“Lake Chaubunagungamaug”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Lake Chaubunagungamaug, also known as Webster Lake, is a lake in the town of Webster, Massachusetts. It is located near the Connecticut border and has a surface area of 1,442 acres. Since 1921, the lake has also been known by a much longer name having 45 letters comprising fourteen syllables: Lake Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg. The name attracts many tourists. It is a very famous lake, simply because it is the longest name of any place in all of the United States.

Name

The lake's name comes from Ln. Nipmuc, an Algonquian language, and is often said to mean, "Fishing Place at the Boundaries—Neutral Meeting Grounds".^[1] A more fitting translation is "lake divided by islands", according to anthropologist Ives Goddard.^[2]

Today, "Webster Lake" may be the name most used, but some (including many residents of Webster) take pride in reeling off the longer versions. This lake has several alternative names. Lake Chaubunagungamaug is the name of the lake as recognized by the U.S. Department of the Interior,^[3] and is the name appearing in the earliest local records.^[2]

A map of 1795, showing the town of Dudley,{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} and a 1795 map of Massachusetts indicated the name, using the long-form's first eight syllables, as "Chargoggagoggmanchoggagogg".^[7] A survey of the lake done in 1830 lists the name as "Chaubunagungamaugg", the six-syllable older name. The following year, both Dudley and Oxford, which then adjoined the lake, filed maps listing the lake by its eight-syllable form, as "Chargoggagoggmanchoggagogg".^[4] Anthropologist Ives Goddard considers that 1831 name to be a cartographer's creation that corrupted the actual name while confusing this lake with nearby Manchaug Pond.^[2]

Long name coined around 1921

The exaggerated name "Lake Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg" ({{IPA|/ˌleɪk tʃɚˈɡɒɡəɡɒɡ ˌmænˈtʃɔːɡəɡɒɡ tʃəˌbʌnəˈɡʌŋɡəmɔːɡ/}}),^[8]^[9] is a 45-letter alternative name for this body of fresh water, often cited as the longest place name in the United States^[10] and one of the longest in the world. Many area residents, as well as the official website of the town of Webster, consider the longer version correct.^[11]

The humorous translation is: "You fish on your side, I'll fish on my side, and no one shall fish in the middle". Both the exaggerated name and its humorous translation were apparently invented by Laurence J. Daly, editor of The Webster Times.^[1]^[12] According to Ives Goddard, Curator of Anthropology at the Smithsonian Institution, Daly created this "monstrosity" around 1921.^[13]

Spellings of the long name vary; in 2009, following six years of press reports, the local Chamber of Commerce agreed to have the spelling changed on its signs, but a 45-letter version of the name arrayed in a semicircle is still used.^[14] Webster schools use one long form of the name in various capacities.^[4]^[15]

Geography

Webster Lake is a {{convert|1442|acre|km2|adj=on}}^[16] lake with a {{convert|17|mi|km|adj=on}} shoreline in southern Massachusetts, near the Connecticut border. It is the third largest fresh body of water in Massachusetts, after slightly larger Long Pond, and the much larger Quabbin Reservoir. The average depth is {{convert|13|ft|m}} and the maximum depth is {{convert|49|ft|m}}.^[17]

Although the lake is natural in origin, its outlet has a dam that raises the water level by a couple feet.^[18] The dam initially provided water for a mill, and subsequently the water rights to the lake were owned by Cranston Print Works; currently, the dam is owned by Webster Lake Preservation LLC.^[18]

The lake is commonly divided into three smaller bodies of water: North Pond, Middle Pond, and South Pond. They are connected by narrow channels.^[18]

Islands

Webster Lake has about 7–8 islands. Some have houses and are habitable; a few are extremely small and uninhabitable. They include:

Marinas

In popular culture

In the 1950s, a plan to shorten the official name of the lake inspired a poem of doggerel verse which concludes:

Three songs about the lake's name have been written. The first was a regional song from the 1930s. The second was recorded by Ethel Merman and Ray Bolger and released in 1954 by Decca and incorporates the tale about the lake's name according to the name's inventor, Laurence J. Daly, editor of The Webster Times. The most recent was released in 2010 by Diane Taraz.

See also

References

1. ^¹{{cite news|url=http://www.websterlakeassociation.com/GeneralInterest/Fabricationleavesusgasping.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030723082834/http://websterlakeassociation.com/GeneralInterest/Fabricationleavesusgasping.htm |dead-url=yes |archive-date=July 23, 2003 |title=Fabrication leaves us gasping - Old twist to name of lake comes to light |last=Patenaude |first=Ed |date=June 28, 2001 |work=Worcester Telegram & Gazette |accessdate=May 31, 2011 |df= }}
2. ^{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Jeff|date=1 April 2006|url=http://members.aol.com/gulfhigh2/words10.html|title=A Collection of Word Oddities and Trivia|accessdate=May 25, 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013132235/http://members.aol.com/gulfhigh2/words10.html|archivedate=2007-10-13}}
3. ^{{cite gnis|619290|Lake Chaubunagungamaug|2011-04-14}}
4. ^¹²Old Webster History, from the Webster TIMES Centennial Anniversary Issue, 1859-1959.
5. ^Trumbull, James Hammond. 1881. Indian Names of Places etc., In and On the Borders of Connecticut: With interpretations of Some of Them. Reprinted in facsimile 1974 under title Indian Names in Connecticut by Archon Books, Hamden, Conn.
6. ^Goddard, Ives. 1974. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1264936?seq=2 Untitled review of Trumbull] in International Journal of American Linguistics Vol. 43, No. 2 (Apr., 1977), pp. 157–159, University of Chicago Press.
7. ^{{cite web|last1=Osgood|first1=Carleton|title=An accurate map of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts...|url=http://maps.bpl.org/id/10654|website=Boston Public Library|date=1795}}
8. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/audiopages/2004/11/19/national/20041120_LAKE_AUDIO.html "AUDIO: Singing a Name That's Hard to Say"], New York Times (November 19, 2004).
9. ^"OldeWebster Photo Archive" (Accessed September 16, 2015).
10. ^{{cite book|last=Ash|first=Russell|title=Boring, Botty and Spong|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bb-UfSQy7xYC&pg=PA68|date=10 November 2011|publisher=RHCP|isbn=978-1-4090-9739-6|page=68}}
11. ^Town of Webster, accessed January 15, 2007.
12. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/5198455/Longest-place-name-in-US-spelt-wrongly.html|title=Longest Place Name in US Spelt Wrongly|first=Sarah|last=Knapton|date=April 22, 2009|accessdate=March 28, 2012|newspaper=The Telegraph|location=London}}
13. ^¹²³Goddard, Ives. [https://www.nytimes.com/1990/09/29/opinion/l-time-to-retire-an-indian-place-name-hoax-571390.html "Time to Retire an Indian Place-Name Hoax"], The New York Times (Letter to Editor; September 29, 1990).
14. ^{{cite news|title=Misspelling on Lake Signs to Get Overdue Correction|url=http://www.telegram.com/article/20090414/NEWS/904140367|author=Brian Lee|publisher=Worcester Telegram & Gazette|date=2009-04-14}}
15. ^Nipmuc Place Names of New England
16. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20100309191053/http://www.mass.gov/dfwele/dfw/habitat/maps/ponds/pdf/dfwwebst.pdf "Webster Lake"], Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, Commonwealth of Massachusetts (February 1998), via Archive.org
17. ^"Webster Lake Cyanobacteria Investigation: Phase I", Prepared by Water Resource Services, Inc., for the Webster Lake Association (November 2014).
18. ^¹²"About Webster Lake", Webster Lake Association. Accessed September 6, 2015.
19. ^Poem by Bertha A. Joslin.