词条 | List of outdoor ice hockey games | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
Playing hockey games outdoors—in soccer, football and baseball stadiums—is an increasingly popular trend for junior, college, professional and international competitions in the 21st century. The popularity of outdoor games has resulted in attendance records in several leagues, and the current world record total of 104,173 was set at The Big Chill at the Big House, a December 2010 National Collegiate Athletic Association game between the University of Michigan and Michigan State University.[1] While other indoor sports such as basketball have been able to use outdoor tennis courts and even aircraft carriers for outdoor games, this is rarely possible in ice hockey because a regulation rink is generally much wider and longer than the playing surface available in either of those venues. Ice hockey, however, has been played at Stade Roland Garros, the venue of the French Open in tennis. Staging a Vysshaya liga game on the Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov has been considered as well. To compensate for the varying weather conditions at outdoor ice hockey games, the teams may switch sides after each half of a period. HistoryIn the early history of hockey, games were played outdoors on rivers, lakes, and other naturally occurring ice surfaces. In fact, the first indoor game, held in 1875, was a novelty at the time, yet after that the game moved inside. While the first Olympic hockey tournament, held in 1920, was played indoors, games at the first Winter Olympics in 1924 were the first of several such tournaments to be played outdoors.[1] Games at the World Championships were occasionally played outdoors, including the 1957 gold medal game between the Soviet Union and Sweden at the Lenin Stadium in Moscow. The attendance at that game was approximately 55,000, a number that stood as a record for more than 40 years.[2] In 1954, the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL) played an exhibition game on an outdoor ice surface against the inmates of Michigan's Marquette Branch Prison.[3] While the New York Rangers and the Los Angeles Kings played an NHL exhibition game in 1991 outside Caesars Palace in Las Vegas,[4] the modern trend for outdoor competition began in 2001. That year, Michigan State University and the University of Michigan played to a 3–3 tie in an outdoor game known as the Cold War before 74,554 fans. The game was held at Michigan State's Spartan Stadium, with the hockey rink set up in the middle of the football field.[5] The NHL's first regular season outdoor game ensued: the 2003 Heritage Classic, hosted by the Edmonton Oilers, who lost by a 4–3 score to the Montreal Canadiens. Though the game was played in frigid temperatures that went as low as {{convert|-19|°C|°F}}, it drew over 57,000 fans and was hailed as a success.[6] The league followed it up in 2008 when it inaugurated the NHL Winter Classic as an annual event to be held on New Year's Day. The 2008 NHL Winter Classic, held in Buffalo, set an NHL attendance record of 71,217.[8] The 2014 NHL Winter Classic, held at Michigan Stadium in Ann Arbor, Michigan, set a new NHL attendance record of 105,491.[7] In 2011, for the first time the NHL hosted two outdoor games, the Winter Classic in Pittsburgh, and the Heritage Classic in Calgary. Outdoor games have been held by many leagues around the world. The Swiss league's SCL Tigers hosted SC Bern in an outdoor game to celebrate the 100th Tigers–Bern Derby in 2007.[8] In 2009, Swedish clubs Frölunda HC and Färjestads BK played a game at Ullevi. The game broke the former European league-game record for attendance at that time with a crowd of 31,144 (beaten in February 2011 when Jokerit and HIFK played in front of 36,644 spectators).[9] The game also broke the Swedish record crowd of 23,192, set in the same stadium in 1962.[10] The current world record for attendance at a hockey game was set in December 2010, in an NCAA game between the same two teams that participated in the Cold War. In this game, Michigan hosted Michigan State in an event known as The Big Chill at the Big House. The game had an announced attendance of 113,411 spectators, but Guinness World Records certified the attendance as 104,173 based on tickets scanned.[1][14][11] The record had previously been set at the opening game of the 2010 IIHF World Championship, in which the hosting Germans defeated the United States 2–1 before a then-record 77,803 fans. Although the game was held at Veltins-Arena in Gelsenkirchen, it was not technically an outdoor game, as the stadium's retractable roof was closed due to International Ice Hockey Federation regulations.[12][13][14] In 2010, Färjestad and Frölunda again played an outdoor game against each other, this time in Karlstad. 15,274 spectators saw Färjestad win the game 5–2.[19] PopularityOutdoor games have proven to be immensely popular with fans. For the 2003 Heritage Classic, the NHL received over 900,000 requests from all over the world for a chance to buy one of the 57,167 tickets available. CBC's Hockey Night in Canada telecast of the game drew 2.7 million viewers, a record for a regular season game for the half-century old television program.[15] In the United States, the Winter Classics have been a ratings winner; 4.56 million people watched the 2011 Winter Classic, and the game led to a ratings win for NBC in the coveted 18–49 age group despite the fact that poor weather forced the NHL to move the start time of the game back several hours on less than a day's notice.[16] It became the most watched NHL regular season game in the last 36 years.[17] The games have been credited as causing increased interest in hockey in the United States.[18] In Russia, the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) hosted its first All-Star Game in 2009 in Moscow's Red Square. The league used the location to promote the KHL amidst the global financial crisis.[24] GamesThough games have been held outdoors since the sport's earliest days, this list contains only those held since the 2001 Cold War popularized the trend of holding outdoor games as events.
See also
Notes1. {{note|a}}The SEL Outdoor Classic was renamed the SHL Outdoor Classic due to the league name change in June 2013. 2. {{note|b}}The Rangers are designated as the away team for their outdoor games as a legal fiction; their home arena, Madison Square Garden, receives tax-exempt status, but only if the Rangers do not "cease playing" home games at MSG, generally interpreted as playing any "home" game outside of MSG. References1. ^{{cite book |last=Podnieks |first=Andrew |title=Canada's Olympic Hockey History 1920–2010 |publisher=Fenn Publishing |location=Toronto |page=23 |isbn=1-55168-323-7}} 2. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/sports/columns/top10/hockeygimmicks.html |title=Hockey gimmicks |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=2011-01-02}} 3. ^Red Wings Played Prison Hockey Team In 1954. Greatest Hockey Legends.com (2010-03-24). Retrieved on 2011-01-07. 4. ^{{cite web |last=Huskey |first=Melody |url=http://kings.nhl.com/club/news.htm?bcid=401141 |title=Kings no stranger to outdoor game |publisher=Los Angeles Kings Hockey Club |date=2008-12-31 |accessdate=2011-01-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001234430/http://kings.nhl.com/club/news.htm?bcid=401141 |archivedate=2011-10-01 |df= }} 5. ^1 {{cite web |last=Finsterwalder |first=Brandon |url=http://badgerherald.com/sports/2001/10/08/outdoor_hockey_game.php |title=Outdoor hockey game |work=Badger Herald |date=2001-10-08 |accessdate=2011-01-02}} 6. ^{{citation |last=Dolezar |first=John |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2003/writers/jon_dolezar/11/23/heritage.classic/ |title=Instant Classic |publisher=CNN Sports Illustrated |date=2003-11-23 |accessdate=2011-01-02}} 7. ^http://espn.go.com/nhl/recap?gameId=400484853 8. ^1 {{cite web |last=Von Zaugg |first=Klaus |last2=Pflugshaupt |first2=Peter |url=http://www.blick.ch/sport/eishockey/artikel53661 |title=Lob von Sämi für das Hockey-Spektakel |language=German |publisher=Blick.ch |date=2007-01-15 |accessdate=2011-01-02}} 9. ^1 {{cite web |last=Andersson |first=Pär |url=http://www.dn.se/sport/ishockey/publikkaos-nar-europarekordet-slogs-1.1020220 |title=Publikkaos när Europarekordet slogs |language=Swedish |publisher=Dagens Nyheter | date=2009-12-28 | accessdate=2011-01-02}} 10. ^{{cite news |last=Klein |first=Jeff Z. |url=http://slapshot.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/28/122809-big-crowd-for-outdoor-game-but-in-sweden/ |title=12/28/09: Big Crowd for Outdoor Game . . . but in Sweden |work=The New York Times |date=2009-12-28 |accessdate=2011-01-03}} 11. ^{{cite web|last=Janela|first=Mike|title=Highest ice hockey game attendance|url=http://community.guinnessworldrecords.com/_Highest-ice-hockey-game-attendance/BLOG/3099369/7691.html|work=guinnessworldrecords.com|date=14 December 2010|accessdate=2011-01-04|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110125132212/http://community.guinnessworldrecords.com/_Highest-ice-hockey-game-attendance/blog/3099369/7691.html|archivedate=25 January 2011|df=}} 12. ^{{cite web |last=Adams |first=Alan |url=http://www.iihf.com/channels10/iihf-world-championship-wc10/news/news-singleview-world-championship/article/historic-win-for-germany.html |title=Historic win for Germany |publisher=International Ice Hockey Federation |date=2010-05-07 |accessdate=2011-01-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100512122053/http://www.iihf.com/channels10/iihf-world-championship-wc10/news/news-singleview-world-championship/article/historic-win-for-germany.html |archivedate=2010-05-12 |df= }} 13. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=398228 |title=Germany 2010 hosts aim for world-record 75,976 in Gelsenkrichen's Veltins-Arena |publisher=National Hockey League |date=2008-12-15 |accessdate=2011-01-07}} 14. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/club-events/news-singleview-club-events/article/113411-see-outdoor-game.html|title=113,411 see outdoor game|publisher=International Ice Hockey Federation |date=2010-12-12 |accessdate=2011-01-07}} 15. ^{{Cite book |last=Pincus |first=Arthur |year=2006 |title=The Official Illustrated NHL History |publisher=Readers Digest |isbn=0-88850-800-X |page=200}} 16. ^{{cite web |last=Wyshnyski |first=Greg |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/nhl/blog/puck_daddy/post/NHL-Winter-Classic-gives-NBC-key-ratings-win-in-?urn=nhl-302507 |title=NHL Winter Classic gives NBC key ratings win in prime time |publisher=Yahoo! 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|language=German |publisher=Die Presse |date=2010-01-09 |accessdate=2011-01-02}} 33. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rowanicehockey.com/news/pond.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-01-01 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102195808/http://www.rowanicehockey.com/news/pond.pdf |archivedate=January 2, 2014 |df= }} www.rowanicehockey.com January 2, 2014. 34. ^1 {{cite web |last=Baggot |first=Andy |url=http://host.madison.com/sports/college/hockey/article_f34c8c53-7621-5cbe-9a3c-f0c6fec8acdb.html |title=Can Camp Randall Hockey Classic do it again? |publisher=madison.com |date=2010-02-09 |accessdate=2011-01-02}} 35. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.syracusecrunch.com/News/Detail/2714/2009-10 |title=AHL Record Crowd of 21,508 Sees Crunch Beat Binghamton |publisher=Syracuse Crunch Hockey Club |date=2010-02-21 |accessdate=2010-11-04}} 36. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nahl.com/news/story.cfm?id=1470 |title=Outdoor game another success in Fairbanks |publisher=North 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October 2014}} 85. ^http://www.theduquesneduke.com/sports/he-dukes-he-scores-1.2946313/city-game-on-ice-moves-outside-1.2970556 86. ^http://theahl.com/stats/official-game-report.php?game_id=1010461 87. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lancers.com/leagues/newsletter.cfm?page=68016&clientID=1996&leagueID=4581 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-02-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233404/http://www.lancers.com/leagues/newsletter.cfm?page=68016&clientID=1996&leagueID=4581 |archivedate=2013-12-30 |df= }} 88. ^http://www.omavs.com/news/2013/2/9/MHOCKEY_0209135330.aspx{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 89. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.chicagonow.com/chicago-sports-guru/2012/07/college-hockey-doubleheader-coming-to-soldier-field-hockey-city-classic/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-11-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725035223/http://www.chicagonow.com/chicago-sports-guru/2012/07/college-hockey-doubleheader-coming-to-soldier-field-hockey-city-classic/ |archivedate=2012-07-25 |df= }} 90. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.ritathletics.com/news/2013/8/13/MHOCKEY_0813130640.aspx |title=Official name and logo announced for the 2013 Frozen Frontier |publisher=Rochester Institute of Technology |work=ritathletics.com |date=2013-08-13}} 91. ^{{cite web|url=http://shl.se/shl-arena/38665/postgame/ |title=Skellefteå segrare i julmatchen |publisher=Swedish Hockey League |work=shl.se |last=Gullbrand |first=Johannes |language=Swedish |date=2013-12-14 |accessdate=2013-12-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215001419/http://shl.se/shl-arena/38665/postgame/ |archivedate=2013-12-15 |df= }} 92. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.shl.se/artikel/38027/ |title=Frölunda HC möter Skellefteå AIK utomhus på Gamla Ullevi |publisher=Swedish Hockey League 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Sports |last=Cotsonika |first=Nick |date=2014-01-24 |accessdate=2014-02-08}} 101. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.boston.com/sports/blogs/thebuzz/2013/09/frozen_fenway_2014_official_schedule_released.html |title=Frozen Fenway 2014 official schedule released|date=September 26, 2013}} 102. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.umb.edu/news/detail/beacons_freeze_salem_state_in_memorable_citi_frozen_fenway_matchup|title=Beacons Freeze Salem State in Memorable Citi Frozen Fenway Matchup|date=January 10, 2014}} 103. ^{{cite news |url=http://articles.courant.com/2014-01-07/sports/hc-trinity-hockey-0108-20140107_1_trinity-loses-hockey-fest-nescac|title=Trinity Loses To Williams 4-2 At Frozen Fenway|date=January 7, 2014}} 104. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.babsonathletics.com/sports/m-hockey/2013-14/releases/20140109n7c0c6|title=No. 5 Norwich Edges No. 6 Men's Ice Hockey, 1-0, At Fenway Park|date=January 9, 2014}} 105. ^{{cite news |url=http://goriverhawks.com/news/2014/1/11/MICE_0111143728.aspx?path=mhockey|title=River Hawks Frustrated at Frozen Fenway|date=January 11, 2014}} 106. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.goblackbears.com/sports/m-hockey/2013-14/releases/201401112h1aai|title=Lomberg, Shore and Hutton Tally Two Goals Each As Maine Skates Past BU 7-3 at Fenway Park|date=January 11, 2014}} 107. ^Lausanne Hockey Club. Lausanne Hockey Club "Winter Classic 2014" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031123421/http://www.lausannehc.ch/fr/49-actualites |date=2013-10-31 }}, January 12, 2014. 108. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.msumavericks.com/news/2014/1/17/WHOCKEY_0117145924.aspx?path=whockey|title=Mavericks Bested by No. 1 Minnesota Friday at the Hockey City Classic|date=January 17, 2014}} 109. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.ohiostatebuckeyes.com/sports/m-hockey/recaps/011814aaa.html|title=Buckeyes Drop 1-0 Game to No. 1 Minnesota in Hockey City Classic|date=January 18, 2014}} 110. ^1 http://www.vhlru.ru/russianclassic/ 111. ^http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=669439 112. ^1 http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=670867 113. ^1 http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=668718 114. ^Helsingin Sanomat 2014-03-01 115. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/club-events/news-singleview-club-events/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=9260|title=It was simply magic|date=December 21, 2014}} 116. ^1 http://www.toledowalleye.com/winterfest-2014/winterfest-faqs 117. ^{{cite news |url=http://bgsufalcons.com/news/2014/2/3/HOCKEY_0203142725.aspx|title=BGSU And Robert Morris To Play Outdoor Hockey Game|date=February 3, 2014}} 118. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.handelsblatt.com/eishockey-del-del-winter-game-bricht-europarekord-51-125-zuschauer-in-duesseldorf/11212062.html|title=DEL Winter Game bricht Europarekord: 51.125 Zuschauer in Düsseldorf|language=German|date=January 10, 2015}} 119. ^1 2 http://www.theqmjhl.ca/article/winter-classic-cataractes-wins-historical-outdoors-game 120. ^http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=727960 121. ^{{cite web |url=http://stocktonheat.com/news/grant-kylington-and-shore-lead-heat-to-3-2-win-at-raley-field/ |title=Grant, Kylington and Shore Lead Heat to 3-2 Win at Raley Field |publisher=Stockton Heat |date=December 19, 2015 |accessdate=January 20, 2016}} 122. ^http://www.nhl.com/ice/news.htm?id=794629 123. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.nhl.com/gamecenter/en/recap?id=2015020565 | title=Canadiens overwhelm Bruins to win Winter Classic | publisher=NHL.com | date=January 1, 2016 | accessdate=December 5, 2017}} 124. ^http://www.del-2.org/nachrichten/del2/2540-huskies_gewinnen_del2-auftaktspektakel_vor_30000.html 125. ^https://globalnews.ca/news/3020890/edmonton-oilers-shutout-winnipeg-jets-in-heritage-classic/ 126. ^http://www.erstebankliga.at/stats-ebel/spiel?gameId=a259f46e-d332-497a-b849-e42bee945c1e&divisionId=810 127. ^http://www.erstebankliga.at/stats-ebel/spiel?gameId=19e251dc-f7ae-4bdf-9433-d896458b501e&divisionId=810 128. ^https://www.lequipe.fr/Hockey-sur-glace/Actualites/Grenoble-s-impose-au-parc-ol-record-d-affluence-pour-un-match-de-hockey/764664 129. ^http://lesportdauphinois.com/2016/12/31/winter-game-25000-personnes-parc-ol-vraiment/ 130. ^{{cite news|url=http://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2017/02/25/fans-brave-dropping-temperatures-for-nhl-stadium-series-game/|title=Fans Brave Dropping Temperatures For NHL Stadium Series Game|publisher=KDKA-TV|date=February 25, 2017|accessdate=March 6, 2017}} 131. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.khl.ru/news/2017/06/06/348528.html|title=Jokerit to host SKA in open-air classic|publisher=en.khl.ru |date=June 6, 2017 |accessdate=December 5, 2017}} 132. ^{{cite web |url=http://en.khl.ru/news/2017/12/02/370722.html |title=A day for the history books. Helsinki Ice Challenge. December 2 |publisher=en.khl.ru |date=December 2, 2017 |accessdate=December 5, 2017}} 133. ^{{Cite news|url=http://ottawa67s.com/article/ottawa-67s-host-gatineau-historic-outdoor-game|title=Ottawa 67’s to Host Gatineau in Historic Outdoor Game - Ottawa 67s|date=2017-11-08|work=Ottawa 67s|access-date=2017-11-20|language=en-US}} 134. ^{{Cite news|url=http://ottawa67s.com/article/olympiques-outlast-67s-chilly-outdoor-game|title=Olympiques outlast 67’s in chilly outdoor game - Ottawa 67s|date=2017-12-17|work=Ottawa 67s|access-date=2017-12-20|language=en-US}} 135. ^{{cite web|title=Sources: Outdoor game planned for 2018 World Juniors in Buffalo|url=https://www.tsn.ca/sources-outdoor-game-planned-for-2018-world-juniors-in-buffalo-1.403558|website=TSN.ca|publisher=Bell Media|date=December 3, 2015}} 136. ^{{cite web|title=Canada faces U.S. outdoors at 2018 WJC|url=https://www.tsn.ca/canada-to-face-u-s-in-outdoor-game-at-wjc-1.594972|website=TSN.ca|publisher=Bell Media|accessdate=October 28, 2016}} 137. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.nhl.com/news/new-york-rangers-buffalo-sabres-game-recap/c-294559736 | title=Miller overtime goal lifts Rangers past Sabres in Winter Classic | publisher=NHL.com | date= January 1, 2018 | accessdate=January 3, 2018}} 138. ^https://www.dinamoriga.lv/en/club-news/dinamo-riga-to-play-an-outdoor-khl-game 139. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.vhlru.ru/lenta/167469/ |script-title=ru:ФХР утвердила логотип «Русской классики»-2018|accessdate=2017-12-20 |publisher=vhlru.ru|language=Russian}} 140. ^http://www.tvasports.ca/2017/05/24/la-classique-hivernale-2018-a-drummondville 141. ^http://theqmjhl.ca/gamecentre/25914/boxscore 142. ^http://voltigeurs.ca/classique-hivernale-2018/ 143. ^http://theqmjhl.ca/gamecentre/25915/boxscore 144. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.nhl.com/news/toronto-maple-leafs-washington-capitals-game-recap/c-296600376 | title=Ovechkin scores 40th, Capitals top Maple Leafs in Stadium Series | publisher=NHL.com | date= March 3, 2018 | accessdate=March 4, 2018}} 145. ^{{cite web|author1=NHL Public Relations|title=Blackhawks, Bruins to face off in 2019 Winter Classic|url=https://www.nhl.com/news/2019-winter-classic-bruins-blackhawks-announced/c-293098132|website=NHL.com|publisher=National Hockey League|accessdate=January 20, 2018|date=November 18, 2017}} 146. ^{{cite web|author1=247 Sports|title=Michigan, Notre Dame to play outdoor hockey game in 2019|url=https://247sports.com/college/michigan/Article/Michigan-Notre-Dame-hockey-to-play-outdoor-hockey-game-at-Notre-Dame-Stadium-in-2019-118342008/|website=247sports.com|publisher=247 Sports|accessdate=August 24, 2018|date=May 18, 2018}} 147. ^{{cite web|author1=Philadelphia Flyers|title=2019 Coors Light NHL Stadium Series Announced|url=https://www.nhl.com/flyers/news/2019-coors-light-nhl-stadium-series-announced--philadelphia-flyers/c-293158878|website=PhiladelphiaFlyers.com|publisher=National Hockey League|accessdate=January 20, 2018|date=November 19, 2017}} External links{{portal bar|ice hockey}}{{NHL Winter Classic}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Outdoor Games, Ice Hockey}} 3 : Outdoor ice hockey games|History of ice hockey|Ice hockey-related lists |
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