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词条 List of national parks of the United States
释义

  1. National parks

  2. See also

  3. References

  4. External links

{{short description|Wikimedia list article}}

The United States has 61 protected areas known as national parks[1] that are operated by the National Park Service, an agency of the Department of the Interior. National parks must be established by an act of the United States Congress. A bill creating the first national park, Yellowstone, was signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant in 1872, followed by Mackinac National Park in 1875 (decommissioned in 1895), and then Rock Creek Park (later merged into National Capital Parks), Sequoia and Yosemite in 1890. The Organic Act of 1916 created the National Park Service "to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and wildlife therein, and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations."[2] Many current national parks had been previously protected as national monuments by the president under the Antiquities Act before being upgraded by Congress. Seven national parks (including six in Alaska) are paired with a national preserve, areas with different levels of protection that are administered together but considered separate units and whose areas are not included in the figures below.

Criteria for the selection of national parks include natural beauty, unique geological features, unusual ecosystems, and recreational opportunities (though these criteria are not always considered together). National monuments, on the other hand, are frequently chosen for their historical or archaeological significance. Fourteen national parks are designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHS),[3] while 21 national parks are designated UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (BR).[4] Eight national parks are designated in both UNESCO programs.

Twenty-nine states have national parks, as do the territories of American Samoa and the United States Virgin Islands. California has the most (nine), followed by Alaska (eight), Utah (five), and Colorado (four). The largest national park is Wrangell–St. Elias in Alaska: at over {{convert|8|e6acre|km2|0}}, it is larger than each of the nine smallest states. The next three largest parks are also in Alaska. The smallest park is Gateway Arch National Park, Missouri, at approximately {{convert|192.83|acre|km2}}. The total area protected by national parks is approximately {{convert|52.2|e6acre|km2}}, for an average of {{convert|870|e3acre|km2}} but a median of only {{convert|229|e3acre|km2}}.[5]

The national parks set a visitation record in 2017, with more than 84 million visitors.[6] The most-visited national park is Great Smoky Mountains National Park in North Carolina and Tennessee, with over 11.3 million visitors in 2017, followed by Arizona's Grand Canyon National Park, with over 6.2 million. In contrast, only 11,177 people visited the remote Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve in Alaska in the same year.[7]

A few former national parks are no longer designated as such, or have been disbanded. Other units of the National Park Service ({{National Park Units}} altogether) are broadly referred to as national parks within the National Park System.[7]

National parks

{{GeoGroupTemplate}}{{legend|#cfecd2|Green shading{{snd}}UNESCO designated World Heritage Sites (a * symbol also appears after the park's name)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}{{legend|#cedff2|Blue shading{{snd}}UNESCO designated Biosphere Reserves (a {{dagger}} symbol also appears)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}{{legend|#ddcef2|Purple shading{{snd}}parks designated in both UNESCO programs (a {{double dagger}} symbol also appears)|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
NameImageLocationDate established as park[5][8]Area (2017)[9]Recreation visitors (2018)[10]{{Abbr|Description|Park description; (WHS){{sndpark is a UNESCO World Heritage Site; (BR){{sndpark is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
Acadia{{coord>44.35|-68.21|name=Acadia|type:landmark}}February 26, 1919}}49075.26|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}3,537,575Covering most of Mount Desert Island and other coastal islands, Acadia features the tallest mountain on the Atlantic coast of the United States, granite peaks, ocean shoreline, woodlands, and lakes. There are freshwater, estuary, forest, and intertidal habitats.[11][12]
American Samoa{{coord>-14.25|-170.68|name=National Park of American Samoa|type:landmark}}October 31, 1988}}8256.67|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}28,626The southernmost national park is on three Samoan islands and protects coral reefs, rainforests, volcanic mountains, and white beaches. The area is also home to flying foxes, brown boobies, sea turtles, and 900 species of fish.[13]
Arches{{coord>38.68|-109.57|name=Arches|type:landmark}}November 12, 1971}}76678.98|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}1,663,557This site features more than 2,000 natural sandstone arches, with some of the most popular arches in the park being Delicate Arch, Landscape Arch and Double Arch.[14] Millions of years of erosion have created these structures located in a desert climate where the arid ground has life-sustaining biological soil crusts and potholes that serve as natural water-collecting basins. Other geologic formations include stone pinnacles, fins, and balancing rocks.[15]
Badlands{{coord>43.75|-102.50|name=Badlands|type:landmark}}November 10, 1978}}242755.94|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}1,008,942The Badlands are a collection of buttes, pinnacles, spires, and mixed-grass prairies. The White River Badlands contain the largest assemblage of known late Eocene and Oligocene mammal fossils.[16] The wildlife includes bison, bighorn sheep, black-footed ferrets, and prairie dogs.[17]
Big Bend {{dagger}}{{coord>29.25|-103.25|name=Big Bend|type:landmark}}June 12, 1944}}801163.21|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}440,091Named for the prominent bend in the Rio Grande along the U.S.–Mexico border, this park encompasses a large and remote part of the Chihuahuan Desert. Its main attraction is backcountry recreation in the arid Chisos Mountains and in canyons along the river. A wide variety of Cretaceous and Tertiary fossils as well as cultural artifacts of Native Americans also exist within its borders.[18] (BR)[19]
Biscayne{{coord>25.65|-80.08|name=Biscayne|type:landmark}}June 28, 1980}}172971.11|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}469,253Located in Biscayne Bay, this park at the north end of the Florida Keys has four interrelated marine ecosystems: mangrove forest, the Bay, the Keys, and coral reefs. Threatened animals include the West Indian manatee, American crocodile, various sea turtles, and peregrine falcon.[20]
Black Canyon of the Gunnison{{coord>38.57|-107.72|name=Black Canyon of the Gunnison|type:landmark}}October 21, 1999}}30780.76|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}308,962The park protects a quarter of the Gunnison River, which slices sheer canyon walls from dark Precambrian-era rock. The canyon features some of the steepest cliffs and oldest rock in North America, and is a popular site for river rafting and rock climbing. The deep, narrow canyon is composed of gneiss and schist which appears black when in shadow.[21]
Bryce Canyon{{coord>37.57|-112.18|name=Bryce Canyon|type:landmark}}February 25, 1928}}35835.08|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}2,679,478Bryce Canyon is a geological amphitheater on the Paunsaugunt Plateau with hundreds of tall, multicolored sandstone hoodoos formed by erosion. The region was originally settled by Native Americans and later by Mormon pioneers.[22]
Canyonlands{{coord>38.2|-109.93|name=Canyonlands|type:landmark}}September 12, 1964}}337597.83|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}739,449This landscape was eroded into a maze of canyons, buttes, and mesas by the combined efforts of the Colorado River, Green River, and their tributaries, which divide the park into three districts. The park also contains rock pinnacles and arches, as well as artifacts from Ancient Pueblo peoples.[23]
Capitol Reef{{coord>38.20|-111.17|name=Capitol Reef|type:landmark}}December 18, 1971}}241904.50|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}1,227,627100|mi|km|adj=on}} monocline that exhibits the earth's diverse geologic layers. Other natural features include monoliths, cliffs, and sandstone domes shaped like the United States Capitol.[24]
Carlsbad Caverns *{{coord>32.17|-104.44|name=Carlsbad Caverns|type:landmark}}May 14, 1930}}46766.45|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}465,912120|mi|km}} long. The Big Room is almost {{convert|4000|ft|m}} long, and the caves are home to over 400,000 Mexican free-tailed bats and sixteen other species. Above ground are the Chihuahuan Desert and Rattlesnake Springs.[25] (WHS)[26]
Channel Islands {{dagger}}{{coord>34.01|-119.42|name=Channel Islands|type:landmark}}March 5, 1980}}249561.00|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}366,250Five of the eight Channel Islands are protected, and half of the park's area is underwater. The islands have a unique Mediterranean ecosystem originally settled by the Chumash people. They are home to over 2,000 species of land plants and animals, and 145 are unique to them, including the island fox. Ferry services offer transportation to the islands from the mainland.[27] (BR)[28]
Congaree {{dagger}}{{coord>33.78|-80.78|name=Congaree|type:landmark}}November 10, 2003}}26539.22|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}145,929On the Congaree River, this park is the largest portion of old-growth floodplain forest left in North America. Some of the trees are the tallest in the eastern United States. An elevated walkway called the Boardwalk Loop guides visitors through the swamp.[29] (BR)[30]
Crater Lake{{coord>42.94|-122.1|name=Crater Lake|type:landmark}}May 22, 1902}}183224.05|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}720,659Crater Lake lies in the caldera of an ancient volcano called Mount Mazama that collapsed 7,700 years ago. The lake is the deepest in the United States and is noted for its vivid blue color and water clarity. Wizard Island and the Phantom Ship are more recent volcanic formations within the caldera. As the lake has no inlets or outlets, the lake is replenished only by precipitation.[31]
Cuyahoga Valley{{coord>41.24|-81.55|name=Cuyahoga Valley|type:landmark}}October 11, 2000}}32572.35|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}2,096,053This park along the Cuyahoga River has waterfalls, hills, trails, and exhibits on early rural living. The Ohio and Erie Canal Towpath Trail follows the Ohio and Erie Canal, where mules towed canal boats. The park has numerous historic homes, bridges, and structures,[32] and also offers a scenic train ride.[33]
Death Valley {{dagger}}{{coord>36.24|-116.82|name=Death Valley|type:landmark}}October 31, 1994}}3373063.14|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}1,678,660-282|ft|m|abbr=on}}.[34] The park also protects canyons, badlands, sand dunes, mountain ranges, historic mines, springs, and more than 1000 species of plants which grow in this geologic graben.[35] (BR)[36]
Denali {{dagger}}{{coord>63.33|-150.50|name=Denali|type:landmark}}February 26, 1917}}4740911.16|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}594,660Centered on Denali, the tallest mountain in North America, Denali is serviced by a single road leading to Wonder Lake. Denali and other peaks of the Alaska Range are covered with long glaciers and boreal forest. Wildlife includes grizzly bears, Dall sheep, caribou, and gray wolves.[37] (BR)[38]
Dry Tortugas {{dagger}}{{coord>24.63|-82.87|name=Dry Tortugas|type:landmark}}October 26, 1992}}64701.22|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}56,810The islands of the Dry Tortugas, at the westernmost end of the Florida Keys, are the site of Fort Jefferson, a Civil War-era fort that is the largest masonry structure in the Western Hemisphere. The park is home to undisturbed coral reefs and shipwrecks, and is only accessible by plane or boat.[39] (BR)[40]
Everglades {{double dagger}}{{coord>25.32|-80.93|name=Everglades|type:landmark}}May 30, 1934}}1508934.25|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}597,124The Everglades are the largest tropical wilderness in the United States. This mangrove and tropical rainforest ecosystem and marine estuary is home to 36 protected species, including the Florida panther, American crocodile, and West Indian manatee. Some areas have been drained and developed; restoration projects aim to restore the ecology.[41] (WHS)[42] (BR)[40]
Gates of the Arctic{{coord>67.78|-153.30|name=Gates of the Arctic|type:landmark}}December 2, 1980}}7523897.45|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}9,591The country's northernmost park protects an expanse of pure wilderness in Alaska's Brooks Range and has no park facilities. The land is home to Alaska Natives who have relied on the land and caribou for 11,000 years.[43]
Gateway Arch{{coord>38.63|-90.19|name=Gateway Arch|type:landmark}}February 22, 2018}}[44]192.83|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}2,016,180630|ft|m|0|adj=on}} (both high and wide) catenary arch built to commemorate the Lewis and Clark Expedition, initiated by Thomas Jefferson, and the subsequent westward expansion of the country. The nearby Old Courthouse, across a greenway to the west of the arch, was the first site of the Dred Scott case about slavery. A museum, located in the underground visitor center below the arch, describes the arch's construction and the country's westward expansion.[45]
Glacier {{double dagger}}{{coord>48.80|-114.00|name=Glacier|type:landmark}}May 11, 1910}}1013125.99|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}2,965,309The U.S. half of Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, this park includes 26 glaciers and 130 named lakes surrounded by Rocky Mountain peaks. There are historic hotels and a landmark road called the Going-to-the-Sun Road in this region of rapidly receding glaciers.[46] The local mountains, formed by an overthrust, expose Paleozoic fossils including trilobites, mollusks, giant ferns and dinosaurs.[47] (WHS)[48] (BR)[49]
Glacier Bay {{double dagger}}{{coord>58.50|-137.00|name=Glacier Bay|type:landmark}}December 2, 1980}}3223383.43|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}597,91565|mi|km}}.[50] (WHS)[54] (BR)[51]
Grand Canyon *{{coord>36.06|-112.14|name=Grand Canyon|type:landmark}}February 26, 1919}}1201647.03|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}6,380,495277|mi|km}} long, up to 1 mile (1.6 km) deep, and up to {{convert|15|mi|km}} wide. Millions of years of erosion have exposed the multicolored layers of the Colorado Plateau in mesas and canyon walls, visible from both the north and south rims, or from a number of trails that descend into the canyon itself.[52] (WHS)[53]
Grand Teton {{dagger}}{{coord>43.73|-110.80|name=Grand Teton|type:landmark}}February 26, 1929}}310044.22|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}3,491,151Grand Teton is the tallest mountain in the Teton Range. The park's historic Jackson Hole and reflective piedmont lakes teem with endemic wildlife, with a backdrop of craggy mountains that rise abruptly from the sage-covered valley.[54] (BR)[4]
Great Basin{{coord>38.98|-114.30|name=Great Basin|type:landmark}}October 27, 1986}}77180.00|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}153,094Based around Nevada's second tallest mountain, Wheeler Peak, Great Basin National Park contains 5,000-year-old bristlecone pines, a rock glacier, and the limestone Lehman Caves. Due to its remote location, the park has some of the country's darkest night skies. Wildlife includes the Townsend's big-eared bat, pronghorn, and Bonneville cutthroat trout.[55]
Great Sand Dunes{{coord>37.73|-105.51|name=Great Sand Dunes|type:landmark}}September 13, 2004}}107341.87|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}442,905750|ft|m}} tall, were formed by deposits of the ancient Rio Grande in the San Luis Valley. Abutting a variety of grasslands, shrublands, and wetlands, the park also has alpine lakes, six 13,000-foot mountains, and old-growth forests.[56]
Great Smoky Mountains {{double dagger}}{{coord>35.68|-83.53|name=Great Smoky Mountains|type:landmark}}June 15, 1934}}522426.88|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}11,421,200800|mi|km}} of trails, including {{convert|70|mi|km}} of the Appalachian Trail. Other activities include fishing, horseback riding, and touring nearly 80 historic structures.[57] (WHS)[58] (BR)[59]
Guadalupe Mountains{{coord>31.92|-104.87|name=Guadalupe Mountains|type:landmark}}October 15, 1966}}86367.10|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}172,347This park contains Guadalupe Peak, the highest point in Texas, as well as the scenic McKittrick Canyon filled with bigtooth maples, a corner of the arid Chihuahuan Desert, and a fossilized coral reef from the Permian era.[60]
Haleakalā {{dagger}}{{coord>20.72|-156.17|name=Haleakalā|type:landmark}}August 1, 1916}}33264.62|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}1,044,084The Haleakalā volcano on Maui features a very large crater with numerous cinder cones, Hosmer's Grove of alien trees, the Kipahulu section's scenic pools of freshwater fish, and the native Hawaiian goose. The park protects the greatest number of endangered species within a U.S. National Park.[61] (BR)[62]
Hawaiʻi Volcanoes {{double dagger}}{{coord>19.38|-155.20|name=Hawaiʻi Volcanoes|type:landmark}}August 1, 1916}}323431.38|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}1,116,89113000|ft|m}}.[63] (WHS)[64] (BR)[62]
Hot Springs{{coord>34.51|-93.05|name=Hot Springs|type:landmark}}March 4, 1921}}5548.01|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}1,506,887Hot Springs was established as a federal reserve by Congress on April 20, 1832—the oldest area managed by the National Park Service. Congress redesignated Hot Springs as a national park on March 4, 1921. Natural hot springs flow out of the Ouachita Mountains, providing opportunities for relaxation in a historic setting. Bathhouse Row preserves numerous examples of 19th-century architecture.[65] Hot Springs is the first national park in a city and was the smallest national park until February 22, 2018 when the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial was redesignated Gateway Arch National Park.[66]
Indiana Dunes{{coord>41.6533|-87.0524|name=Indiana Dunes|type:landmark}}February 15, 2019}}15,067|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}1,756,07925|mi|km}} along the southern shore of Lake Michigan. The sandy beach adjoins a grassy prairie, bog, and wetlands home to over 2,000 species.[67]
Isle Royale {{dagger}}{{coord>48.10|-88.55|name=Isle Royale|type:landmark}}April 3, 1940}}571790.30|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}25,7984.5|mi|km}} of its shores. There are only 20 mammal species on the entire island, though the relationship between its wolf and moose populations is especially unique.[68] (BR)[69]
Joshua Tree {{dagger}}{{coord>33.79|-115.90|name=Joshua Tree|type:landmark}}October 31, 1994}}790635.74|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}2,942,382Covering large areas of the Colorado and Mojave Deserts and the Little San Bernardino Mountains, this desert landscape is populated by vast stands of Joshua trees. Large changes in elevation reveal various contrasting environments including bleached sand dunes, dry lakes, rugged mountains, and maze-like clusters of monzogranite monoliths.[70] (BR)[36]
Katmai{{coord>58.50|-155.00|name=Katmai|type:landmark}}December 2, 1980}}3674529.33|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}37,818This park on the Alaska Peninsula protects the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, an ash flow formed by the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, as well as Mount Katmai. Over 2,000 grizzly bears come here each year to catch spawning salmon. Other wildlife includes caribou, wolves, moose, and wolverines.[71]
Kenai Fjords{{coord>59.92|-149.65|name=Kenai Fjords|type:landmark}}December 2, 1980}}669650.05|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}321,596Near Seward on the Kenai Peninsula, this park protects the Harding Icefield and at least 38 glaciers and fjords stemming from it. The only area accessible to the public by road is Exit Glacier; the rest must be viewed or reached from boat tours.[72]
Kings Canyon {{dagger}}{{coord>36.80|-118.55|name=Kings Canyon|type:landmark}}March 4, 1940}}461901.20|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}699,023Home to several giant sequoia groves and the General Grant Tree, the world's second largest measured tree, this park also features part of the Kings River, sculptor of the dramatic granite canyon that is its namesake, and the San Joaquin River, as well as Boyden Cave.[73] Although Kings Canyon National Park was designated as such in 1940, it subsumed General Grant National Park, which had been established on October 1, 1890 as the United States' fourth national park. [74] [75][76](BR)[84]
Kobuk Valley{{coord>67.55|-159.28|name=Kobuk Valley|type:landmark}}December 2, 1980}}1750716.16|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}14,93761|mi|km}} of the Kobuk River and three regions of sand dunes. Created by glaciers, the Great Kobuk, Little Kobuk, and Hunt River Sand Dunes can reach {{convert|100|ft|m}} high and {{convert|100|F|C}}, and they are the largest dunes in the Arctic. Twice a year, half a million caribou migrate through the dunes and across river bluffs that expose well-preserved ice age fossils.[77]
Lake Clark{{coord>60.97|-153.42|name=Lake Clark|type:landmark}}December 2, 1980}}2619816.49|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}14,479The region around Lake Clark features four active volcanoes, including Mount Redoubt, as well as an abundance of rivers, glaciers, and waterfalls. Temperate rainforests, a tundra plateau, and three mountain ranges complete the landscape.[78]
Lassen Volcanic{{coord>40.49|-121.51|name=Lassen Volcanic|type:landmark}}August 9, 1916}}106589.02|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}499,435Lassen Peak, the largest lava dome volcano in the world, is joined by all three other types of volcanoes in this park: shield, cinder cone, and composite. Though Lassen itself last erupted in 1915, most of the rest of the park is continuously active. Numerous hydrothermal features, including fumaroles, boiling pools, and bubbling mud pots, are heated by molten rock from beneath the peak.[79]
Mammoth Cave {{double dagger}}{{coord>37.18|-86.10|name=Mammoth Cave|type:landmark}}July 1, 1941}}54011.91|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}533,206400|mi|km}} of passageways explored, Mammoth Cave is the world's longest known cave system. Subterranean wildlife includes eight bat species, Kentucky cave shrimp, Northern cavefish, and cave salamanders. Above ground, the park provides recreation on the Green River, 70 miles of hiking trails, and plenty of sinkholes and springs.[80] (WHS)[81] (BR)[82]
Mesa Verde *{{coord>37.18|-108.49|name=Mesa Verde|type:landmark}}June 29, 1906}}52485.17|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}563,420This area constitutes over 4,000 archaeological sites of the Ancestral Puebloan people, who lived here and elsewhere in the Four Corners region for at least 700 years. Cliff dwellings built in the 12th and 13th centuries include Cliff Palace, which has 150 rooms and 23 kivas, and the Balcony House, with its many passages and tunnels.[83] (WHS)[84]
Mount Rainier{{coord>46.85|-121.75|name=Mount Rainier|type:landmark}}March 2, 1899}}236381.64|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}1,518,491Mount Rainier, an active stratovolcano, is the most prominent peak in the Cascades and is covered by 26 named glaciers including Carbon Glacier and Emmons Glacier, the largest in the contiguous United States. The mountain is popular for climbing, and more than half of the park is covered by subalpine and alpine forests and meadows seasonally in bloom with wildflowers. Paradise on the south slope is the snowiest place on Earth where snowfall is measured regularly.[85] The Longmire visitor center is the start of the Wonderland Trail, which encircles the mountain.[86]
North Cascades{{coord>48.70|-121.20|name=North Cascades|type:landmark}}October 2, 1968}}504780.94|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}30,085This complex includes two geographically distinct units of the national park, as well as Ross Lake and Lake Chelan National Recreation Areas. The highly glaciated mountains are spectacular examples of Cascade geology. Popular hiking and climbing areas include Cascade Pass, Mount Shuksan, Mount Triumph, and Eldorado Peak.[87]
Olympic {{double dagger}}{{coord>47.97|-123.50|name=Olympic|type:landmark}}June 29, 1938}}922649.41|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}3,104,45512|ft|m|abbr=on}} of rain every year.[88][89] (WHS)[90] (BR)[91]
Petrified Forest{{coord>35.07|-109.78|name=Petrified Forest|type:landmark}}December 9, 1962}}221390.21|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}644,922This portion of the Chinle Formation has a large concentration of 225-million-year-old petrified wood. The surrounding Painted Desert features eroded cliffs of red-hued volcanic rock called bentonite. Dinosaur fossils and over 350 Native American sites are also protected in this park.[92]
Pinnacles{{coord>36.48|-121.16|name=Pinnacles|type:landmark}}January 10, 2013}}26685.73|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}222,152Named for the eroded leftovers of a portion of an extinct volcano, the park's massive black and gold monoliths of andesite and rhyolite are a popular destination for rock climbers. Hikers have access to trails crossing the Coast Range wilderness. The park is home to the endangered California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) and one of the few locations in the world where these extremely rare birds can be seen in the wild. Pinnacles also supports a dense population of prairie falcons, and more than 13 species of bat which populate its talus caves.[93]
Redwood *{{coord>41.30|-124.00|name=Redwood|type:landmark}}October 2, 1968}}138999.37|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}482,53637|mi|km}} of protected coastline reveal tide pools and seastacks. The prairie, estuary, coast, river, and forest ecosystems contain a wide variety of animal and plant species.[94] (WHS)[95]
Rocky Mountain {{dagger}}{{coord>40.40|-105.58|name=Rocky Mountain|type:landmark}}January 26, 1915}}265795.20|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}4,590,49312000|ft|m}}.[96] (BR)[97]
Saguaro{{coord>32.25|-110.50|name=Saguaro|type:landmark}}October 14, 1994}}91715.72|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}957,405Split into the separate Rincon Mountain and Tucson Mountain districts, this park is evidence that the dry Sonoran Desert is still home to a great variety of life spanning six biotic communities. Beyond the namesake giant saguaro cacti, there are barrel cacti, chollas, and prickly pears, as well as lesser long-nosed bats, spotted owls, and javelinas.[98]
Sequoia {{dagger}}{{coord>36.43|-118.68|name=Sequoia|type:landmark}}September 25, 1890}}404062.63|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}1,229,594This park protects the Giant Forest, which boasts some of the world's largest trees, the General Sherman being the largest measured tree in the park. Other features include over 240 caves, a long segment of the Sierra Nevada including the tallest mountain in the contiguous United States, and Moro Rock, a large granite dome.[99] (BR)[100]
Shenandoah{{coord>38.53|-78.35|name=Shenandoah|type:landmark}}December 26, 1935}}199217.77|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}1,264,880500|mi|km}} of hiking trails passing scenic overlooks and cataracts of the Shenandoah River.[101]
Theodore Roosevelt{{coord>46.97|-103.45|name=Theodore Roosevelt|type:landmark}}November 10, 1978}}70446.89|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}749,389This region that enticed and influenced President Theodore Roosevelt consists of a park of three units in the northern badlands. Besides Roosevelt's historic cabin, there are numerous scenic drives and backcountry hiking opportunities. Wildlife includes American bison, pronghorn, bighorn sheep, and wild horses.[102]
Virgin Islands{{coord>18.33|-64.73|name=Virgin Islands|type:landmark}}August 2, 1956}}14940.00|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}112,287This island park on Saint John preserves Taíno archaeological sites and the ruins of sugar plantations from Columbus's time, as well as all the natural environs. Surrounding the pristine beaches are mangrove forests, seagrass beds, and coral reefs.[103]
Voyageurs{{coord>48.50|-92.88|name=Voyageurs|type:landmark}}January 8, 1971}}218200.15|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}239,656This park protecting four lakes near the Canada–US border is a site for canoeing, kayaking, and fishing. The park also preserves a history populated by Ojibwe Native Americans, French fur traders called voyageurs, and gold miners. Formed by glaciers, the region features tall bluffs, rock gardens, islands, bays, and several historic buildings.[104]
Wind Cave{{coord>43.57|-103.48|name=Wind Cave|type:landmark}}January 9, 1903}}33970.84|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}656,397Wind Cave is distinctive for its calcite fin formations called boxwork, a unique formation rarely found elsewhere, and needle-like growths called frostwork. The cave is one of the longest and most complex caves in the world. Above ground is a mixed-grass prairie with animals such as bison, black-footed ferrets, and prairie dogs, and ponderosa pine forests that are home to cougars and elk.[105] The cave is culturally significant to the Lakota people as the site "from which Wakan Tanka, the Great Mystery, sent the buffalo out into their hunting grounds."[106]
Wrangell–St. Elias *{{coord>61.00|-142.00|name=Wrangell – St. Elias|type:landmark}}December 2, 1980}}8323146.48|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}79,4508|e6acre|km2|0}} plot of mountainous country—the largest national park in the system—protects the convergence of the Alaska, Chugach, and Wrangell-Saint Elias Ranges, which include many of the continent's tallest mountains and volcanoes, including the 18,008-foot Mount Saint Elias. More than a quarter of the park is covered with glaciers, including the tidewater Hubbard Glacier, piedmont Malaspina Glacier, and valley Nabesna Glacier.[107] (WHS)[108]
Yellowstone {{double dagger}}{{coord>44.60|-110.50|name=Yellowstone|type:landmark}}March 1, 1872}}2219790.71|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}4,115,000Situated on the Yellowstone Caldera, the park has an expansive network of geothermal areas including boiling mud pots, vividly colored hot springs such as Grand Prismatic Spring, and regularly erupting geysers, the best-known being Old Faithful. The yellow-hued Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River contains several high waterfalls, and four mountain ranges traverse the park. More than 60 mammal species including gray wolves, grizzly bears, black bears, lynxes, bison, and elk, make this park one of the best wildlife viewing spots in the country.[109] (WHS)[110] (BR)[111]
Yosemite *{{coord>37.83|-119.50|name=Yosemite|type:landmark}}October 1, 1890}}761747.50|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}4,009,4362425|ft|m}} high. Three giant sequoia groves, along with a pristine wilderness in the heart of the Sierra Nevada, are home to a wide variety of rare plant and animal species.[112] (WHS)[113]
Zion{{coord>37.30|-113.05|name=Zion|type:landmark}}November 19, 1919}}147237.02|acre|km2|1|sortable=on}}4,320,033Located at the junction of the Colorado Plateau, Great Basin, and Mojave Desert, this park contains sandstone features such as mesas, rock towers, and canyons, including the Virgin River Narrows. The various sandstone formations and the forks of the Virgin River create a wilderness divided into four ecosystems: desert, riparian, woodland, and coniferous forest.[114]

See also

  • List of areas in the United States National Park System
  • List of the United States National Park System official units
  • History of the National Park Service
  • List of National Monuments of the United States
  • List of U.S. National Forests
  • List of World Heritage Sites in the United States

References

1. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm |title=National Park System (U.S. National Park Service) |date=2018-03-15}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nature.nps.gov/air/Regs/npsOrganic.cfm|title=NPS Organic Act Overview|date=17 January 2007|website=nature.nps.gov|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=26 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206142738/https://www.nature.nps.gov/air/regs/npsorganic.cfm|archivedate=6 February 2017|deadurl=no}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/?search=&searchSites=&search_by_country=United+States®ion=&search_yearinscribed=&themes=&criteria_restrication=&type=&media=&order=country&description= |title=World Heritage List - United States of America |website=whc.unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |accessdate=25 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225001929/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/?search=&searchSites=&search_by_country=United%2BStates®ion=&search_yearinscribed=&themes=&criteria_restrication=&type=&media=&order=country&description= |archivedate=25 February 2017 |deadurl=no |df= }}
4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/united-states-of-america/ |title=UNESCO » Biosphere Reserves » United States of America |date=November 2015 |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=22 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222235151/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/united-states-of-america/ |archivedate=22 February 2017 |deadurl=no |df= }}
5. ^1 {{cite book|title=The National Parks: Index 2012–2016|publisher=National Park Service|location=Washington, D.C.|url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/upload/NPIndex2012-2016.pdf|accessdate=19 November 2018|format=PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113065657/https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/upload/NPIndex2012-2016.pdf|archivedate=13 November 2018|deadurl=no}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Annual Visitation by Park Type or Region for: 2017 By Park Type|url=https://irma.nps.gov/Stats/SSRSReports/National%20Reports/Annual%20Visitation%20by%20Park%20Type%20or%20Region%20(1979%20-%20Last%20Calendar%20Year)|website=Irma.NPS.gov|accessdate=1 March 2018}}
7. ^"{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalparks.org/connect/blog/how-many-national-parks-are-there |title=How many national parks are there? |website=nationalparks.org |publisher=National Park Foundation |last=Lower |first=Rocío |date=17 October 2016 |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222145445/https://www.nationalparks.org/connect/blog/how-many-national-parks-are-there |archivedate=22 February 2017 |deadurl=no |quote=The National Park System encompasses 417 national parks in the United States.... Within the system, there are 59 sites that include 'National Park' as part of their proper name}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://home.nps.gov/applications/budget2/documents/chronop.pdf |title=National Park System Areas Listed in Chronological Order of Date Authorized under DOI |date=27 June 2005 |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=18 January 2010 |format=PDF |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311003821/http://home.nps.gov/applications/budget2/documents/chronop.pdf |archivedate=March 11, 2012 }}
9. ^{{cite web|title=National Reports|url=https://irma.nps.gov/Stats/Reports/National|work=National Park Service|accessdate=23 February 2018|quote=Click on Park Acreage Reports (1997 – Last Calendar/Fiscal Year), then select By Park, Calendar Year, , and then click the View PDF Report button - the areas used here are the Gross Area Acres which are in the final column of the report}}
10. ^1 {{cite web|title=Annual Park Ranking Report for Recreation Visitors in: 2017|url=https://irma.nps.gov/Stats/SSRSReports/National%20Reports/Annual%20Park%20Ranking%20Report%20(1979%20-%20Last%20Calendar%20Year)|website=irma.nps.gov|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=11 March 2019}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/acad/|title=Acadia National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/acad/planyourvisit/placestogo.htm|title=Acadia National Park Places To Go|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=28 January 2014}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/npsa/|title=National Park of American Samoa|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/arch/learn/nature/rockstars.htm|title=Arches National Park - Arches Rock Stars|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=25 February 2017}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/arch/|title=Arches National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/badl/learn/nature/fossils.htm|title=Badlands National Park - Fossils|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=25 February 2017}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/badl/|title=Badlands National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/bibe/|title=Big Bend National Park|date=December 8, 2009|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/united-states-of-america/big-bend/ |title=Big Bend Biosphere Reserve and National Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224215310/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/united-states-of-america/big-bend/ |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no |df= }}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/bisc/|title=Biscayne National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/blca/|title=Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/brca/|title=Bryce Canyon National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/cany/|title=Canyonlands National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/care/|title=Capitol Reef National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/cave/|title=Carlsbad Caverns National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/721 |title=World Heritage List - Carlsbad Caverns National Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224235812/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/721 |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/chis/|title=Channel Islands National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/united-states-of-america/channel-islands/ |title=Channel Islands Biosphere Reserve |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224221017/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/united-states-of-america/channel-islands/ |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no |df= }}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/cong/|title=Congaree National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA+38&mode=all |title=South Atlantic Coastal Plain Biosphere Reserve |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224221412/http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA%2B38&mode=all |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no |df= }}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/crla/|title=Crater Lake National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/cuva/|title=Cuyahoga Valley National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/cuva/planyourvisit/train.htm|title=Cuyahoga Valley National Park Scenic Railroad|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=4 November 2012}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/deva/planyourvisit/must-see-highlights.htm |title=Must See Highlights: Badwater Basin |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=4 March 2018}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/deva/|title=Death Valley National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
36. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA+39&mode=all |title=Mojave and Colorado Deserts Biosphere Reserve |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224222750/http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA%2039&mode=all |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no |df= }}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/dena/|title=Denali National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/united-states-of-america/denali/ |title=Denali Biosphere Reserve and National Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224223121/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/united-states-of-america/denali/ |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no |df= }}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/drto/|title=Dry Tortugas National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
40. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/united-states-of-america/everglades-dry-tortugas/ |title=Everglades & Dry Tortugas Biosphere Reserve |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224223308/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/united-states-of-america/everglades-dry-tortugas/ |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no |df= }}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/ever/|title=Everglades National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/76 |title=World Heritage List - Everglades National Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224234515/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/76 |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/gaar/|title=Gates of the Arctic National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trump-signs-s-1438-law/|title=President Donald J. Trump Signs S. 1438 into Law|date=February 22, 2018|website=whitehouse.gov|publisher=The White House|accessdate=19 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222225941/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trump-signs-s-1438-law/|archivedate=22 February 2018|deadurl=no}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/jeff/index.htm/|title=Gateway Arch National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 February 2018}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/glac/|title=Glacier National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
47. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/glac/learn/nature/fossils.htm|title=Glacier National Park - Fossils|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=25 February 2017}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/354 |title=World Heritage List - Waterton Glacier International Peace Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224235829/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/354 |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no}}
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/united-states-of-america/glacier/ |title=Glacier Biosphere Reserve and National Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224224518/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/united-states-of-america/glacier/ |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no |df= }}
50. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/glba/|title=Glacier Bay National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
51. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA+41&mode=all |title=Glacier Bay and Admiralty Island Biosphere Reserve |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224231453/http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA%2B41&mode=all |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no |df= }}
52. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/grca/|title=Grand Canyon National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
53. ^{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/75 |title=World Heritage List - Grand Canyon National Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224234633/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/75 |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no}}
54. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/grte/|title=Grand Teton National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
55. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/grba/|title=Great Basin National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
56. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/grsa/|title=Great Sand Dunes National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
57. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/grsm/|title=Great Smoky Mountains National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
58. ^{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/259 |title=World Heritage List - Great Smoky Mountains National Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224235444/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/259 |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no}}
59. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA+44&mode=all |title=Southern Appalachian Biosphere Reserve |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224231827/http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA%2B44&mode=all |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no |df= }}
60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/gumo/|title=Guadalupe Mountains National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
61. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/hale/|title=Haleakala National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
62. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA+32&mode=all |title=Hawaiian Islands Biosphere Reserve |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224230939/http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA%2B32&mode=all |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no |df= }}
63. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/havo/|title=Hawaii Volcanoes National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
64. ^{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/409 |title=World Heritage List - Hawaii Volcanoes National Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224235652/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/409 |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
65. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/hosp/|title=Hot Springs National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
66. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/president-donald-j-trump-signs-s-1438-law/ |title=President Donald J. Trump Signs S. 1438 into Law |work=White House}}
67. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/indu/|title=Indiana Dunes National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=16 February 2019}}
68. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/isro/|title=Isle Royale National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
69. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA+33&mode=all |title=Isle Royale Biosphere Reserve and National Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224231145/http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA%2B33&mode=all |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no |df= }}
70. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/jotr/|title=Joshua Tree National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
71. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/katm/|title=Katmai National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
72. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/kefj/|title=Kenai Fjords National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
73. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/seki/|title=Kings Canyon National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
74. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/seki/learn/historyculture/index.htm |title=Kings Canyon National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=13 July 2018}}
75. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lDo3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA35|page=35|title=Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks: Final General Management Plan and Comprehensive River Management Plan/Environmental Impact Statement|publisher=U.S. National Park Service|year=2006|accessdate=13 July 2018}}
76. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/dilsaver-tweed/chap4c.htm|title=Expansion of Sequoia and Creation of General Grant|publisher=U.S. National Park Service|work=Challenge of the Big Trees|author=Dilsaver, Lary M. |author2=Tweed, William C.|year=1990|accessdate=13 July 2018}}
77. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/kova/|title=Kobuk Valley National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
78. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/lacl/|title=Lake Clark National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
79. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/lavo/|title=Lassen Volcanic National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
80. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/maca/|title=Mammoth Cave National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
81. ^{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/150 |title=World Heritage List - Mammoth Cave National Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224235220/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/150 |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no}}
82. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA+46&mode=all |title=Biosphere Reserve and National Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224232043/http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA%2B46&mode=all |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no |df= }}
83. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/meve/|title=Mesa Verde National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
84. ^{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/27 |title=World Heritage List - Mesa Verde National Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224234002/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/27 |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no}}
85. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/mora/faqs.htm|title=Mount Rainier National Park-Frequently Asked Questions|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=28 February 2017}}
86. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/mora/|title=Mount Rainier National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
87. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/noca/|title=North Cascades National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
88. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/olym/planyourvisit/upload/weather.pdf|title=Olympic National Park-Weather and Climate|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=28 February 2017}}
89. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/olym/|title=Olympic National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
90. ^{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/151 |title=World Heritage List - Olympic National Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224235319/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/151 |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no}}
91. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA+17&mode=all |title=Olympic Biosphere Reserve and National Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224225023/http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA%2B17&mode=all |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no |df= }}
92. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/pefo/|title=Petrified Forest National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
93. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/pinn/|title=Pinnacles National Park|date=January 11, 2013|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=2013-01-12}}
94. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/redw/|title=Redwood National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
95. ^{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/134 |title=World Heritage List - Redwood National and State Parks |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224235031/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/134 |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no}}
96. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/romo/|title=Rocky Mountain National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
97. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA+19&mode=all |title=Rocky Mountain Biosphere Reserve and National Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224225216/http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA%2B19&mode=all |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no |df= }}
98. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/sagu/|title=Saguaro National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
99. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/seki/|title=Sequoia National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
100. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA+22&mode=all |title=Sequoia and Kings Canyon Biosphere Reserve and National Parks |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224225522/http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA%2B22&mode=all |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no |df= }}
101. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/shen/|title=Shenandoah National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
102. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/thro/|title=Theodore Roosevelt National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
103. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/viis/|title=Virgin Islands National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
104. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/voya/|title=Voyageurs National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
105. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/wica/|title=Wind Cave National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
106. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/wica/learn/historyculture/wind-caves-early-days.htm|title=Wind Cave's Early Days|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=28 February 2017}}
107. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/wrst/|title=Wrangell – St. Elias National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
108. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/72 |title=World Heritage List - Kluane / Wrangell-St. Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224234804/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/72 |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no}}
109. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/yell/|title=Yellowstone National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
110. ^{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/28 |title=World Heritage List - Yellowstone National Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224234321/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/28 |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no}}
111. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA+26&mode=all |title=Biosphere Reserve and National Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224230656/http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA%2B26&mode=all |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no |df= }}
112. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/yose/|title=Yosemite National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}
113. ^{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/308 |title=World Heritage List - Yosemite National Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=24 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224235557/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/308 |archivedate=24 February 2017 |deadurl=no}}
114. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/zion/|title=Zion National Park|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=23 March 2010}}

External links

{{wikivoyage|United States National Parks}}{{Commons category|National parks of the United States}}
  • {{Official website|http://www.nps.gov/index.htm}} of the National Park Service (NPS)
  • Find a park (NPS)
  • [https://irma.nps.gov/Stats/Reports/National Visitor use statistics] (NPS)
  • [https://www.pbs.org/nationalparks/ The National Parks: America's Best Idea] by PBS
  • [https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/lifestyle/national-parks/?tid=sm_tw America's Natural Heritage - The Essential Guide to the National Parks] by The Washington Post
  • Interactive map at [https://traveler.sharemap.org/ Sharemap.org] (beta testing)
{{National parks of the United States}}{{US Protected Areas}}{{Featured list}}{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of National Parks Of The United States}}

1 : Lists of national parks in the United States
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