“List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1954–1959)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award of the Republic of India.^[1] Instituted on 2{{nbsp}}January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex.^[2] The recipients receive a Sanad, a certificate signed by the President of India and a circular-shaped medallion with no monetary association. The recipients are announced every year on Republic Day (26{{nbsp}}January) and registered in The Gazette of India{{mdash}}a publication used for official government notices and released weekly by the Department of Publication, under the Ministry of Urban Development.^[3] The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette. The name of recipient, whose award have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, is archived and they are required to surrender their medal when their name is struck from the register;^[4] none of the conferments of Padma Bhushan during 1954–1959 have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, as well as from Ministries of the Government of India, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan awardees, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament including private individuals.^[3]

When instituted in 1954, the Padma Bhushan was classified as "Dusra Warg" (Class II) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards, which were preceded by the Bharat Ratna in hierarchy. The original specification of the award was a circle made of standard silver {{convert|1+3/8|inch|mm}} in diameter, with rims on both the sides. A centrally located lotus flower was embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma Vibhushan" written in Devanagari script was inscribed above the lotus along the upper edge of the medal. A floral wreath was embossed along the lower edge and a lotus wreath at the top along the upper edge. The State Emblem of India was placed in the centre of the reverse side with the text "Desh Seva" in Devanagari Script on the lower edge. The medal was suspended by a pink riband {{convert|1+1/4|inch|mm}} in width divided into three equal segments by two white vertical lines.^[2]

On 15{{nbsp}}January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards; the Padma Vibhushan, the highest of the three, followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. The criteria includes "distinguished service of a high order in any field including service rendered by Government servants" but excluding those working with the Public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards but this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute. The design was also modified to the form that is currently in use. The current design is a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion {{convert|1+3/4|inch|mm}} in diameter and {{convert|1/8|inch|mm}} thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of {{convert|1+3/16|inch|mm}} side is embossed with a knob embossed within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of diameter {{convert|1+1/16|inch|mm}} is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus. The Emblem of India is placed in the centre of the reverse side with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script, inscribed on the lower edge. The rim, the edges and all embossing on either side is of standard gold with the text "Padma Bhushan" of gold gilt. The medal is suspended by a pink riband {{convert|1+1/4|inch|mm}} in width with a broad white stripe in the middle.^[3]^[4] It is ranked fifth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations of the Indian civilian and military awards.{{efn|The order of precedence is: Bharat Ratna, Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Padma Vibhushan and Padma Bhushan.^[5]}}

A total of twenty-three awards were conferred in 1954 followed by twelve in 1955; thirteen in 1956; sixteen in 1957; sixteen again in 1958, and fourteen in 1959, giving a total of 94 recipients in the first six years—including one foreign recipient awarded in 1955. Till 1959, individuals from nine different fields were awarded which includes twenty-six from literature and education, seventeen from civil service, twelve artists, ten from science and engineering, ten from social work, eight from public affairs, six from medicine, four sportspersons, and one from trade and industry.

Recipients

Explanatory notes

References

1. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/pv-sindhu-recommended-for-padma-bhushan-indias-third-highest-civilian-award-by-sports-ministry-4079101.html|title=PV Sindhu recommended for Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, by sports ministry|work=Firstpost|date=25 September 2017|accessdate=26 December 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226235920/http://www.firstpost.com/sports/pv-sindhu-recommended-for-padma-bhushan-indias-third-highest-civilian-award-by-sports-ministry-4079101.html|archivedate=26 December 2017|df=}}
2. ^¹{{cite journal|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1954/E-2233-1954-0001-103507.pdf|title=The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I|last=Lal|first=Shavax A.|year=1954|journal=The Gazette of India|publisher=The President's Secretariat|publication-date=2 January 1954|accessdate=31 March 2018|format=PDF|pages=2|quote=The President is pleased to institute an award to be designated 'Padma Vibhushan' in three classes, namely: 'Pahela Varg', 'Dusra Varg' and 'Tisra Varg'|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514155953/http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1954/E-2233-1954-0001-103507.pdf|archivedate=14 May 2014}}
3. ^¹²{{cite web|title=Padma Awards Scheme|url=http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Scheme-PadmaAwards-050514.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|accessdate=28 September 2015|format=PDF|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209002803/http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Scheme-PadmaAwards-050514.pdf|archivedate=9 February 2018|df=}}
4. ^¹{{cite journal|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1955/O-2196-1955-0003-100533.pdf|title=The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I|last=Ayyar|first=N. M.|year=1955|journal=The Gazette of India|publisher=The President's Secretariat|publication-date=15 January 1955|accessdate=31 March 2018|format=PDF|pages=8|quote=All persons upon whom the decoration of 'Padma Vibhushan' ('Dusra Varg') was conferred under the Regulations issued with Notification No. 2-Pres./54, dated the 2nd January, 1954, shall, for all purposes of these regulations, be deemed to be persons on whom the decoration of Padma Bhushan has been conferred by the President.|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518211317/http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1955/O-2196-1955-0003-100533.pdf |archivedate=18 May 2014}}
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9. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/hi/sa/hockey/features/newsid_3490000/3490504.stm|title=Discover hockey's answer to Pele|publisher=BBC|work=BBC Sports Academy|accessdate=22 October 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901035958/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/hi/sa/hockey/features/newsid_3490000/3490504.stm|archivedate=1 September 2015|df=}}* {{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090829/sports.htm#5|title=Dhyan Chand: Player, legend and the man|author=Dhaliwal, Ravi|newspaper=The Tribune|location=Muktsar|date=28 August 2009|accessdate=22 October 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151020062709/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2009/20090829/sports.htm#5|archivedate=20 October 2015|df=}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2001/03/02/stories/0902033a.htm|title=Rukmini Devi, the visionary|newspaper=The Hindu|date=2 March 2001|accessdate=23 September 2015|author=Meduri, Avanthi|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328234337/http://www.thehindu.com/2001/03/02/stories/0902033a.htm|archivedate=28 March 2016|df=}}
11. ^{{cite book|url=http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/57660|title=19th Century Maharashtra: A Reassessment|year=2009|at=19|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|editor=Kumbhojkar, Shraddha|isbn=978-1-4438-0603-9|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925172600/http://www.cambridgescholars.com/download/sample/57660|archivedate=2015-09-25|df=}}* {{cite book|last=Sardesai|first=G.S.|title=Marathi Riyasat|year=2012|publisher=Popular Prakashan Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-81-7185-640-4}}* {{cite book|last=Sardesai|first=G.S.|title=Musalmani Riyasat|year=2012|publisher=Popular Prakashan Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-81-7185-673-2}}* {{cite book|last=Sardesai|first=G.S.|title=British Riyasat|year=2012|publisher=Popular Prakashan Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-81-7185-674-9}}
12. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/give-bharat-ratna-to-salim-ali-demands-amu-professor-652735.html|title=Give Bharat Ratna to Salim Ali, demands AMU professor|publisher=IBN Live|date=26 November 2013|accessdate=23 September 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120195852/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/give-bharat-ratna-to-salim-ali-demands-amu-professor-652735.html|archivedate=20 January 2016|df=}}
13. ^{{cite journal|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32178/supplement/11/data.pdf|title=Supplement to the London Gazette, 1 January, 1921|year=1921|journal=London Gazette|publisher=His Majesty's Stationery Office|publication-date=21 January 1921|accessdate=25 September 2015|format=PDF|pages=2|quote=To be Honorary Captain:Rao Rlaja Hanut Singh, son of His Highness Maharaja Sir Partap Singh Bahadur, Riegent of Jodhpur.|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927053929/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/32178/supplement/11/data.pdf|archivedate=27 September 2015|df=}}* {{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101217/jsp/entertainment/story_13309308.jsp|title=Chukker of life: Polo season 2010|newspaper=The Telegraph|location=Calcutta|date=17 December 2010|accessdate=25 September 2015|author=Chakraborty Lahiri, Samhita|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925191446/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101217/jsp/entertainment/story_13309308.jsp|archivedate=25 September 2015|df=}}
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16. ^¹²{{cite web |title=List of recipients of Padma Bhushan awards (1954–59)|url=http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Year_Wise_main_25042017.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|date=14 August 2013|accessdate=23 August 2015|format=PDF|pp=1–9|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6U68ulwpb?url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf|archivedate=15 November 2014|df=}}
17. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010603/spectrum/speaking.htm|title=When is an apology not an apology: The losers|author=Sarkar, Chanchal|newspaper=The Tribune|date=3 June 2001|accessdate=21 November 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084213/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010603/spectrum/speaking.htm|archivedate=4 March 2016|df=}}

Recipients

Explanatory notes

References

External links