| 词条 | List of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number: 321.321 |
| 释义 |
This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 321.321 under that system. These instruments may be known as necked bowl lutes. {{HS number|3}}{{HS number|32}}{{HS number|321}}{{HS number|321.3}}{{HS number|321.32}}{{HS number|321.321}}These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.
List{{clear}}{{List of musical instruments- start}}{{List of musical instruments| Drum = angélique | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = French classical music | Type = Pear-shaped, plucked, with 15-17 strings | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = archlute | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Western classical music | Type = Plucked | Other names = Italian arciliuto, Erzlaute, Архилютня }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = baglamas | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Greece | Type = Pear-shaped, long-necked | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = bağlama | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Middle East and Central Asia | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = balalaika[1] | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Russia | Type = Triangle-shaped lute-type instrument | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = bandora | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = bandura[2] | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Ukraine | Type = Diatonic, unfretted lute-like string instrument, traditionally carved from a single block of wood | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = banduria[3] | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Philippines | Type = Pear-shaped mandolin-like instrument, part of the rondalla tradition of ensemble playing of plucked instruments including bandurias, octavinas, laúds, guitars, and basses. | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = banhu | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = China | Type = Two-stringed, bowed instrument | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = banzouki | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = barbat | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Persian | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = biwa | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Japan | Type = Short-necked, fretted | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = bouzouki[4] | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Greece, Modern | Type = String instrument with a pear-shaped body and a long neck, played with plectrum | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = buzuq | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Middle Eastern | Type = Long-necked, fretted | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = charango [5] | Number = 321.321-6 | Tradition = Bolivia | Type = Fretted, hollow-bodied bowl lute, usually with four or five doubled strings, with as many as eleven tunings, traditionally made from an armadillo shell | Other names = charanga }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = charango [6] | Number = 321.321-6 | Tradition = Peru | Type = Guitar-like instrument, most commonly with ten strings in two courses and made from an armadillo back | Other names = charanga, chillador }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = chillador | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = | Type = Small fretted instrument | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = chitarra Italiana | Number = 321.322 | Tradition = Renaissance Italy | Type = Plucked | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = cimboa | Number = 321.322 | Tradition = Cape Verde | Type = Bowed | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = cittern | Number = 321.322 | Tradition = | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = daguangxian | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = China | Type = Bowed | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = dambura | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan | Type = Wooden plucked instrument | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = Đàn gáo | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Vietnam | Type = Bowed two-stringed instrument | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = Đàn tỳ bà | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Vietnam | Type = Plucked four-stringed instrument | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = dangubica | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Croatia | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = dilruba | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = India | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = dombra[7][8] | Number = 321.321-6 | Tradition = Central Asia | Type = Fretted, long-necked lute with a round body, played by plucking with a plectrum | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum =domra | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Russia | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = dotara | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Bangladesh | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = dramyin[9] | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Bhutan | Type = Seven-stringed lute, fretless, long-necked and double-waisted with rosette-shaped sound hole | Other names =dranyen, dramnyen }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = dutar | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Central Asia | Type = Long-necked, two-stringed instrument | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = erhu | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = China | Type = Two-stringed, bowed instrument | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = erxian | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = China, especially Cantonese | Type = Two-stringed, bowed instrument | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = esraj | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = India | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = gadulka | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Bulgaria | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = gambus | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Arab | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = gittern | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Europe | Type = stinged instrument, typical four courses/8 strings, more courses possible, also possible to string with 4-6 single strings | Other names = guitarra, guiterne or guiterre, Italy, quintern }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = gusle[10][11] | Number = 321.321-71 | Tradition = Southeastern Europe | Type = Stringed instrument, round, typically with one string bound at the top of the neck with a tuning peg | Other names = gusla }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = huluhu | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = China | Type = Two-stringed, bowed instrument | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = igil | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Tuva | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = jing erhu | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = China | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = kamancheh | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Persian | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = kobyz | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Kazakhstan | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = komuz[12][13] | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Kyrgyzstan | Type = Three-stringed fretless lute, made from wood with gut strings | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = laúd | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Spain | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = liuqin | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = China | Type = Four-stringed | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = mandola | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = mandolin[14][15] | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Italy. Spread to Europe and worldwide. | Type = Fretted stringed instrument, short-necked, typically 4 courses/8 strings. The types belonging to this category have a flat or canted soundboard and round bowl-back {{audio|Nl-mandoline.ogg|Mandolin performance}} | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = mandolin, octave | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = mando-bass | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = | Type = Bass mandolin | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = mandocello | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = mandolute | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = mandore | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Europe | Type = stringed instrument, strung either 4-6 single strings or 4-6 courses of 2 strings | Other names = mandora (not the bass range instrument), mandola (not the same as the modern mandola), vandola, mandörgen, quinterne }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = mandriola | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = orpharion | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = oud [16] | Number = 321.321-6 | Tradition = Arab | Type = Pear-shaped fretless stringed instrument, with five courses of two strings and a single eleventh string, a bent back and a bowl-shaped body, often with up to three soundholes, played with a pick | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = pandur | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Chechnya | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = pandura | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = panduri | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Georgia | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = pipa[17] | Number = 321.321-5 | Tradition = China | Type = Pear-shaped bowl lute with a neck, played by plucking | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = rubab[1][18] | Number = 321.321-6 | Tradition = Afghanistan | Type = Short-necked three-stringed lute with sympathetic and drone strings, fretted and plucked with a plectrum, with a double-chambered body, the lower part of which is covered in skin, and with three main strings | Other names = rabab }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = sallaneh | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = Saraswati veena | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = India | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = Šargija | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Southeastern Europe | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = saz[19][20] | Number = 321.321-6 | Tradition = Turkey | Type = Fretted lute with a long neck, pear-shaped body, and three courses of seven steel strings | Other names = bağlama, kopuz }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = setar | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Iran | Type = Pear-shaped lute with a long neck, three or four strings, plucked with the index finger of the right hand | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = sitar | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = India | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = surbahar | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = India | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = tamburica[21][22] | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Croatia | Type = Lute-like stringed instrument with a long neck, picked or strummed, variable number of strings | Other names = tamburitza }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = theorbo | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = Europe | Type = Lute-like stringed instrument with an extended neck and two pegboxes. | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments | Drum = tricordia | Number = 321.321 | Tradition = | Type = | Other names = }}{{List of musical instruments- end}} References
Notes1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.hobgoblin-usa.com/info/glossary.htm|work=Hobgoblin Music|title=Glossary of Folk Instruments|accessdate=December 17, 2007|author=ARC music|author2=Peter McClelland }} {{Hornbostel-Sachs}}{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Musical Instruments By Hornbostel-Sachs Number: 321.321}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1999/229919.shtml |first=Irene |last=Jarosewich |title=Roman Hrynkiv hopes to give the bandura international stature |work=Ukraine Weekly |accessdate=December 17, 2007 |quote=The bandura will always be known as Ukraine's national instrument. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219022024/http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1999/229919.shtml |archivedate=December 19, 2006 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite web|last=Aning|first=Jerome|title=Rondalla maestro makes strong pitch for banduria|date=November 23, 2007|url=http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/entertainment/entertainment/view_article.php?article_id=102634|accessdate=December 22, 2007|work=Inquirer Entertainment|publisher=Inquirer|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527093554/http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/entertainment/entertainment/view_article.php?article_id=102634|archivedate=May 27, 2008|df=}} 4. ^{{cite journal|title=Review of Musikkens Tjenere - Instrument - Forsker - Musiker by Mette Müller and Lisbet Torp|first=Göran|last=Grahn|journal=The Galpin Society Journal|volume=52|date=April 1999|pages=367–368|jstor=842547|doi=10.2307/842547}} 5. ^{{cite journal|title=Review of Bolivie: Charangos et guitarrillas du Norte Potosi by Florindo Alvis and Jean-Marc Grassler|first=Max Peter|last=Baumann|journal=Yearbook for Traditional Music|volume=29|issue=1997|pages=200–201|year=1997|jstor=768327}} 6. ^{{cite journal|title=Music in Peru|url=http://www.vivatravelguides.com/south-america/peru/peru-overview/music-in-peru/|work=Viva Travel Guides|last=Bennett|first=Caroline|accessdate=December 17, 2007}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/country/content.country/kazakhstan_672?fs=www3.nationalgeographic.com&fs=plasma.nationalgeographic.com|accessdate=December 17, 2007|title=Kazakhstan|first=Theodore C.|last=Levin|work=National Geographic World Music|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214191751/http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/country/content.country/kazakhstan_672?fs=www3.nationalgeographic.com&fs=plasma.nationalgeographic.com|archivedate=December 14, 2007|df=}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Kazakhstan and Its People|format=pdf|year=2005|url=http://www.ou.edu/wltkids/Pdf_files_Kazakh/WLTKids_May-Aug05-1Intro.pdf|accessdate=February 18, 2008|publisher=World Literature Today|work=WLT Kids|first=Sapargul|last=Mirseitova|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525095820/http://www.ou.edu/wltkids/Pdf_files_Kazakh/WLTKids_May-Aug05-1Intro.pdf|archivedate=May 25, 2011|df=}} 9. ^{{cite book|title=World Music|first=Simon|last=Broughton|author2=Mark Ellingham |others=James McConnachie|year=2000|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=1-85828-636-0}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Montenegrin Music|publisher=Visit Montenegro|url=http://www.visit-montenegro.com/montenegro-music.htm|accessdate=December 21, 2007}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hf.uio.no/ilos/forskning/forskningsprosjekter/spinning/resources/Project_outline.pdf|format=pdf|accessdate=December 21, 2007|pages=4|date=June 1, 2006|title='Spinning Out of Control': Rhetoric and Violent Conflict}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.eliznik.org.uk/RomaniaMusic/cobza.htm|title=Cobza|year=2005|publisher=Eliznik|accessdate=December 21, 2007}} 13. ^{{cite journal|title=Kirghiz Instruments and Instrumental Music|first=George S.|last=Golos|journal=Ethnomusicology|volume=5|issue=1|date=January 1961|doi=10.2307/924307|publisher=Ethnomusicology, Vol. 5, No. 1|jstor=924307|pages=42–48}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://omeka1.grinnell.edu/MusicalInstruments/items/show/256 |title=Mandolin - Neapolitan |author=Roger Vetter|date= |website=Grinnell College Musical Instrument Collection |publisher= |access-date=September 5, 2015 |quote=}} 15. ^{{cite book|title=Manual of Guitar Technology: Chords Especially for Lefties|first=Franz|last=Jahnel|author2=Nicholas Clarke |year=2000|publisher=Bold Strummer|isbn=0-933224-99-0}} 16. ^{{cite book|accessdate=December 26, 2007|title=Project Results|pages=2|work=The Music Inter-Cultural X-Change: Project for Peace in Israelpublisher=The Boston Conservatory|url=http://www.davisprojectsforpeace.org/reports/5rep.pdf|format=pdf}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aasianst.org/absts/2007abst/Interarea/I-46.htm|last=Millward|first=James|title=From Camelback to Carnegie Hall: the Global Journey and Modern Makeover of the Pipa|work=AAS Annual Meeting|accessdate=December 22, 2007}} 18. ^{{cite book|first=Veronica|last=Doubleday|chapter=Afghanistan: Red Light at the Crossroads|editor=Broughton, Simon and Mark Ellingham with James McConnachie and Orla Duane (Eds.)|title=World Music: The Rough Guide|publisher=Rough Guides|year=2000|isbn=1-85828-636-0|pages=3–7}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/glossary/content.glossary/saz|publisher=National Geographic|work=Glossary|title=Saz|accessdate=December 22, 2007|quote=Considered the national instrument of Turkey.|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226003710/http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/glossary/content.glossary/saz|archivedate=December 26, 2007|df=}} 20. ^{{cite book|title=Early Mystics in Turkish Literature|first=Mehmed Fuad|last=Koprulu|others=Translated by Gary Leiser and Robert Dankoff|author2=Devin DeWeese |year=2006|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-415-36686-0}} 21. ^{{cite web|title=Croatia|work=National Geographic World Music|accessdate=December 17, 2007|url=http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/country/content.country/croatia_869?fs=www3.nationalgeographic.com&fs=plasma.nationalgeographic.com|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226003700/http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/country/content.country/croatia_869?fs=www3.nationalgeographic.com&fs=plasma.nationalgeographic.com|archivedate=December 26, 2007|df=}} 22. ^{{cite journal|title=Ethnic Music in the United States: An Overview|first=Stephen|last=Erdely|journal=Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council|volume=11|year=1979|pages=114–137|quote=The tamburitza... is the national instrument of the Croatians.|doi=10.2307/767568|publisher=Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council, Vol. 11|jstor=767568}} 2 : Lists of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number|Necked bowl lutes |
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