| 词条 | Lake Illawarra |
| 释义 |
| name = Lake Illawarra | other_name = Illawarra Lake[1] | native_name = {{smaller|Aboriginal (Tharawal): various adaptions of Elouera, Eloura, or Allowrie; Illa, Wurra, or Warra meaning pleasant place near the sea, or, high place near the sea, or, white clay mountain}}[1] | image = Lake Illawarra. View from Sublime Point lookout.jpg | image_size = 250 | alt = | caption = Lake Illawarra, viewed from Sublime Point lookout, 2015. | image_bathymetry = | alt_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = Illawarra, New South Wales |pushpin_map = Australia New South Wales |pushpin_relief = 1 |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_alt = |pushpin_map_caption = Location of Lake Illawarra in New South Wales |coor_pinpoint = |coordinates_footnotes = [1] |coords = {{coord|34|31|25|S|150|50|04|E|type:waterbody_region:AU_region:AU-NSW|display=inline,title}} | type = An open and trained intermediate wave dominated barrier estuary[2] | inflow = Macquarie Rivulet, Mullet Creek | outflow = Tom Thumb Entrance, Tasman Sea | catchment = {{convert|238|km2|abbr=on}} | basin_countries = Australia | date-built = | date-flooded = | agency = Lake Illawarra Authority | length = | width = | area = {{convert|35.8|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = {{convert|2.1|m}} | max-depth = | volume = {{convert|74275|ML|abbr=on}} | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|0.3|m}} {{AHD}} | frozen = never | islands = | cities = Wollongong; Shellharbour | reference = [3][4] }} Lake Illawarra (Aboriginal Tharawal language: various adaptions of Elouera, Eloura, or Allowrie; Illa, Wurra, or Warra meaning pleasant place near the sea, or, high place near the sea, or, white clay mountain[1]), an open and trained intermediate wave dominated barrier estuary[2] or large coastal lagoon,[5] is located in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, situated about {{convert|100|km}} south of Sydney, Australia. The lake environment is administered by the Lake Illawarra Authority, a New South Wales statutory authority established pursuant to the {{Cite Legislation AU|NSW|act|liaa1987260|Lake Illawarra Authority Act 1987}} with the aim of transforming the degraded waters and foreshores of Lake Illawarra into an attractive recreational and tourist resource. Location and featuresLocated south of the city of Wollongong, north of the city of Shellharbour, and {{convert|5|km}} northeast of Dapto, Lake Illawarra receives runoff from the Illawarra escarpment through Macquarie Rivulet and Mullet Creek, drawing from a catchment area of {{convert|238|km2}}. With an average depth of {{convert|2.1|m}}, the relatively shallow lake, brought about because of infilling by sand which has been eroded from the surrounding catchments,[6] covers a surface area of {{convert|35.8|km2}}. At an elevation of {{convert|0.3|m}} {{AHD}}, the maximum volume of water held in the lake is {{convert|74275|ML}}.[4] The narrow tidal entrance to the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean is located at Windang. Located on the western shore of Lake Illawarra at Yallah is the natural gas-powered Tallawarra Power Station. The power station draws water from the lake for cooling purposes, and returns water to the lake via an onsite water management system that ensures water quality is maintained at levels above the catchment average.[7] The lake's location within the sprawling Wollongong urban area means that Lake Illawarra is vulnerable to pollution and urban run-off.[8][9][10][11][12][13] RecreationLake Illawarra is popular for recreational fishing, prawning and sailing. On 12 January 2009, it is suspected a man was bitten by a bull shark whilst snorkelling at Windang, near the mouth of Lake Illawarra. Birds found at the lake include pelicans, cormorants, musk ducks, hoary-headed grebes, black swans, black ducks, grey teal ducks, herons, ibises and spoonbills. HistoryThe traditional custodians of the land surrounding what is now known as Lake Illawarra are the Aboriginal Tharawal and Wadi Wadi peoples. Lake Illawarra was a valuable source of food and spirituality. Burial sites and middens (shell and camp rubbish heaps) discovered at Windang and surrounding areas indicate that the Wadi Wadi used the area extensively and performed various corroborees and ceremonies in the area.[14] The name Illawarra is derived from various adaptions of the Aboriginal Tharawal language words of elouera, eloura, or allowrie; illa, wurra, or warra mean generally a pleasant place near the sea, or high place near the sea, or white clay mountain.[5] Matthew Flinders and George Bass called the lake Tom Thumb's Lagoon on Flinders' chart, named after their little boat the Tom Thumb, when they were there in March 1796.[15]{{Dubious|April 2010|date=April 2010}}[14][16]In Lake Illawarra: an ongoing history, Joseph Davis provides a wide-ranging environmental and historical biography of the lake and its foreshores. The book also contains many images and photographs depicting the lake.[17] Davis edited John Brown of Brownsville: his manuscripts, letterbook and the records of Dapto Show Society 1857-1904 that deals with the man who did most to protect the vegetation of the lake islands,[18] and he authored Gooseberry & Hooka: the island reserves of Lake Illawarra 1829-1947, the latter examining the records of John Brown and others and deals with the history of these two islands and how they survived to become nature refuges rather than recreation reserves.[19] See also{{stack|{{Portal|New South Wales}}}}
References1. ^{{Gazetteer of Australia|name=Lake Illawarra (NSW)|feature=NSW24680}} 2. ^1 {{cite journal |doi=10.1006/ecss.2001.0796 |title=Structure and Function of South-east Australian Estuaries |year=2001 |last1=Roy |first1=P.S |last2=Williams |first2=R.J |last3=Jones |first3=A.R |last4=Yassini |first4=I |last5=Gibbs |first5=P.J |last6=Coates |first6=B |last7=West |first7=R.J |last8=Scanes |first8=P.R |last9=Hudson |first9=J.P |last10=Nichol |first10=S |journal=Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=351}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/bin/gazd01?rec=56202|title=Place Names Search: Lake Illawarra|work=Geoscience Australia|publisher=Commonwealth of Australia|year=2012|accessdate=17 May 2013}} 4. ^1 {{Cite web|date=26 April 2012|publisher=Environment and Heritage NSW|work=Water: Coastal and floodplain management: Coastal zone management: Estuaries of NSW|title=Lake Illawarra|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/estuaries/stats/LakeIllawarra.htm|accessdate=17 May 2013}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{NSW GNR|id = MackFxsyGH|title = Lake Illawarra|accessdate = 4 August 2013}} 6. ^{{cite book |title=Environmental Geotechnics|last1=Boyd|first1=M. J.|first2=C. E.|last2=Morris|first3=J.|last3=Armstrong|chapter=Monitoring changes in water quality in urbanising catchment|editor1-first=Abdelmalek |editor1-last=Bouazza|editor2-first=Jayantha|editor2-last=Kodikara|editor3-first=Roger J.|editor3-last=Parker|year=1997|publisher=Taylor & Francis|location= |isbn=90-5410-903-3 |page=233 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uvfIhoDDkc8C|accessdate=12 January 2012}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=http://ecogeneration.com.au/news/tallawarra_taking_off_in_nsw/001349/|title=Tallawarra taking off in NSW|first=Lyndsie|last=Mewett|work=EcoGeneration|date=July–August 2009|accessdate=17 May 2013|location=Australia}} 8. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1071/MF9940977 |title=Ash distribution and metal contents of Lake Illawarra bottom sediments |year=1994 |last1=Chenhall |first1=BE |last2=Batley |first2=GE |last3=Yassini |first3=I |last4=Depers |first4=AM |last5=Jones |first5=BG |journal=Marine and Freshwater Research |volume=45 |issue=6 |pages=977}} 9. ^{{cite journal |id={{INIST|2846945}} |jstor=4298727 |first1=M. |last1=Payne |first2=B. E. |last2=Chenhall |first3=M. |last3=Murrie |first4=B. G. |last4=Jones |year=1997 |title=Spatial Variation of Sediment-Bound Zinc, Lead, Copper and Rubidium in Lake Illawarra, a Coastal Lagoon in Eastern Australia |journal=Journal of Coastal Research |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=1181–91}} 10. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1023/A:1024817912671 |title=Inorganic nutrient and oxygen fluxes across the sediment–water interface in the inshore macrophyte areas of a shallow estuary (Lake Illawarra, Australia) |year=2003 |last1=Qu |first1=Wenchuan |last2=Morrison |first2=R. J. |last3=West |first3=R. J. |journal=Hydrobiologia |volume=492 |pages=119}} 11. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1071/MF9870795 |title=Ostracoda in Lake Illawarra: Environmental factors, assemblages and systematics |year=1987 |last1=Yassini |first1=I |last2=Jones |first2=BG |journal=Marine and Freshwater Research |volume=38 |issue=6 |pages=795}} 12. ^{{cite journal |id={{INIST|18073428}} |doi=10.1016/j.csr.2006.05.007 |title=Organic matter and benthic metabolism in Lake Illawarra, Australia |year=2006 |last1=Qu |first1=Wenchuan |last2=Morrison |first2=R.J. |last3=West |first3=R.J. |last4=Su |first4=Chenwei |journal=Continental Shelf Research |volume=26 |issue=15 |pages=1756}} 13. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.2112/03-0110.1 |title=Holocene Sea Level Fluctuations and the Sedimentary Evolution of a Barrier Estuary: Lake Illawarra, New South Wales, Australia |year=2005 |last1=Sloss |first1=Craig R. |last2=Jones |first2=Brian G. |last3=Murray-Wallace |first3=Colin V. |last4=McClennen |first4=Charles E. |journal=Journal of Coastal Research |volume=215 |pages=943}} 14. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.lia.nsw.gov.au/the_lake/history_of_lake_illawarra|title=History of Lake Illawarra|work=Lake Illawarra Authority|year=2010|publisher=Government of New South Wales|accessdate=17 May 2013}} 15. ^{{gutenberg|bullet=none|no=12929|name=A Voyage to Terra Australis|author=Flinders, Matthew|authorlink=Matthew Flinders}} 16. ^{{cite book|first=Miriam|last=Estensen|title=The Life of George Bass|publisher=Allen and Unwin|year=2005|isbn=1-74114-130-3|page=53|accessdate=}} 17. ^{{Cite book|author1=Davis, Joseph|title=Lake Illawarra: an ongoing history|publication-date=2005|publisher=Lake Illawarra Authority|isbn=978-0-9757249-0-3}} 18. ^{{Cite book|author1=Brown, John|editor=Davis, Joseph|title=John Brown of Brownsville: his manuscripts, letterbook and the records of Dapto Show Society 1857-1904|publication-date=2011|publisher=Lake Illawarra Authority|isbn=978-0-9757249-3-4}} 19. ^{{Cite book|author1=Davis, Joseph|title=Gooseberry & Hooka: the island reserves of Lake Illawarra 1829-1947|publication-date=2011|publisher=Lake Illawarra Authority|isbn=978-0-9757249-4-1|postscript={{inconsistent citations}}}} External links
4 : Lakes of New South Wales|Geography of Wollongong|Lagoons of Australia|City of Shellharbour |
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