champion")
11 (O')Reilly Ó Raghallaigh Descendant of Raghallach
12 Doyle Ó Dubhghaill Descendant of Dubhghall ("dark-haired foreigner")
13 McCarthy Mac Cárthaigh Son of Cárthach ("loving")
14 (O')Gallagher Ó Gallchóir Ó Gallchobhair Descendant of Gallchobhar ("foreign assistance")
15 (O')Doherty Ó Dochartaigh Descendant of Dochartach ("hurtful")
16 Kennedy Ó Cinnéide Ó Ceannéidigh Descendant of Cinnéide ("adorned head") [26]
17 Lynch Ó Loingsigh Descendant of Loingseach ("longboat")
18 Murray Ó Muireadhaigh Mac Muireadhaigh
Mac Giolla Mhuire 		Descendant of Muireadhach ("chieftain")
Descendant of a servant of Mary
19 (O')Quinn Ó Cuinn/Coinne Descendant of Conn ("hound/chief")
20 (O')Moore Ó Mórdha Descendant of Mórdha ("majestic")

Names starting with O' and Mac/Mc were originally patronymic. Of the names above, with the exception of Smith and Walsh, all originally began with O' or Mac/Mc but many have lost this prefix over time. Mac/Mc, meaning Son, and Ó, meaning From, are used by sons born into the family. In the case of a daughter being born into the family she would use Ní/Nic, for example Ó Muireadhaigh becomes Ní Mhuireadhaigh. A woman who marries into the family and takes her husband's name uses Uí/Mic- e.g. Uí Mhuireadhaigh.[27][28]

Italy

{{See also|Italian name}}

From Mappa dei Cognomi website.[29]

Rank Name Frequency Meaning
1 Rossi 60.487 Red (Northern and Central Italy)
2 Russo 42.877 Red (Southern Italy)
3 Ferrari 33.707 Blacksmith
4 Esposito 31.980 Exposed (abandoned child)
5 Bianchi 25.121 White
6 Romano 24.062 Roman
7 Colombo 23.484 Dove (abandoned child)
8 Bruno 20.509 Brown
9 Ricci 19.879 Curly
10 Greco 18.225 Greek
11 Marino 17.939 Marine, seaman
12 Gallo 17.622 Rooster
13 De Luca 17.438 Son of luke
14 Conti 17.173 Count
15 Costa 16.875 Coast
16 Mancini 16.784 Left handed
17 Giordano 16.636 Jordan
18 Rizzo 16.394 Curly
19 Lombardi 15.220 Lombard
20 Barbieri 14.304 Barber
21 Moretti 14.255 Brown (diminutive form)
22 Fontana 14.214 Fountain
23 Caruso 13.756 Boy, apprentice
24 Mariani 13.652 Marian
25 Ferrara 13.236 Blacksmith
26 Santoro 13.141 Sanctorum omnium (all saints' day)
27 Rinaldi 12.861 Reynold
28 Leone 12.661 Lion
29 D'Angelo 12.620 Son of Angelo
30 Longo 12.273 Long
31 Galli 12.240 Roosters
32 Martini 12.090 Martin
33 Martinelli 11.819 Martin (diminutive)
34 Serra 11.484 Saw (carpenter)
35 Conte 11.347 Count
36 Vitale 11.266 Vitale (given name)
37 De Santis 11.208 Of the Saints
38 Marchetti 11.115
39 Messina 11.113 Messina
40 Gentile 11.019 Gentle
41 Villa 11.011
42 Marini 10.875
43 Lombardo 10.803 Lombard
44 Coppola 10.783
45 Ferri 10.679 Iron's
46 Parisi 10.675
47 De Angelis 10.509 Of the angels
48 Bianco 10.467 White
49 Amato 10.449 Beloved
50 Fabbri 10.330 Blacksmith
51 Gatti 10.303 Cats
52 Sala 10.283 Sala
53 Morelli 10.181
54 Grasso 10.076 Fat
55 Pellegrini 10.027 Pilgrims
56 Ferraro 10.020 Blacksmith
57 Monti 10.007 mountains
58 Palumbo 9.775 Pigeon
59 Grassi 9.749 Fat
60 Testa 9.728 Head
61 Valentini 9.435
62 Carbone 9.293 Coal
63 Benedetti 9.258 Blessed/Son of Benedict
64 Silvestri 9.250 Son of Sylvester
65 Farina 9.168 Flour (occupational surname)
66 D'Amico 9.125 Son of Amico
67 Martino 8.877 Martin
68 Bernardi 8.849 Barnard
69 Caputo 8.826 big headed
70 Mazza 8.756
71 Sanna 8.740
72 Fiore 8.734 Flower
73 De Rosa 8.727 From the rose
74 Pellegrino 8.678 Pilgrim
75 Giuliani 8.647 Son of Julian
76 Rizzi 8.594 Curly
77 Di Stefano 8.521 Son of Steven
78 Cattaneo 8.479 Captain
79 Rossetti 8.454
80 Orlando 8.423
81 Basile 8.368 Basil
82 Neri 8.358 Black
83 Barone 8.344 Baron
84 Palmieri 8.297 Palmer
85 Riva 8.203 Shore
86 Romeo 8.074
87 Franco 8.047 Frank
88 Sorrentino 8.017 From Sorrento
89 Pagano 8.007 Pagan
90 D'Agostino 7.904 Son of Augustin
91 Piras 7.889 Pear tree (Sardinia)
92 Ruggiero 7.812 Rodger
93 Montanari 7.795 Highlander
94 Battaglia 7.713 Fight
95 Bellini 7.690
96 Castelli 7.671 Castles
97 Guerra 7.572 War
98 Poli 7.538
99 Valente 7.493
100 Ferretti 7.489

Kosovo

{{unreferenced section|date=March 2018}}{{Kosovo-note}}

These statistics are based on the Kosovo Agency of Statistics report on names and surnames in Kosovo, which took place in 2017.[30]

Rank Surname Number of individuals
1 Krasniqi 58,199
2 Gashi 57,396
3 Berisha 43,727
4 Morina 27,222
5 Shala 25,585
6 Bytyqi 18,840
7 Hasani 13,187
8 Kastrati 13,015
9 Kryeziu 12,882
10 Hoti 12,709
Rank Name Number of individuals
1 Fatime 8,626
2 Bajram 6,324
3 Emine 5,622
4 Bekim 5,470
5 Afërdita 5,226
6 Valon 5,207
7 Egzon 5,180
8 Arben 5,114
9 Ramadan 5,110
10 Muhamet 5,047

Latvia

Rank[31][32]SurnameMeaning
1 Bērziņš birch (diminutive)
2 Kalniņš hill (diminutive)
3 Ozoliņš oak (diminutive)
4 Jansons son of Jānis (Germanized)
5 Ozols oak
6 Liepiņš linden (diminutive)
7 Krūmiņš bush (diminutive)
8 Balodis pigeon
9 Eglītis fir (diminutive)
10 Zariņš branch (diminutive)
11 Pētersons son of Pēteris (Germanized)
12 Vītols willow
13 Kļaviņš maple (diminutive)
14 Kārkliņš willow (diminutive form of Kārkls)
15 Vanags hawk

Lithuania

Lithuania, 2015[33]
RankMenThe Lithuanian language has different endings for surnames for men and women. The ending of a woman's surname indicates whether she is married or not. Last names of married women end in -ienė while those of unmarried girls end in -ytė, -iūtė, -utė, -aitė.{{Citation needed|date=December 2009|group=noteMeaning
1 Kazlauskas Kazlauskienė
2 Jankauskas Jankauskienė Of John
3 Petrauskas Petrauskienė Of Peter
4 Stankevičius Stankevičienė
5 Vasiliauskas Vasiliauskienė Of Vasil
6 Butkus Butkienė
7 Žukauskas Žukauskienė
8 Paulauskas Paulauskienė Of Paul
9 Urbonas Urbonienė
10 Kavaliauskas Kavaliauskienė Blacksmith

Luxembourg

Out of 236,000 entries in the EDITUS phone book:

Rank[34]#Surname
1 1929 Schmit
2 1473 Muller
3 1380 Weber
4 1335 Hoffmann
5 1300 Wagner
6 1027 Thill
7 939 Schmitz
8 793 Schroeder
9 712 Reuter
10 706 Klein
11 674 Becker
12 660 Kieffer
13 650 Kremer
14 610 Faber
15 556 Meyer
16 550 Schneider
17 543 Weiss
18 538 Schiltz
19 537 Simon
20 533 Welter
21 504 Hansen
22 496 Majerus
23 467 Ries
24 459 Meyers
25 451 Kayser
26 441 Steffen
27 438 Krier
28 421 Braun
29 411 Wagener
30 405 Diederich

Malta

Rank[35]%#Surname
1 3.3 13,610 Borg
2 3.1 13,090 Camilleri
3 2.9 12,192 Vella
4 2.9 11,953 Farrugia
5 2.3 9,769 Zammit
6 2.1 8,767 Galea
7 2.1 8,677 Micallef
8 2.0 8,178 Grech
9 1.8 7,680 Attard
10 1.8 7,316 Spiteri

North Macedonia

{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2016}}{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
  • Andov – son of Ande
  • Angelov – son of Angel
  • Bogdanov – son of Bogdan
  • Bozinov – son of Bozhin
  • Brankov – son of Branko
  • Damcevski
  • Davidov – son of David
  • Dimitrov – son of Dimitar
  • Donev – son of Doncho
  • Filipov – son of Filip
  • Georgiev – son of Georgi
  • Ivanov – son of Ivan
  • Ivanovski – son of Ivan
  • Janev – son of Jane
  • Kitanovski
  • Koloski
  • Kostovski – son of Kosta
  • Kostov
  • Manasievski – son of Manas
  • Markov – son of Marko
  • Markovski
  • Markoski
  • Matovski – son of Mato
  • Mladenovski – son of Mladen
  • Nikolovski – son of Nikola
  • Pavlovski
  • Penov – son of Peni
  • Petkov – son of Petko
  • Petrevski – son of Petar
  • Petrovski
  • Popoff – Priest
  • Popovski
  • Ristevski – son of Risto
  • Stojanov – son of Stojan
  • Trajanoski – son of Trajan
  • Trajanovski
  • Trajcevski
  • Trajkovski
{{div col end}}

Moldova

Rank Surname Meaning Total number of families[36]
1 Rusu from Rus 23,028
2 Ceban shepherd 20,929
3 Ciobanu shepherd 17,167
4 Țurcan (archaic) farmer 16,984
5 Cebotari shoemaker 15,464
6 Sîrbu Serb 14,171
7 Lungu long 14,090
8 Munteanu from the mountain 13,904
9 Rotari from roată = wheel 13,511
10 Popa priest 12,923
11 Ursu bear 11,456
12 Guțu dove 11,433
13 Roșca red-haired, ginger 11,194
14 Melnic miller 10,632
15 Cojocari coat crafter 10,526

Montenegro

Rank Surname Meaning[37]
1 Popović priest
2 Marković son of Marko
3 Vujović son of Vujo
4 Radović son of Rado
5 Ivanović son of Ivan
6 Radulović son of Radul or Radule
7 Jovanović son of Jovan
8 Perović son of Pero
9 Vuković Son of Vuk (Vuk means wolf)
10 Kovačević Blacksmith

Netherlands

{{see also|Dutch name|List of Dutch family names}}

The most recent complete count of surnames in the Netherlands is based on the September 2007 county registrations.

Rank Name Number in 2007 Percent Number in 1947 English equivalent or (when lacking) meaning
1 De Jong86,534 0.53%55,256 the young
2 Jansen75,699 0.46%49,213 Johnson
3 De Vries73,157 0.45%49,298 the Frisian
4 Van den Berg *60,130 0.37%37,678 of/from the mountain
5 Van Dijk, Van Dyk57,944 0.35%36,578 of/from the dike
6 Bakker56,864 0.35%37,483 Baker
7 Janssen55,394 0.34%32,824 Johnson
8 Visser50,929 0.31%34,721 Fisher
9 Smit43,493 0.27%29,783 Smith
10 Meijer, Meyer41,497 0.25%28,256 Bailiff or steward
11 De Boer39,576 0.24%25,662 the farmer
12 Mulder37,250 0.23%24,665 Miller
13 De Groot37,221 0.23%24,724 The big/great/large
14 Bos36,478 0.22%23,790 Bush or Woods
15 Vos31,154 0.19%19,461 Fox
16 Peters30,864 0.19%18,583 Peters
17 Hendriks30,199 0.18%18,538 Henderson
18 Van Leeuwen28,774 0.18%17,754 From Leeuwen/Leuven; Levi (leeuwen is the plural of lion)
19 Dekker28,682 0.17%18,782 Thatcher
20 Brouwer26,224 0.16%17,468 Brewer
21 De Wit24,904 0.15%15,156 the white
22 Dijkstra24,175 0.15%15,647 (Frisian) of/from the dike
23 Smits23,816 0.15%15,151 Smith
24 De Graaf21,699 0.13%13,718 The count/earl/administrator
25 Van der Meer21,354 0.13%13,011 of/from the lake

If closely related names are combined, the top 15 become:

Name Number of people
1 Jansen, Janssen, Janse135,003
2 de Jong, de Jonge, de Jongh, Jong108,240
3 Smit, Smits, Smid, de Smit, Smet, Smith76,604
4 de Vries, Vries, de Vriese74,058
5 vd Berg, vd Bergh, vd Berge, vd Bergen*69,080
6 Visser, Visscher, Vissers, de Visser68,952
7 van Dijk, van Dyk, Dijk, van Dijck64,070
8 Bakker, Bekker, de Bakker, Backer62,183
9 de Boer, Boer, den Boer, van de Boer57,072
10 Mulder, Muller, Müller, Mulders, de Mulder52,394
11 Peters, Peeters, Pieters, Peterse, Peter52,389
12 vd Veen, vd Ven, van Veen, van 't Veen *49,935
13 Bos, Bosch, de Bos47,995
14 Meijer, Meyer, Meijers47,761
15 de Groot, Groot, de Groote47,511

* "vd" stands for "van de", "van den", or "van der"

Source: Nederlands Repertorium van Familienamen, Meertens-Instituut, 1963-2009. Data can be viewed in the Corpus of Family Names in the Netherlands

See specifically De top 100 van de familienamen in Nederland (Dutch)

Names ending in -stra or -ma are usually of Frisian origin. For example, Terpstra, Bijlsma, Halsema.

Names ending in -ink or -ing are usually of Low Saxon origin. For example, Hiddink, Meyerink, Mentink.

Norway

Rank[38]#SurnameMeaning
1 53,011 Hansen patronymic; son of Hans
2 50,088 Johansen patronymic; son of Johan or Johannes
3 49,303 Olsen patronymic; son of Olav, Ole, Olaf or Ola
4 37.869 Larsen patronymic; son of Lars, Lauritz or Laurits
5 37,206 Andersen patronymic; son of Anders (or Andres)
6 35,402 Pedersen patronymic; son of Peder, (Petter, Peter or Per)
7 34,941 Nilsen patronymic; son of Nils (or Niels)
8 23,595 Kristiansen patronymic; son of Kristian (or Christian)
9 23,079 Jensen patronymic; son of Jens
10 21,330 Karlsen patronymic; son of Karl (or Carl)
11 20,755 Johnsen patronymic; son of John (or Jon)
12 20,226 Pettersen patronymic; son of Petter, (Peter, Peder or Per)
13 19,241 Eriksen patronymic; son of Erik, (Eirik or Erich)
14 18,133 Berg toponymic; a hill
15 14,392 Haugen toponymic; the mound
16 14,126 Hagen toponymic; the garden
17 13,387 Johannessen patronymic; son of Johannes (or Johan)
18 12,139 Andreassen patronymic; son of Andreas
19 11,925 Jacobsen patronymic; son of Jacob (or Jakob)
20 11,540 Dahl toponymic; a valley
21 11,481 Jørgensen patronymic; son of Jørgen
22 11,477 Halvorsen patronymic; son of Halvor (or Hallvard)
23 11,364 Henriksen patronymic; son of Henrik (or Henrich)
24 11,282 Lund toponymic; a grove

Poland

Rank Surname Meaning Population[39]
1 Nowak "newman" 207,348
2 Kowalski from kowal "smith" 140,471
3 Wiśniewski from wiśnia "cherry" 111,174
4 Wójcik from wójt, a noun describing chief officer of a municipality (gmina), from a popular name Wojciech; from the word "wojak" (warrior) 100,064
5 Kowalczyk from kowal "smith", literally "smith's son" 98,739
6 Kamiński from kamień "stone" 95,816
7 Lewandowski from lawenda "lavender" 93,404
8 Zieliński from zielony "green"; from zioło, ziele "herb" 91,522
9 Szymański from Szymon, equivalent to Simon 89,698
10 Woźniak from woźny, "usher" 89,015
11 Dąbrowski from dąbrowa "oak grove" 87,304
12 Kozłowski from kozioł "buck" 76,657
13 Jankowski from Janek, a diminutive of John 69,280
14 Mazur Formerly, 'a man from Masuria' 68,090
15 Kwiatkowski from kwiatek "flower (dim.)" 66,917
16 Wojciechowski from the name Wojciech; from the word "wojak" (warrior) 66,879
17 Krawczyk from krawiec "tailor", "tailor's son" 64,543
18 Kaczmarek from karczmarz "innkeeper" 62,399
19 Piotrowski from Piotr (Peter) 61,844
20 Zawidzki from Zaw "Killing/Kill" 60,001

Polish names which end with -ski or -cki have both male and female forms - Kamiński / Kamińska, Wielicki / Wielicka, etc. This needs to be considered when taking a count by, for instance, scanning a telephone book. Historically, -ski, cognate with English -ish and French -esque, was a particle of nobility, like German von.

{{See also|Polish name}}

Portugal

The 50 most frequent surnames in Portugal are:[40][41]

Order Surname Meaning Frequency
%		 Frequency
(in 1000)
1 Silva woodland 9.44% 995
2 Santos saints 5.96% 628
3 Ferreira blacksmith 5.25% 553
4 Pereira pear tree4.88%514
5 Oliveira olive tree3.71%391
6 Costa [from the] coast3.68%387
7 Rodrigues son of Rodrigo3.57%376
8 Martins son of Martim3.23%340
9 Jesus Jesus2.99%315
10 Sousa [from] Sousa (toponym)2.95%311
11 Fernandes son of Fernando2.82%297
12 Gonçalves son of Gonçalo2.76%291
13 Gomes son of Gome/Gomo2.57%271
14 Lopes son of Lopo2.52%265
15 Marques son of Marcos2.51%265
16 Alves abbreviated form of
Álvares, son of Álvaro		2.37%250
17 Almeida toponymic2.27%239
18 Ribeiro from the riverside2.27%239
19 Pinto chick2.09%220
20 Carvalho oak tree1.97%208
21 Teixeira toponymic, yew tree related1.69%178
22 Moreira mulberry1.54%162
23 Correia belt1.53%161
24 Mendes son of Mendo1.39%146
25 Nunes son of Nuno1.32%139
26 Soares son of Soeiro1.28%135
27 Vieira scallop1.2%127
28 Monteiro1.11%117
29 Cardoso spiny, having to do with teazels1.07%113
30 Rocha rock1.04%110
31 Neves snows
(devotion to Our Lady of the Snows)		0.98%103
32 Coelho rabbit0.97%102
33 Cruz cross (of Jesus)0.94%99
34 Cunha wedge0.93%98
35 Pires son of Pero (Peter)0.92%97
36 Ramos tree branches or related to Passover Friday0.86%91
37 Reis devotion to the
Three Kings ("Reis")		0.85%90
38 Simões son of Simão (Simon)0.85%90
39 Antunes son of António0.82%86
40 Matos bush0.82%86
41 Fonseca0.81%86
42 Machado axe0.76%80
43 Araújo toponymic0.69%73
44 Barbosa toponymic0.69%72
45 Tavares toponymic0.67%71
46 Lourenço Laurent, related to laurels0.65%68
47 Castro castrum0.62%66
48 Figueiredo0.62%65
49 Azevedo0.60%64
50 Freitas0.60%63

Romania

Rank[42] Surname Pronunciation Meaning
1 Popa ˈpopa|}} Priest
2 Popescu poˈpesku|}} literally son of a priest
3 Pop pop|}} short form of Popa
4 Radu ˈradu|}}
5 Dumitru duˈmitru|}}
6 Stan stan|}} shortened form of Stanislav
7 Stoica ˈstojka|}}
8 Gheorghe ˈɡe̯orɡe|}} form of George
9 Matei maˈtej|}} Romanian form of Matthew
10 Ciobanu t͡ʃjoˈbanu|}} Shepherd
11 Ionescu ioˈnesku|}} literally Johnson from Ion, Romanian form of John
12 Rusu rusu|}} Russian

Russia

{{See also|Russian name}}

See also: Список общерусских фамилий (in Russian Wikipedia)

The 20 most common widespread Russian surnames (for males) from the European part of Russia, as calculated by Balanovskaya et al. (2005):[43]

Rank Surname Transliteration Meaning Percentage[43]
1 Смирно́в Smirnov quiet one's 1.61
2 Ивано́в Ivanov son of Ivan 1.30
3 Кузнецо́в Kuznetsov smith's 0.90
4 Попо́в Popov priest's son 0.79
5 Соколо́в Sokolov falcon's 0.73
6 Ле́бедев Lebedev swan's 0.65
7 Козло́в Kozlov he-goat's; metaphorically: bearded one 0.58
8 Но́виков Novikov newman's; see novik for historical details 0.54
9 Моро́зов Morozov frost's 0.53
10 Петро́в Petrov son of Pyotr 0.44
11 Во́лков Volkov wolf's 0.44
12 Соловьёв Solovyov nightingale's 0.44
13 Васи́льев Vasilyev son of Vasily 0.42
14 За́йцев Zaytsev hare's 0.41
15 Па́влов Pavlov son of Pavel 0.39
16 Семёнов Semyonov son of Semyon 0.35
17 Го́лубев Golubev pigeon's 0.32
18 Виногра́дов Vinogradov grape's 0.32
19 Богда́нов Bogdanov son of Bogdan 0.31
20 Воробьёв Vorobyov sparrow's 0.30

Those Russian surnames that end with -ov/-ev or -in/-yn are originally patronymic or metronymic possessive adjectivals with the meaning "son of" or "daughter/wife of" (the feminine is formed with the -a ending - Smirnova, Ivanova, etc.). In older documents such surnames were written with the word syn "son", for example, Ivánov syn "John's son" or Il'yín syn "Elijah's son"; the last word was later dropped. Such names are roughly equivalent to the English or Welsh surnames Richardson or Richards.

The Russian equivalent of "Smith, Jones, and Brown" (that is, the generic most popular surnames) is Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov, or "Jones, Peters, and Isidores", although Sidorov is now ranked only 66th.[43]

Serbia

Rank[44] Surname Cyrillic script Meaning
1 Jovanović Јовановић Son of Jovan (John)
2 Petrović Петровић Son of Petar (Peter)
3 Nikolić Николић Son of Nikola (Nicholas)
4 Marković Марковић Son of Marko (Mark)
5 Đorđević Ђорђевић Son of Đorđe (George)
6 Stojanović Стојановић Son of Stojan (Stoyan)
7 Ilić Илић Son of Ilija (Elijah)
8 Stanković Станковић Son of Stanko (Stan)
9 Pavlović Павловић Son of Pavle (Paul)
10 Milošević Милошевић Son of Miloš (Milosh)

Slovakia

Rank[45][46] #SurnameMeaningOrigins
1 30,813 Horváth "Croat" Croatian through Hungarian
2 29,079 Kováč "Blacksmith" Slavic, Indo-European
3 21,650 Varga "Leatherworker, cobbler" Hungarian[47]
4 21,604 Tóth "Slovak (Slav)" Germanic through Hungarian[47][46]
5 19,341 Nagy "Large/Tall" Hungarian[47]
6 14,114 Baláž "Blessed" Hungarian via Latin Blasius and Old Church Slavonic "blessed", from Indo-European
7 13,998 Szabó "Tailor" Hungarian[47]
8 12,632 Molnár "Miller" Croatian through Hungarian[47]
9 10,872 Balog "Left-handed" Hungarian,[47] or from Slavic "marsh", or both
10 9,718 Lukáč "Luke" Latin Lucas, Greek

Note: The most common surnames in Slovakia are a mixture of Indo-European and the Ugric roots reflecting the 900-year-long coexistence of the Indo-European Slovaks and speakers of other Indo-European languages with Ugric Hungarians and the Croatians, under Hungarian assimilation pressure throughout the 19th century (see Magyarization, see History of Slovakia). In 1910 Hungarians made up one-third of the population of present-territory of Slovakia.[48] Hungarians are currently an 8% minority[46] in Slovakia due to population exchanges and Slovakization.[49] (see Demographics of Slovakia). While ethnic Hungarians are relatively few in Slovakia, their large presence on the list of most common names reflects the intra-lingual frequency of the frequent names in Hungary.

Slovenia

Rank[50]#SurnameMeaning
1 11,196 Novak new man; from a newly established farm
2 9,762 Horvat Croat
3 5,640 Kovačič son of blacksmith
4 5,585 Krajnc from Carniola
5 5,019 Zupančič son of farmer or the village elder
6 4,729 Potočnik near stream
7 4,729 Kovač blacksmith
8 3,957 Mlakar near puddle
9 3,905 Kos blackbird
10 3,885 Vidmar farmer belonging to the ruler's estate
11 3,855 Golob pigeon
12 3,506 Turk Turk
13 3,421 Božič Christmas
14 3,418 Kralj King
15 3,285 Korošec from Carinthia
16 3,256 Zupan mayor (originally, village elder)
17 3,209 Bizjak archaic term for refugee; usually applied to Slavic Christian families that had fled from the Ottoman Empire
18 3,136 Hribar from the hill
19 3,069 Kotnik from a remote area (literally, from a corner)
20 3,003 Kavčič weaver
21 2,992 Rozman
22 2,873 Kastelic from a castle
23 2,841 Oblak cloud
24 2,828 Žagar sawer
25 2,821 Petek Friday
26 2,808 Hočevar from Kočevje or from Gottschee County
27 2,807 Kolar
28 2,738 Košir
29 2,598 Koren
30 2,399 Klemenčič son of Klemen

Spain

{{main|Spanish naming customs}}

The top ten surnames cover about 20% of the population, with important geographical differences. The regional distribution of surnames within Spain was homogenized mostly through internal migrations, especially since 1950. Names typical of the old crown of Castile have become the most common all over the country. Most of the common Spanish surnames originating from Germanic first names were introduced in Spain during the fifth to seventh centuries by the Visigoths, so almost all are from the Visigoth tradition.

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
  1. García - 1,378,000 people (3.48%) Pre-Roman, Basque.
  2. Fernández - 851,000 (2.15%) Son of Fernando, Fredenand, or Fridnand; Germanic
  3. González - 839,000 (2.12%) Son of Gonzalo, from the Latinised form Gundisalvus; Germanic
  4. Rodríguez - 804,000 (2.03%) Son of Rodrigo, Roderic; Germanic
  5. López - 796,000 (2.01%) Son of Lope, Latin Lupus, meaning wolf
  6. Martínez - 788,000 (1.97%) Son of Martin, Latin Martis, genitive form of Mars
  7. Sánchez - 725,000 (1.83%) Son of Sancho, Latin Sanctius
  8. Pérez - 709,000 (1.79%) Son of Pedro, Latin Petrus
  9. Martín - 459,000 (1.16%)
  10. Gómez - 440,000 (1.11%) Son of Gomes, Gomo, or Gomaro; Germanic
  11. Ruiz - 321,000 (0.81%) Son of Rui, variation or short for Rodrigo
  12. Hernández - 305,000 (0.77%) Son of Hernando, variation of Fernando
  13. Jiménez - 293,000 (0.74%) son of Jimeno, Xemeno, or Ximeno
  14. Díaz - 293,000 (0.74%) Son of Diego
  15. Álvarez - 273,000 (0.69%) Son of Alvaro, from Alvar; Germanic
  16. Moreno - 261,000 (0.66%) Brown-haired, tanned, brunet
  17. Muñoz - 241,000 (0.61%) Son of Munio; Pre-Roman
  18. Alonso - 206,000 (0.52%) Variation of Alfonso; Germanic
  19. Gutiérrez - 170,000 (0.43%) Son of Gutier, Gutierre, or Gualtierre; Germanic
  20. Romero - 170,000 (0.43%) (pilgrim)
  21. Navarro - 158,400 (0.40%) Navarrese, "from Navarre"; toponym
  22. Torres - 134,600 (0.34%) Towers; toponym
  23. Domínguez - 134,600 (0.34%) Son of Domingo, from Latin Domenicus, Dominus, "master"
  24. Gil - 134,600 (0.34%) From older form Egidio; patronymic
  25. Vázquez - 130,000 (0.33%) Son of Vasco or Velasco
  26. Serrano - 122,700 (0.31%) "Highlander"
  27. Ramos - 118,000 (0.30%) Branches; meaning born during Christian festivity Palm Sunday
  28. Blanco - 118,000 (0.30%) "White"
  29. Sanz - 106,900 (0.27%)
  30. Castro - 102,900 (0.26%) "village". See castro and castrum
  31. Suárez - 102,900 (0.26%) Son of Suero or Suaro; unknown origin
  32. Ortega - 99,000 (0.25%) From Ortiga, nettle plant
  33. Rubio - 99,000 (0.25%) Blond, fair-haired; Latin Rubeus, meaning ruddy, reddish
  34. Molina - 99,000 (0.25%) (Mill, place with mills)
  35. Delgado - 95,000 (0.24%) "Thin man"
  36. Ramírez - 95,000 (0.24%) Son of Ramiro, Radamir, or Radmir; Germanic
  37. Morales - 95,000 (0.24%) Blackberry groves
  38. Ortiz - 87,120 (0.22%) Son of Ortún; Latin Fortunius, meaning fortunate one
  39. Marín - 83,160 (0.21%) Latin Marinus, meaning sailor
  40. Iglesias - 83,160 (0.21%) "Churches"
{{div col end}}Source:[51] - Data from December 1999. (2004 data confirmation of top 25)

Canary Islands

{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2016}}
Rank Name Approximate percentage
1 González 4.79
2 Rodríguez 4.64
3 Hernández 4.01
4 Pérez 3.35
5 García 3.25
6 Martín 2.21
7 Santana 2.18
8 Díaz 1.86
9 Suárez 1.38
10 Sánchez 1.29
11 López 1.21
12 Cabrera 1.18
13 Ramos 0.88
14 Medina 0.87
15 Fernández 0.75
16 Morales 0.73
17 Delgado 0.70
18 Marrero 0.70
19 León 0.69
20 Alonso 0.61
21 Herrera 0.59
22 Cruz 0.58
23 Domínguez 0.55
24 Gutiérrez 0.52
25 Reyes 0.50
26 Torres 0.48
27 Alvarez 0.66
28 Rivero 0.44
29 Armas 0.42
30 Trujillo 0.40

Sweden

Source: World Family Names

Rank[52]#SurnameMeaning
1 251,621 Andersson son of Anders
2 251,495 Johansson son of Johan
3 223,151 Karlsson son of Karl
4 171,360 Nilsson son of Nils
5 147,514 Eriksson son of Erik
6 124,686 Larsson son of Lars
7 114,280 Olsson son of Olof, Olov, Ola, Ole or Olle (usually a nickname)
8 107,911 Persson son of Per
9 101,834 Svensson son of Sven
10 97,536 Gustafsson son of Gustaf
11 96,011 Pettersson son of Petter
12 73,869 Jonsson son of Jon
13 50,170 Jansson son of Jan
14 43,926 Hansson son of Hans
15 34,302 Bengtsson son of Bengt
16 32,249 Jönsson son of Jöns
17 27,533 Lindberg compound of lind (the tree tilia cordata) and berg (mountain)
18 26,793 Jakobsson son of Jakob
19 26,562 Magnusson son of Magnus
20 26,424 Olofsson son of Olof

List of the 10 most common names among the Sami people (compiled from one third of the Sametinget voting list 2005):[53]

RankSurnameMeaning
1 Andersson son of Anders
2 Johansson son of Johan
3 Nilsson son of Nils
4 Larsson son of Lars
5 Persson son of Per
6 Blind ? of Sami descent
7 Jonsson son of Jon
8 Eriksson son of Erik
9 Nutti ? of Sami descent
10 Labba ? of Sami descent

Switzerland

Surnames of the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino

Rank Name Meaning
1 Bianchi white
2 Bernasconi
3 Fontana one who dwells by a fountain
4 Crivelli sieve
5 Galli Gaul; Frenchman
6 Cereghetti
7 Colombo dove (often bestowed upon orphans)
8 Rossi red, redhead
9 Ferrari blacksmith
10 Cavadini
11 Sante
12 Ravelli
13 Giovanni John
14 Piero Peter

German-speaking cantons (1998):

Source:[54]

Rank#Surname Meaning
1 31,000 Müller miller
2 19,150 Meier tenant of a large farm
3 16,900 Schmid blacksmith
4 13,000 Keller winemaker
5 11,850 Weber weaver
6 10,550 Huber tenant of a small large farm
7 10,350 Meyer tenant of a large farm
8 10,300 Schneider tailor
9 8,950 Steiner 'stone person'
10 8,200 Fischer fisherman
11 8,100 Brunner 'water well person'
12 8,000 Baumann 'constructionman'
13 7,950 Gerber tanner
14 7,750 Frei free (in terms of freedom)
15 7,500 Moser 'bog person'

Turkey

{{Main|Turkish name}}
Rank Name Meaning
1 Yılmaz unbeatable/dauntless
2 Kaya rock
3 Demir iron
4 Şahin falcon
5 Çelik steel
6 Yıldız star
7 Yıldırım thunderbolt
8 Öztürk pure Turk
9 Aydın enlightened
10 Özdemir pure iron
Source: Turkish General Directorate of Population and Citizenships[55]

Ukraine

{{main|List of surnames in Ukraine|Ukrainian surnames|Ukrainian names}}

Many of the surnames use the same root but different suffixes, or even different roots of the same meaning, depending on the part of Ukraine the person hails from.[56]

Rank Surname Meaning
1 Melnyk miller
2 Shevchenko shoemaker's
3 Boyko the Boyko (a member of a group of Ukrainian highlanders)
4 Kovalenko smith's
5 Bondarenko cooper's
6 Tkachenko weaver's
7 Kovalchuk smith's
8 Kravchenko tailor's
9 Oliynyk oil maker
10 Shevchuk shoemaker's
11 Koval smith
12 Polishchuk the Polesian, a man from Polesia
13 Bondar cooper
14 Tkachuk weaver's
15 Moroz frost
16 Marchenko Mark's
17 Lysenko fox's (from Lys) or baldhead's (from Lysyi)
18 Rudenko redhead's
19 Savchenko Savka's (Savka is a form of Sava or Savva)
20 Petrenko Petro's

United Kingdom

England

Rank Surname Percentage[57]
1 Smith 1.26
2 Jones 0.75
3 Taylor 0.59
4 Brown 0.56
5 Williams 0.39
6 Wilson 0.39
7 Johnson 0.37
8 Davies 0.34
9 Robinson 0.32
10 Wright 0.32
11 Thompson 0.31
12 Evans 0.30
13 Walker 0.30
14 White 0.30
15 Roberts 0.28
16 Green 0.28
17 Hall 0.28
18 Wood 0.27
19 Jackson 0.27
20 Clarke 0.26
Greater London

The following list is for Greater London.[58]

{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
  1. Brown
  2. Smith
  3. Patel (Gujrati/India)
  4. Jones
  5. Williams
  6. Johnson
  7. Taylor
  8. Thomas
  9. Roberts
  10. Khan (Pakistan)
  11. Lewis
  12. Jackson
  13. Clarke
  14. James
  15. Phillips
  16. Wilson
  17. Ali (Arabic/Turkey)
  18. Mason
  19. Mitchell (Scotland)
  20. Rose
  21. Davis
  22. Davies
  23. Rodríguez (Spain/Latin America)
  24. Cox
  25. Alexander{{div col end}}

Northern Ireland

Data from.[59] Numbers in brackets indicate percentages.

{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
  1. Wilson (England) (0.75)
  2. Campbell (Scotland) (0.75)
  3. Kelly (Ireland) (0.74)
  4. Johnston (Scotland) (0.69)
  5. Moore (Ireland) (0.62)
  6. Thompson (England) (0.61)
  7. Smyth (England) (0.60)
  8. Brown (England) (0.59)
  9. O’Neill (Ireland) (0.57)
  10. Doherty (Ireland) (0.54)
  11. Stewart (Scotland) (0.54)
  12. Quinn (Ireland) (0.51)
  13. Robinson (England) (0.50)
  14. Murphy (Ireland) (0.49)
  15. Graham (England) (0.48)
  16. Martin (England) (0.45)
  17. McLaughlin (Scotland) (0.45)
  18. Hamilton (Scotland) (0.44)
  19. Murray (Scotland/Ireland) (0.43)
  20. Hughes (Wales) (0.41)
{{div col end}}

Scotland

Data from.[59] Numbers in brackets indicate percentages.

{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
  1. Smith (England) (1.28)
  2. Brown (England) (0.94)
  3. Wilson (England) (0.89)
  4. Robertson (England) (0.78)
  5. Thomson (England) (0.78)
  6. Campbell (0.77)
  7. Stewart (0.73)
  8. Anderson (England/Nordic countries) (0.70)
  9. Scott (0.55)
  10. Murray (0.53)
  11. MacDonald (0.52)
  12. Reid (0.52)
  13. Taylor (England) (0.49)
  14. Clark (England) (0.47)
  15. Ross (0.43)
  16. Young (England) (0.42)
  17. Mitchell (0.41)
  18. Watson (0.41)
  19. Paterson (England) (0.40)
  20. Morrison (England) (0.40)
  21. Sanders (England) (0.40){{div col end}}

Wales

Data from.[59] Numbers in brackets indicate percentages.

{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
  1. Jones (5.75)
  2. Williams (3.72)
  3. Davies (3.72)
  4. Evans (2.47)
  5. Thomas (2.43)
  6. Roberts (1.53)
  7. Lewis (1.53)
  8. Hughes (1.23)
  9. Morgan (1.16)
  10. Griffiths (0.96)
  11. Edwards (0.93)
  12. Smith (0.85)
  13. James (0.82)
  14. Rees (0.81)
  15. Jenkins (0.69)
  16. Owen (0.67)
  17. Price (0.67)
  18. Phillips (0.65)
  19. Moss (0.63)
  20. Driscoll (0.53) (Ireland)
{{div col end}}

See also

  • Lists of most common surnames, for other continents

Notes

1. ^{{cite web | url=http://sprache-werner.info/WSBAlles_Gruber_in_Oestereich.10287.html | title=Alles Gruber in Östereich und nicht Müller wie in Deutschland | author=WienerSprachblätter, 2006, issue 4, p. 4 | accessdate=2007-10-20 | language=German }}
2. ^{{cite web|script-title=ru:Какие самые распространенные фамилии в Азербайджане?|url=http://1news.az/economy/tech/20120112111005151.html|work=1news.az|accessdate=19 January 2013|language=Russian}}
3. ^Ale.by - Самая распространенная фамилия в Минске - Иванов
4. ^Statistics Belgium, Demographic Statistics, most common surnames
5. ^Statistics Belgium, Demographic Statistics, total population
6. ^{{cite book | author = Јањатовић, Ђорђе | title = ПРЕЗИМЕНА СРБА У БОСНИ | publisher = ПРОСВЕТА-ТРГОВИНА" д. д. СОМБОР | year = 1993}}
7. ^{{cite web |title=Most frequent Croatian surnames |url=http://www.croatian-genealogy.com/cro-surnames/index.shtml |publisher=www.croatian-genealogy.com |accessdate=30 December 2009 }}
8. ^{{Croatian Census 2011 | url = http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/results/htm/e01_01_31/E01_01_31.html | accessdate = 2013-09-06 | title = Most frequent surnames, Census 2011 }}
9. ^{{Croatian Census 2011 | url = http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/results/censusnames.htm | accessdate = 2013-09-06 | title = Names and surnames in Republic of Croatia }}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ancestry.com/learn/facts/default.aspx? |title=What's in a name? |publisher=Ancestry.com |accessdate=2 January 2009 }}
11. ^{{cite news | first = Heather | last = Bowne | title = What's in a name? | url = http://www.radio.cz/en/article/62179 | work = ABC of Czech | publisher = Český rozhlas 7 - Radio Praha | date = 2005-01-16 | accessdate = 2008-01-28 | quote = The most common surname in the Czech Republic is Novák, which is closest to the English "Newman".}}
12. ^Mužská příjmení - občané ČR a cizí státní příslušníci - 20 nejčetnějších
13. ^Ženská přijmení - občanky ČR a cizí státní příslušnice - 20 nejčetnějších
14. ^{{cite web|title=Navne i hele befolkningen|url=http://dst.dk/da/Statistik/emner/navne/navne-i-hele-befolkningen|website=dst.dk|publisher=Statistics Denmark|accessdate=5 February 2016|language=da}}
15. ^{{cite news |title=Top 500: Eesti kõige levinumad perekonnanimed |url=http://ekspress.delfi.ee/kuum/top-500-eesti-koige-levinumad-perekonnanimed?id=27677149|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729113141/http://ekspress.delfi.ee/kuum/top-500-eesti-koige-levinumad-perekonnanimed?id=27677149|archivedate=2018-07-29|work=Eesti Ekspress|language=Estonian |accessdate=29 July 2018|date=25 April 2008 }}
16. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.hagstova.fo/portal/page/portal/HAGSTOVAN/Hagstova_Foroya/Hagtalsgrunnur/ibugvav_val/EFTnoevn.xls | title=Eftirnøvn (2001-2009) | first=Hagstova | last=Føroya | accessdate=2010-09-10 | language=Faroese }}
17. ^1 Population Register Centre, 13 July 2015. Percentages are based on the population of Finland on 16 July 2015.
18. ^{{cite web |title=Les noms de famille les plus portés France |url=http://www.linternaute.com/femmes/nom-de-famille/noms/1/1/france.shtml |publisher=linternaute.com |language=French |accessdate=29 December 2009 }}
19. ^Georgian Civil Registry Agency. "[https://sputnik-georgia.ru/society/20181212/243442926/nazvany-samye-rasprostranennye-imena-i-familii-v-gruzii.html?_ga=2.161607487.2065444289.1544665025-28643770.1512588154]". Accessed 13 December 2018. {{ru icon}}
20. ^Rank and percentage of population from: Kunze, Konrad (2004). Namenkunde, Vor- und Familiennamen im deutschen Sprachgebiet, 4th edn (series: dtv-Atlas). München, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 255 pp.
21. ^In northern Germany, the alternative form 'Möller' is more common;
22. ^Heterograph: Schmitt. In southernmost Germany, the alternative form 'Schmid' is the most common. All forms taken collectively would be #1 surname. The standard German form for 'blacksmith' is 'Schmied'.
23. ^Heterographs: Meier, which is common to the north, like Meyer, and Mayer, which is commoner to the south. All forms taken collectively would be #2 surname
24. ^{{cite book|last1=Triandafilidis|first1=Manolis|title=Τα οικογενειακά μας ονόματα (Our Family Names)|date=1995|publisher=Manolis Triandafilidis Foundation|location=Athens|isbn=9789602310106|page=288}}
25. ^{{cite web |title=Családnév statisztika 2011. január 1. |url=http://www.nyilvantarto.hu/letoltes/statisztikak/kozerdeku_csaladnev2011.xls |format=xls |publisher=Népességnyilvántartó Hivatal (Bureau of Population Registration) |language=Hungarian |accessdate=9 October 2011 }}
26. ^https://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/éadaigh
27. ^The Top 500 Irish & British Surnames, The Observer, 15 April 2007.
28. ^  Retrieved on 23 September 2008. Registration required.
29. ^{{cite web |title=L'Italia dei Cognomi |url=http://www.mappadeicognomi.it/classifica_cognomi_piu_diffusi.php?p=2|publisher=www.mappadeicognomi.it |language=Italian |accessdate=19 July 2017 }}
30. ^{{cite web | url=http://ask.rks-gov.net/media/3820/names-and-surnames.pdf | title=Names and Surnames in Kosovo | author=Agjencia e Statistikave të Kosovës, 2017, p. 12 | accessdate=2017-10-20 | language=English }}
31. ^{{cite web |title=Latvians |url=http://www.li.lv/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=32&Itemid=223 |publisher=li.lv |accessdate=29 December 2009 |year=2006 }}
32. ^Latvian Surname Project http://www.celmina.com/surnames.html
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.gov.lt/documents/10180/756286/Popul_gyv_vardai_pavardes.pdf/2b93c8c5-4db4-473c-9849-4e62b3801547?version=2.0|title=Populiariausi gyventojų vardai ir Labiausiai paplitusiosios gyventojų pavardės|date=27 February 2015|publisher=stat.gov.lt|language=Lithuanian|accessdate=6 June 2016}}
34. ^ 
35. ^{{cite web|url=https://nso.gov.mt/en/News_Releases/Archived_News_Releases/Documents/2013/News2013_004.pdf|title=Census of Population and Housing 2011: A focus on Surnames|last=Zammit|first=Silvan|date=7 January 2013|website=National Statistics Office - Malta|access-date=28 November 2017}}
36. ^CASATA.MD: NUME IN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA
37. ^https://www.kurir.rs/region/2761917/ovo-su-najcesca-prezimena-na-balkanu-proverite-kako-se-vase-kotira
38. ^{{cite web |title=Surnames used by 200 or more |url=http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/navn/aar/2016-01-26?fane=tabell&sort=nummer&tabell=253541 |publisher=Statistics Norway |accessdate=22 November 2016}}
39. ^Ministry of Interior (Poland). Statystyka najpopularniejszych nazwisk występujących w Polsce in 2009 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928133659/https://www.msw.gov.pl/download/1/7972/statystyka_najpopularniejszych_nazwisk_wystepujacych_w_Polsce_w_2009.pdf |date=28 September 2013 }} (The most popular surnames in Poland in 2009). {{Retrieved|accessdate=August 19, 2013}}
40. ^© 2005 SOCIEDADE PORTUGUESA DE INFORMAÇÃO ECONÓMICA S.A. - SPIE.
41. ^Os 100 Apelidos mais frequentes da População Portuguesa Perhaps the numbers in this reference are for the population of Portuguese-speaking countries. The total number of people with these common names (10.4 million) already exceeds the population of Portugal in 2014 (10.3 million).
42. ^{{cite web|title=Cele mai comune nume de familie din Romania, 2013|url=http://www.name-statistics.org/ro/numedefamiliecomune.php|accessdate=5 August 2014}}
43. ^1 2 {{cite book|script-title=ru:Русский генофонд на Русской равнине|year=2007|location=Moscow|isbn=978-5-87140-267-2|pages=165–216|author1=Балановская Е. В. |author2=Балановский О. П. |language=Russian}} See also the web version {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509203653/http://genofond.ru/default2.aspx?s=0&p=362 |date=9 May 2013 }} of the list.
44. ^{{cite web |url=http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/public/PublicationView.aspx?pKey=41&pLevel=1&pubType=2&pubKey=1502 |script-title=sr:Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. године у Републици Србији; Посебна публикација: Најчешћа имена и презимена |date= |work= |publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia|language=Serbian|pages= |quote= |accessdate=4 May 2013}}
45. ^Najčastejšie priezviska na Slovensku
46. ^1 2 {{cite web | url = http://www.pitt.edu/~votruba/qsonhist/lastnamesslovakiahungary.html | title = Most Common Slovak Last Names | last = Votruba | first = Martin | work = Slovak Studies Program | publisher = University of Pittsburgh}}
47. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web | url = http://mek.oszk.hu/08900/08923/08923.pdf | title = Régi magyar családnevek névvégmutató szótára (Reverse dictionary of historical Hungarian family names) | last = Farkas | first = Tamás | work = | publisher = ELTE Magyar Nyelvtudományi és Finnugor Intézet, Magyar Nyelvtudományi Társaság (Budapest University, Faculty of Hungarian Philology and Finno-Ugric Institute, Hungarian Philology Association), Budapest, 2009}}
48. ^Károly Kocsis (DSc, University of Miskolc) – Zsolt Bottlik (PhD, Budapest University) – Patrik Tátrai: Etnikai térfolyamatok a Kárpát-medence határon túli régióiban, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (Hungarian Academy of Sciences) – Földrajtudományi Kutatóintézet (Academy of Geographical Studies); Budapest; 2006.; {{ISBN|963-9545-10-4}}, CD Atlas
49. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.hhrf.org/kisebbsegkutatas/kk_2003_01/cikk.php?id=484 | title = An analysis - in a complex approach - of assimilation processes among the Hungarians of Slovakia | last = Gyurgyík | first = László | work = Nyelvhatárok, etnikai kontaktuszónák a Kárpát-medence három régiójában | publisher = MTA Etnikai-nemzeti Kisebbségkutató Intézet (Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ethnic and National Minorities)}}
50. ^{{cite web |title=Most frequent family names |url=http://www.stat.si/eng/imena_top_priimki.asp?r=True |publisher=stat.si |accessdate=29 December 2009 }}
51. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ociototal.com/recopila2/r_aficiones/apellidos.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-06-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430161150/http://www.ociototal.com/recopila2/r_aficiones/apellidos.html |archivedate=30 April 2008 |df=dmy-all }}
52. ^{{cite web |title=Namnstatistik |url=http://www.scb.se/Pages/TableAndChart____31063.aspx |publisher=  |date=15 September 2013}}
53. ^{{cite web |url=http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=2327&artikel=4188655 |title=Vanligaste samiska efternamnet utsett |language=Swedish |access-date=August 24, 2016 |website=Sveriges Radio}}
54. ^http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/SWITZERLAND/1998-05/0895251376
55. ^{{cite web|title=Most Popular Surnames, 2013|url=http://www.nvi.gov.tr/Files/File/Istatistikler/Isimler/en%20%C3%A7ok%20kullan%C4%B1lan%20soyad.pdf|publisher=Turkish General Directorate of Population and Citizenships|accessdate=20 July 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226031206/http://www.nvi.gov.tr/Files/File/Istatistikler/Isimler/en%20%C3%A7ok%20kullan%C4%B1lan%20soyad.pdf|archivedate=26 February 2015|df=dmy-all}}
56. ^https://sites.google.com/site/uaname/popularnist-prizvis/misca-1---10000 Популярні призвища та імена України
57. ^Paediatric-Epidemiology Significance Surnames Paper University College London
58. ^Most common surnames in Greater London, UK
59. ^1 2 http://www.ucl.ac.uk/paediatric-epidemiology/pdfs/Signficance_Surnames_Paper.pdf

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Most Common Surnames}}

2 : Surnames|Lists of popular names
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