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词条 List of people who have lit the Olympic cauldron
释义

  1. History

  2. People who have lit the Olympic cauldron

     Youth Olympics 

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

The tradition of carrying the Olympic flame from Olympia, Greece, the birthplace of the Ancient Olympic Games, to the host city of the modern Olympic Games via a torch relay was first introduced in 1936, ahead of the Berlin Games. Since then, famous athletes (active or retired) with significant sporting achievements while representing the host country, promising young athletes, or other individuals with symbolic significance, have been selected as the last runners in the Olympic torch relay and consequently have the honor of lighting the Olympic cauldron at the opening ceremony.

History

The first well-known athlete to light the cauldron was nine-time Olympic champion Paavo Nurmi at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. Other famous final torch bearers include French football star Michel Platini (1992), heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali (1996), Australian sprinter Cathy Freeman (2000), the Canadian ice hockey player Wayne Gretzky (2010), the marathon runner Vanderlei Cordeiro de Lima (2016) and the South Korean figure skating champion Yuna Kim (2018).

On other occasions, the people who lit the cauldron were not famous but nevertheless symbolized the Olympic ideals. Japanese runner Yoshinori Sakai was born in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, the day the city was destroyed by an atomic bomb. He symbolized the rebirth of Japan after the Second World War when he lit the Olympic cauldron of the 1964 Summer Olympics. At the 1976 Games in Montreal, two teenagers—representing the French- and the English-speaking parts of the country—symbolized the unity of Canada. Norway's Crown Prince Haakon lit the cauldron of the 1994 Winter Olympics, in honor of his father and grandfather, both Olympians. For the 2012 Games in London, seven aspiring young athletes—each nominated by a former British Olympic champion—had the honor of lighting the cauldron.

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People who have lit the Olympic cauldron

GamesLocationLighterSportNoteRef
1936 Summer}} BerlinFritz Schilgen Track and field Schilgen was not a competitor at the Olympics, but was chosen for his graceful running style. [1]
1948 Summer LondonJohn Mark Track and field Little-known former medical student from Cambridge University. [2]
1952 Winter OsloEigil Nansen Non-athlete Grandson of polar explorer Fridtjof Nansen. He is the first non-athlete to light the flame. [3]
1952 SummerHelsinkiPaavo NurmiTrack and fieldNurmi was a winner of nine Olympic gold medals in the 1920s; Kolehmainen won four Olympic gold medals. Nurmi lit a cauldron on field level before handing the torch to four soccer players who relayed the torch to the top of the tower. Kolehmainen then lit the final, higher-placed cauldron.[4]
Hannes Kolehmainen
1956 Winter Cortina d'AmpezzoGuido Caroli Speed skating Participant in the 1948, 1952, and 1956 Winter Olympics. Skating with the torch, he tripped over a television cable but kept the flame burning. [5]
1956 SummerMelbourneRon Clarke (Melbourne) Track and fieldClarke would later win an Olympic bronze medal in 1964; Wikne participated in the 1964 Olympics. After Wikne lit the brazier on the infield, the flame was passed on to Karin Lindberg and Henry Ericksson, who separately ran up the two towers of the Stockholm Olympic Stadium.[6]
Hans Wikne (Stockholm) Equestrianism
1960 Winter Squaw ValleyKen Henry Speed skating Olympic champion in 500m speed skating at the 1952 Winter Olympics. [7]
1960 Summer RomeGiancarlo Peris Track and field Track athlete of Greek descent. The Italian National Olympic Committee decided that the last torchbearer of the Olympic Games would be the winner of a junior cross country running race. Peris won and was chosen to be the last torchbearer. [8]
1964 Winter InnsbruckJosef Rieder Alpine skiing Participant in the 1956 Winter Olympics. [9]
1964 Summer TokyoYoshinori Sakai Track and field Sakai was born on the same day the atom bomb exploded over his native Hiroshima. He never participated in the Olympics. [10]
1968 Winter GrenobleAlain Calmat Figure skating Winner of the silver medal in the 1964 Winter Olympics. [11]
1968 Summer Mexico CityEnriqueta Basilio Track and field Sprinter who participated in these Olympics; the first woman to light the main Olympic cauldron. [12]
1972 Winter SapporoHideki Takada Non-athlete A volleyball enthusiast who knew nothing of winter sports. [13][14]
1972 Summer MunichGünther Zahn Track and field Middle distance runner. Winner of the West German junior athletics championships. [15]
1976 WinterInnsbruckChristl Haas Alpine skiingHaas won gold on downhill in 1964 Winter Olympics; Feistmantl won luge doubles in the same Games.[16]
Josef Feistmantl Luge
1976 SummerMontrealSandra Henderson GymnasticsTwo teenagers representing English and French Canadian. Neither of them participated in any Olympics.[17]
Stéphane Préfontaine Track and field
1980 Winter Lake PlacidCharles Gugino Non-athlete A doctor from Arizona who had been elected from all 52 bearers to run the final leg. [18]
1980 Summer MoscowSergei Belov Basketball Member of the Soviet basketball team, gold medalist in 1972 Summer Games. [19]
1984 Winter SarajevoSanda Dubravčić Figure skating Participant in the 1980 and 1984 Winter Olympics. [20]
1984 Summer Los AngelesRafer Johnson Track and field Decathlon gold medalist at the 1960 Summer Olympics. [21]
1988 Winter CalgaryRobyn Perry Figure skating A 12-year-old schoolgirl and aspiring figure skater. [22]
1988 SummerSeoulChung Sun-manNon-athleteChung Sun-man was a schoolteacher. Sohn was a young Korean dancer. Kim Won-tak was a young track athlete who took part in that Games' marathon.[23]
Sohn Mi-chung
Kim Won-tak Track and field
1992 WinterAlbertvilleMichel Platini Association footballPlatini took part with the French football team in the 1976 Summer Olympics. Grange was a future alpine skier (and older brother of future multiple-time alpine skiing Slalom world champion Jean-Baptiste Grange). Aged nine at the time, Grange became the youngest final lighter in history.[24]
François-Cyrille Grange Alpine skiing
1992 Summer BarcelonaAntonio Rebollo Archery Paralympian who competed in the 1984, 1988, and 1992 Summer Paralympics, winning two silvers and a bronze. The only Paralympian ever to light the Olympic cauldron, Rebollo shot a flaming arrow over an open natural gas cauldron to ignite it. [25]
1994 Winter LillehammerHaakon, Crown Prince of Norway Non-athlete Heir apparent to the throne of Norway. Though he was not an Olympian, both his father and grandfather took part in the Olympics and he lit the cauldron on their behalf. His father declared the Games open. [26]
1996 Summer AtlantaMuhammad Ali Boxing 1960 Summer Games light heavyweight boxing gold medalist. [27]
1998 Winter NaganoMidori Ito Figure skating 1992 Winter Olympic silver medalist. [28]
2000 Summer SydneyCathy Freeman Track and field Olympic silver medalist in 1996 and would later won Olympic gold in these Olympics, both in the 400 m. She is the only person ever to light a cauldron and win a gold medal in the same Games. [29]
2002 Winter Salt Lake CityThe 1980 U.S. Olympic ice hockey team Ice hockey Famous for the "Miracle on Ice"; an upset of the Soviet hockey team en route to the gold medal. [30]
2004 Summer AthensNikolaos Kaklamanakis Sailing Winner of Olympic gold in 1996 and would win a silver in these Olympics. [31]
2006 Winter TurinStefania Belmondo Cross-country skiing Winner of ten Olympic medals, two of them gold. One of Italy's most decorated Olympians. [32]
2008 Summer BeijingLi Ning Artistic gymnastics Winner of six Olympic medals, including three gold in 1984. He was China's most successful athlete at their first Olympic appearance since 1952. [33]
2010 WinterVancouverSteve Nash (indoor cauldron) BasketballLe May Doan was a winner of two gold medals in the 500 m in 1998 and 2002 and a bronze in the 1000 m in 1998. Nash is a two-time NBA MVP with the Phoenix Suns and a former member of the Canadian Olympic Basketball team, playing in 2000 Summer Games. Greene won gold in the giant slalom and silver in the slalom in 1968 Winter Games. Gretzky was a member of the Canadian ice hockey team and won four Stanley Cup titles as captain of the Edmonton Oilers ({{scfy|1984}}, {{scfy|1985}}, {{scfy|1987}}, {{scfy|1988}}). He was the Executive Director of the Canadian men's hockey team in 2002, who won gold at that Games.

During the opening ceremony, Nash, Greene and Gretzky lit a cauldron inside the BC Place indoor stadium. Gretzky then lit a second, outdoor cauldron near the Vancouver Convention Centre. Only the outdoor cauldron remained lit throughout the Games.

Le May Doan was supposed to participate in the lighting of the indoor cauldron, but was left out when one of the four arms failed to raise due to mechanical problems. This was corrected at the beginning of the closing ceremony, when a joke was made about the mechanical error, and she was able to light the newly emerged fourth arm and relight the indoor cauldron to begin the closing ceremony.

[34][35][36]
Nancy Greene (indoor cauldron) Alpine skiing
Wayne Gretzky (indoor & outdoor cauldrons) Ice hockey
Catriona Le May Doan (closing ceremony) Speed skating
2012 SummerLondonDesiree HenryTrack and fieldThe cauldron was lit by seven teenagers, each nominated by a veteran British Olympian: Airlie was nominated by Shirley Robertson, Duckitt by Duncan Goodhew, Henry by Daley Thompson, Kirk by Dame Mary Peters, MacRitchie by Sir Steve Redgrave, Reynolds by Lynn Davies and Tracey by Dame Kelly Holmes. Austin Playfoot later relit the cauldron in its new spot in the Olympic Stadium. Duckitt was the only non-athlete among them.

Henry would later go on to win an Olympic bronze medal in the 4 × 100 m in 2016.

[37][38][39]
Katie Kirk
Aidan Reynolds
Adelle Tracey
Callum Airlie Sailing
Jordan Duckitt Non-athlete (Young Ambassadors Group)
Cameron MacRitchie Rowing
2014 WinterSochiIrina Rodnina Figure skatingRodnina won three successive Olympic gold medals. Tretiak won four medals (three golds).[40]
Vladislav Tretiak Ice hockey
2016 SummerRio de JaneiroVanderlei Cordeiro de Lima
(stadium cauldron)		Athletics Winner of the bronze medal in the marathon of the 2004 Summer Olympics. De Lima was the first Latin American awarded the Pierre de Coubertin medal after he was deliberately interrupted during that event.[41][42]
Jorge Gomes
(public cauldron)		 A second, outdoor cauldron was lit in front of Candelaria Church by 14-year-old, who was part of a sports project in Rio de Janeiro.
2018 Winter PyeongchangYuna Kim Figure skating Winner of Olympic gold in the ladies' singles in 2010 and silver in 2014. [43]

Youth Olympics

Games Location Lighter Sport Note Ref
2010 Summer Youth}} Singapore Darren Choy Sailing A Singaporean sailor of who participated in the Games.
2012 Winter YouthInnsbruck Egon ZimmermannAlpine skiingBoth Zimmerman and Klammer won the gold in the downhill event in 1964 and 1976 respectively, both years when Austria previously hosted the Adult Winter Games.
Franz Klammer
2014 Summer Youth Nanjing Chen Ruolin Diving Winner of back-to-back gold medals in diving in 2008 and 2012 Adult Summer Games, in the 10 m and the 10 m synchronized. She would retain the latter's gold medal in 2016 Adult Summer Games.
2016 Winter Youth Lillehammer Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway Non-athlete Elder child of Crown Prince Haakon, who previously lit the cauldron in the 1994 Winter Olympic Games. Her grandfather declared the Games open.[44]
2018 Summer Youth Buenos Aires Santiago Lange and Paula Pareto Sailing and judo As Buenos Aires 2018 was the first edition of an Olympic competition with gender equality, the lighting of the cauldron was symbolically carried out by a woman and a man. Pareto won bronze at Beijing 2008 and gold at Rio 2016; Lange, won bronze at Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008 and was Olympic champion at Rio 2016.[45]

See also

  • Olympic flame
  • List of Olympic torch relays

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/berlin-1936|title=Berlin 1936 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=2 October 2018}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/london-1948|title=London 1948 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=2 October 2018}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/oslo-1952|title=Oslo 1952 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=2 October 2018}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/helsinki-1952|title=Helsinki 1952 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=2 October 2018}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/cortina-d-ampezzo-1956|title=Cortina d'Ampezzo 1956 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=2 October 2018}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/melbourne-stockholm-1956|title=Melbourne – Stockholm 1956 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=2 October 2018}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/squaw-valley-1960|title=Squaw Valley 1960 |website= Olympic.org |accessdate=2 October 2018}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/rome-1960|title=Rome 1960 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=2 October 2018}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/innsbruck-1964|title=Innsbruck 1964 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=2 October 2018}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/tokyo-1964/|title=Tokyo 1964 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=2 October 2018}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/grenoble-1968|title=Grenoble 1968 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=2 October 2018}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/mexico-1968|title=Mexico 1968 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=2 October 2018}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/02/03/archives/winter-olympics-open-in-splendor-at-sapporo-hirohito-hails-athletes.html|title=Winter Olympics Open In Splendor at Sapporo|date=3 February 1972|website=nytimes.com|publisher=The New York Times |accessdate=2 October 2018}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/sapporo-1972|title=Sapporo 1972 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=2 October 2018}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/munich-1972|title=Munich 1972 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=2 October 2018}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/innsbruck-1976|title=Innsbruck 1976 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/montreal-1976|title=Montreal 1976 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/lake-placid-1980|title=Lake Placid 1980 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/moscow-1980|title=Moscow 1980 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/sarajevo-1984|title=Sarajevo 1984 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/los-angeles-1984|title=Los Angeles 1984 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/calgary-1988|title=Calgary 1988 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/seoul-1988/|title=Seoul 1988 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/albertville-1992/|title=Albertville 1992 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/barcelona-1992|title=Barcelona 1992 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/lillehammer-1994|title=Lillehammer 1994 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/atlanta-1996|title=Atlanta 1996 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/nagano-1998|title=Nagano 1998 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/sydney-2000/|title=Sydney 2000 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/salt-lake-city-2002|title=Salt Lake City 2002 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/athens-2004|title=Athens 2004 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/turin-2006|title=Turin 2006 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/beijing-2008|title=Beijing 2008 |website=Olympic.org |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.torontosun.com/sports/vancouver2010/news/2010/02/13/12864051-qmi.html|title=Opening Ceremony timeline|last=Friesen|first=Paul|date=13 February 2010|publisher=Toronto Sun|accessdate=13 February 2010}}
35. ^{{cite video|title=2010 Winter Olympics opening ceremony|medium=television|publisher=NBC Sports|date=2010-02-12}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=https://montrealgazette.com/sports/2010wintergames/Closing+ceremony+pokes+2010+Games/2625251/story.html|title=Closing ceremony pokes fun at the 2010 Games|last=Kines|first=Lindsay|date=February 28, 2010|publisher=The Montreal Gazette|accessdate=1 March 2010}}
37. ^{{cite news|title=Cauldron moved into position in Olympic Stadium|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-19024475 |publisher=BBC |date=30 July 2012 |accessdate=20 February 2013 }}
38. ^{{cite web|title=#1YearOn........ Where are they now?|publisher=Team GB |url=https://www.teamgb.com/news/1yearon-where-are-they-now |date=31 July 2013 |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
39. ^{{cite web|title=Rio Olympics 2016: The seven teenagers still carrying a torch for our Games hopes |publisher=The Independent|first=Matt|last=Majendie |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/news/rio-olympics-2016-the-seven-teenagers-still-carrying-a-torch-for-our-games-hopes-10417460.html |date=26 July 2015 |accessdate=3 October 2018}}
40. ^{{cite news|title=Sochi Opening Ceremony: Rodnina, Tretyak light Olympic cauldron together|url=http://olympictalk.nbcsports.com/2014/02/07/sochi-opening-ceremony-rodnina-tretyak-light-olympic-cauldron-together/ |agency=NBC Sports |date=7 February 2014 |accessdate=7 February 2014 }}
41. ^{{cite news|title=Best man for the job: Vanderlei de Lima lights Olympic cauldron|url=http://www.nbcolympics.com/news/best-man-job-vanderlei-de-lima-lights-olympic-cauldron-opening-ceremony |agency=NBC Sports |date=6 August 2016 |accessdate=14 September 2016 }}
42. ^{{cite news|title=Formerly homeless boy who lit Olympic cauldron now has 'beautiful life'|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/rio-olympics-boy-who-lit-cauldron-1.3716398 |agency=CBC |date=12 August 2016 |accessdate=14 September 2016 }}
43. ^{{cite web|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/korean-figure-skater-kim-yuna-lights-olympic-cauldron-132002667--oly.html|title=Korean figure skater Kim Yuna lights Olympic cauldron|publisher=Yahoo Sports|date=9 February 2018|accessdate=9 February 2018}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://norwaytoday.info/news/princess-ingrid-alexandra-lit-the-olympic-fire/|title=Princess Ingrid Alexandra lit the Olympic fire|publisher=Norway Today|date=12 February 2016|accessdate=13 February 2016}}
45. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.olympic.org/news/the-cauldron-that-lit-up-the-heart-of-buenos-aires|title=THE CAULDRON THAT LIT UP THE HEART OF BUENOS AIRES|publisher=Olympic|date=7 October 2018|accessdate=7 October 2018}}

External links

{{Commons category|Olympic cauldron lighting ceremonies}}{{Olympic symbols}}

5 : Olympic cauldron lighters|Olympic flame|Olympics-related lists|Lists of people by activity|Olympics opening ceremonies
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