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词条 List of Oval Office desks
释义

  1. The Oval Office

  2. The desks

  3. Chronology

  4. Notes

  5. References

United States presidents have used six different desks in the Oval Office, their executive office. In addition to the Resolute desk, used by all U.S. presidents since 1993, other occupants of the office have used the Theodore Roosevelt desk, the Hoover desk, the Johnson desk, the Wilson desk, and the C&O desk.

The first Oval Office was constructed in 1909, rebuilt after a 1929 fire, and demolished in 1933. The current Oval Office was completed in 1934.

The Theodore Roosevelt desk has been used by seven presidents in the Oval Office, making it the longest-serving desk. Prior to that, it was used by Theodore Roosevelt in his non-oval executive office from 1903 to 1909.

The C&O desk was used in the Oval Office for one four-year term, 1989–1993, making it the shortest-serving desk.

The Oval Office

{{main|Oval Office}}

The current oval-shaped Oval Office is the second iteration of this room and is the official office of the President of the United States. It is located in the West Wing of the White House complex. The Oval Office desk sits in front of the south wall which is composed of three large windows.

President William Howard Taft constructed the first permanent West Wing to the White House, intending it to be the hub of his administration.[1] Designed by Nathan C. Wyeth and completed in 1909, this wing included the first official Oval Office.[2] On December 24, 1929, during President Herbert Hoover's administration, a fire severely damaged the West Wing. He reconstructed the part of the White House affected, including the Oval Office, reopening them later in his presidency.

Dissatisfied with the size and layout of the West Wing, President Franklin D. Roosevelt engaged New York architect Eric Gugler to redesign it in 1933. Gugler's most visible addition was the expansion of the building eastward for a new Cabinet Room and Oval Office.[3] The modern Oval Office was built at the West Wing's southeast corner, offering Roosevelt, who was physically disabled and used a wheelchair, more privacy and easier access to the residence. Roosevelt and Gugler devised a room architecturally grander than the previous two rooms, with more robust Georgian details. Rather than a chandelier or ceiling fixture, the room is illuminated by light bulbs hidden within the cornice that "wash" the ceiling in light.[4] Construction of the modern Oval Office was completed in 1934.

The desks

DeskUsed as Oval Office Desk byNotesCurrent LocationPicture
Theodore Roosevelt desk William Howard Taft
Woodrow Wilson
Warren G. Harding
Calvin Coolidge
Herbert Hoover[5]
Harry S. Truman
Dwight Eisenhower		 This desk was created in 1903 for then President Theodore Roosevelt. It was first used in the Oval Office by William Howard Taft and remained there until the West Wing fire in 1929. It remained in storage until 1945 when Harry S. Truman placed it in the modern Oval Office. Richard Nixon used this desk in the Eisenhower Executive Office Building where Stephen Hess of the Brookings Institution presumes, "the Watergate tapes were made by an apparatus concealed in its drawer." [6] Vice President's Ceremonial Office,
Eisenhower Executive Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
Hoover desk Herbert Hoover[5]
Franklin D. Roosevelt		82|by|44|in|m}}.[6][7] Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum,
Hyde Park, New York
Resolute desk John F. Kennedy
Jimmy Carter
Ronald Reagan
Bill Clinton
George W. Bush
Barack Obama
Donald Trump		Resolute|1850|6}} and given to Rutherford B. Hayes by Queen Victoria in 1879.[8] The desk resided in the White House in various rooms and had a hinged front panel added to it by Franklin D. Roosevelt, until Jacqueline Kennedy found it languishing in the "White House broadcast room."[8] She had it restored and moved into the Oval Office.[8] After Kennedy's death, the desk was removed for a traveling exhibition, returning to the Oval Office under Jimmy Carter in 1977. It has been the Oval Office desk ever since with the exception of the George H.W. Bush presidential years. Oval Office,
The White House,
Washington, D.C.
Johnson desk Lyndon B. Johnson This desk was used by Johnson from the time he was in the United States Senate up through his tenure in the Oval Office.[9] Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum, Austin, Texas
Wilson desk Richard Nixon
Gerald Ford		 Nixon used this desk both as vice president and president as he believed it was used by Woodrow Wilson. In actuality the desk was not used by Woodrow Wilson nor by former vice president of the United States Henry Wilson, which was later suggested. Vice President's Room,
United States Capitol,
Washington, D.C.
C&O desk George H. W. Bush George H. W. Bush used this desk during his tenure as both vice president and president of the United States. It was created for the owners of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway around 1920 and subsequently donated to the White House. Previously, Presidents Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, and Ronald Reagan had used it in the West Wing Study.[6] ?

Chronology

  1. Oval Office Desks

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  id:TR   value:red     # Theodore Roosevelt desk  id:H    value:blue    # Hoover desk  id:R    value:orange  # Resolute desk  id:J    value:green   # Johnson desk  id:W    value:yellow  # Wilson desk  id:CO   value:purple  # C&O desk

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Chronology of Oval Office desks[10]
Presidency President Dates in office Desk
27 William Howard Taft March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913Theodore Roosevelt desk
28 Woodrow Wilson March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921
29 Warren G. Harding March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923
30 Calvin Coolidge August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929
31Herbert HooverMarch 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933
Hoover desk
32 Franklin D. Roosevelt March 4, 1933 – April 12, 1945
33 Harry S. Truman April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953Theodore Roosevelt desk
34 Dwight D. Eisenhower January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961
35 John F. Kennedy January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963 Resolute desk
36 Lyndon B. Johnson November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969 Johnson desk
37 Richard Nixon January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974Wilson desk
38 Gerald Ford August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977
39 Jimmy Carter January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981Resolute desk
40 Ronald Reagan January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989
41 George H. W. Bush January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993 C&O desk
42 Bill Clinton January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001Resolute desk
43 George W. Bush January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009
44 Barack Obama January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017
45 Donald Trump January 20, 2017 – Present

Notes

1. ^Seale, The President's House, p. 895.
2. ^"The White House: Inside America's Most Famous Home" – CSPAN Documentary
3. ^Seale, The President's House, pp. 946–49.
4. ^Seale, The President's House, p. 948.
5. ^1 Herbert Hoover used the Theodore Roosevelt desk until the 1929 West Wing fire. After the reconstruction of the Oval Office he switched to the Hoover desk.
6. ^William Seale, The President's House (White House Historical Association, 1986), p. 918.
7. ^ President Hoover's Executive Office Retrieved January 26, 2017.
8. ^1 2 The President's Desk. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Accessed September 9, 2010
9. ^The White House. Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum. accessed September 10, 2010
10. ^1 2 Hess, Stephen, What Now? The Oval Office {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605132937/http://www.brookings.edu/articles/2009/0108_transition_ovaloffice_hess.aspx |date=2011-06-05 }}. Brookings Institution. January 08, 2009. Accessed September 9, 2010

References

{{Commons category|Oval Office desks}}{{Oval office desks|state=expanded}}{{White House}}

4 : Desks|Furnishings of the White House|Lists relating to the United States presidency|Individual pieces of furniture
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