词条 | List of places of worship in Crawley | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
The borough of Crawley, in West Sussex, England, has 43 churches, chapels and other buildings used specifically for worship. Other religious communities meet in community centres, schools and other buildings whose primary function is secular. Three other former places of worship are no longer used by their original congregation, although only one of these has fallen out of use entirely. The borough covers the New Town of Crawley, whose development began in the late 1940s, and Gatwick Airport—an international airport which has two multi-faith chapels of its own. The New Town absorbed three villages with a long history of Christian worship, and later extensions to the boundary have brought other churches into the borough. Crawley has a majority Christian population, but it has a much larger proportion of Muslim and Hindu residents than England overall. There are two Hindu temples and a Hindu centre (Swaminarayan Manor), a Sikh gurdwara and three mosques. A Quaker meeting house in the Ifield area is one of the oldest in the world. Several churches have listed status in view of their architectural and historical importance, but most places of worship date from the postwar era when the New Town was developed, and are of modest architectural merit: Nikolaus Pevsner stated in 1965 that those built up to that time were "either entirely uneventful or more often mannered and contorted, with odd spikes and curvy roofs".[1] History and developmentMost of the borough's {{convert|44.97|km2|sqmi|adj=on|abbr=on|sigfig=4}}[2] area is covered by Crawley New Town. The area around the villages of Three Bridges, Crawley and Ifield was selected by the British Government as the site for one of the developments proposed in the New Towns Act 1946.[3] The Government set up a Development Corporation, headed by Sir Thomas Bennett, to coordinate the work. Anthony Minoprio designed the plans, and building work started in the late 1940s and continued until the late 1980s.[4] The New Town consisted of self-contained neighbourhoods, each of which had at least one Anglican church. The Development Corporation's intention was for one to be placed at the centre of each neighbourhood, and for churches of other Christian denominations to occupy sites where they could serve a larger area covering several neighbourhoods. This plan was followed as far as practicable.[5] The Corporation provided the freehold of the land on which churches were built at 25% of the price that applied for residential land use.[6] Two mosques were established in the town in the mid-1980s,[7] and the Ahmadiyya community founded a third in the former Elim Pentecostal church in Langley Green in 2012.[6] A Gurjar Hindu community became established in Crawley in 1968 and opened a mandir (temple) and community centre in a building in West Green in 1998.[7][8] A new temple in the Ifield area was expected to open in December 2009,[9][10] but construction was delayed and it opened on 23 May 2010. It is the largest such temple in South East England, at {{convert|230|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}, and also has a {{convert|1216|m2|sqft|abbr=on}} community centre, offices, gardens and sports facilities.[11][12] There is no synagogue in Crawley, although a small Jewish community—followers of the Liberal Judaism—meet regularly.[13] Planning permission for a synagogue had been granted in 1964, but it was never built.[14] There is a small Sikh gurdwara in West Green; in January 2009 planning permission was granted for its demolition and replacement with a larger two-storey structure, but as of {{CURRENTYEAR}} no work has started.[15] The old villages of Three Bridges, Crawley and Ifield lay within the ancient parishes of Crawley and Ifield. Both of their 13th-century parish churches are still used for Anglican worship. Expansion of the borough's boundary has brought more churches into Crawley, including the early 11th-century church at Worth—formerly an isolated Wealden village at the centre of its own large parish.[16] Ifield was a centre of Nonconformism in the 17th century:[17] its Friends Meeting House was built in 1676, when more than 25% of the village's residents were Dissenters.[20] Listed statusEnglish Heritage has awarded listed status to seven church buildings in the district. A building is defined as "listed" when it is placed on a statutory register of buildings of "special architectural or historic interest" in accordance with the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990.[18] The Department for Culture, Media and Sport, a Government department, is responsible for this; English Heritage, a non-departmental public body, acts as an agency of the department to administer the process and advise the department on relevant issues.[19] There are three grades of listing status. Grade I, the highest, is defined as being of "exceptional interest"; Grade II* is used for "particularly important buildings of more than special interest"; and Grade II, the lowest, is used for buildings of "special interest".[20] As of February 2001, there were three Grade I-listed buildings, 12 with Grade II* status and 80 Grade II-listed buildings in the borough of Crawley.[21] Additionally, Crawley Borough Council grants locally listed building status to buildings which have historical or architectural interest at a local level, but which are not of sufficient quality to merit listing at a national level. As of November 2010, five churches in the borough were on the local list.[22]
Religious affiliation in CrawleyAccording to the 2001 United Kingdom Census, 99,744 people lived in Crawley. Of these, 67.3% identified themselves as Christian, 4.4% were Muslim, 3.4% were Hindu, 0.7% were Sikh, 0.2% were Buddhist, 0.1% were Jewish, 0.3% followed another religion, 16.8% claimed no religious affiliation and 6.8% did not state their religion. The proportion of Christians is lower than the 71.7% in England as a whole, whereas there are more Muslims and Hindus in Crawley than in England overall: 3.1% of people in England are Muslim, and 1.1% are Hindu.[24] Current places of worship
Former places of worship
Communities with no dedicated buildingThere are several communities in Crawley that do not worship at a building used solely for religious purposes. The non-denominational Crawley Family Church uses Waterfield Primary School,[146][147] which opened in 1985 in Bewbush.[148] Also in Bewbush, an Elim Pentecostal congregation meets weekly at Bewbush Community Primary School; regular prayer meetings, study groups and other social activities take place elsewhere in the neighbourhood. The congregation was established in May 2005.[146][149] This church is associated with the Elim church in Langley Green.[8] The Crawley Gatwick Church of Christ, an independent, non-denominational congregation formed in 1996, meets at the community centre in Gossops Green.[146][150] The Salvation Army established a barracks in 1902 in West Green,[144] but the Crawley branch is now based in Ifield: worship takes place at the neighbourhood's community centre.[8][146] The Kingdom Faith church, affiliated with a group of churches based in nearby Horsham, meets at Oriel High School in the Maidenbower neighbourhood and at Roffey Place, just over the borough boundary at Faygate.[8][146] In 2006, a Pentecostalist community founded the Exodus Pentecostal Church, which worships at Tree House—Crawley's ancient manor house,[151] now owned by the Borough Council.[152] The weekly services cater especially for residents from Diego Garcia and Mauritius.[8] Also in the town centre, the Potter's House Church uses the church hall of St John the Baptist's Church.[146] It is part of the London Fellowship of Potter's House Christian Fellowship churches.[153] The Solution Chapel International, a non-denominational church founded in January 2009 by Pastor Adama Segbedji with just 2 adults and 1 child has grown to become the largest non denominational, multi cultural church, is based at Northgate Community Centre.[146][154] The Vine Christian Fellowship meets in a hotel in Southgate and holds joint services in the New Life and Green Fields Baptist churches.[146][155] The Powerhouse Revival Centre meets for worship at the community centre on Ifield Drive in the Ifield neighbourhood.[146][156] Gatwick AirportOne of London's international airports, Gatwick Airport, was moved into the Borough of Crawley in 1974.[103] A year earlier, a multi-faith chaplaincy had been established in the terminal building (now the South Terminal).[157][158] The chaplaincy is coordinated by the Anglican minister, whose licence was renewed in November 2008.[157] Roman Catholic and Free Church ministers are also on site. When the North Terminal was built, a similar chapel was provided there.[159] Both chapels are open at all times for prayer and meditation, and offer regular services throughout the week.[158] See also
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August 1961|page=6359 |nolink=y}} 30. ^{{WorshipReg|id=82220|name=Gateway Church International|address=Brewer Hall, Brewer Road, Southgate, Crawley|denom=Christians not otherwise designated|accessdate=20 December 2012}} 31. ^{{WorshipReg|id=76048|name=Church of Christ the Lord|address=Broadfield Barton, Crawley|denom=Roman Catholics and United Reformed Church|accessdate=20 December 2012}} 32. ^{{WorshipReg|id=69640|name=Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints|address=Old Horsham Road, Crawley|denom=Latter Day Saints|accessdate=20 December 2012}} 33. ^{{London Gazette|issue=43376|date=7 July 1964|page=5857 |supp=y |nolink=y}} 34. ^{{WorshipReg|id=81075|name=Crawley Baptist Church|address=Crabtree Road, West Green, Crawley|denom=Baptists|accessdate=20 December 2012}} 35. ^{{London Gazette|issue=40301|date=15 October 1954|page=5849 |nolink=y}} 36. ^{{cite web|title=Welcome to Crawley Community Church |url=http://www.ccconline.org.uk/ |accessdate=8 September 2012 |publisher=Crawley 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Spiritualists|accessdate=20 December 2012}} 45. ^{{London Gazette|issue=44842|date=6 May 1969|page=4755 |nolink=y}} 46. ^1 {{London Gazette|issue=45081|date=16 April 1970|page=4321 |nolink=y}} 47. ^{{WorshipReg|id=66009|name=Christ Church (United Reformed)|address=Worth Park Avenue, Pound Hill, Crawley|denom=United Reformed Church|accessdate=20 December 2012}} 48. ^{{cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.urc.org.uk/about-us.html |accessdate=30 January 2013 |publisher=The United Reformed Church |year=2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6E3z59SLT?url=http://www.urc.org.uk/about-us.html |archivedate=30 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 49. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.crawleyurc.co.uk/ |title=Welcome to Crawley URC |year=2013 |publisher=Crawley United Reformed Church |accessdate=30 January 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6E3z5GFGM?url=http://www.crawleyurc.co.uk/ |archivedate=30 January 2013 |deadurl=no |df= }} 50. ^{{Harvnb|Crawley Borough Council|2010|p=11.}} 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(ed)|year=1987|work=Victoria County History of Sussex|publisher=British History Online|pages=71–72|accessdate=30 January 2013}} 145. ^{{WorshipReg|id=69084|name=Trinity United Reformed Church|address=Ifield Drive, Ifield, Crawley|denom=United Reformed Church|accessdate=20 December 2012}} 146. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web |url=http://www.crawleychurches.org/Churches1.html |title=Churches in Alphabetical Order |year=2013 |publisher=CrawleyChurches.org |accessdate=30 January 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6E49z97JA?url=http://www.crawleychurches.org/Churches1.html |archivedate=30 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 147. ^{{cite web|title=Bewbush |url=http://www.crawley.gov.uk/pw/Community_and_Neighbourhoods/Crawley_s_Neighbourhoods/Bewbush/index.htm |accessdate=30 January 2013 |publisher=Crawley Borough Council |date=18 December 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6E49mEt2L?url=http://www.crawley.gov.uk/pw/Community_and_Neighbourhoods/Crawley_s_Neighbourhoods/Bewbush/index.htm |archivedate=30 January 2013 |deadurl=no |df= }} 148. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/Sussex/vol6/pt3/pp73-74|title=A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 6 Part 3 – Bramber Rape (North-Eastern Part) including Crawley New Town. 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(ed)|year=1987|work=Victoria County History of Sussex|publisher=British History Online|pages=73–74|accessdate=30 January 2013}} 149. ^{{cite web |title=Information |url=http://www.elimbewbush.org/information/ |publisher=Elim Church Bewbush |year= |date=21 July 2012 |accessdate=30 January 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6E4A9x5tP?url=http://www.elimbewbush.org/information/ |archivedate=30 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 150. ^{{cite web |title=About Us: Crawley Gatwick Church of Christ |url=http://crawleychurch.org.uk/about/ |publisher=Crawley Gatwick Church of Christ |year=2013 |accessdate=30 January 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6E4AIQm0V?url=http://crawleychurch.org.uk/about/ |archivedate=30 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 151. ^{{Harvnb|Gwynne|1990|p=57.}} 152. ^{{Harvnb|Gwynne|1990|p=165.}} 153. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pottershouse.co.uk/uk-fellowship-churches/london-fellowship-churches |title=London Fellowship Churches |publisher=The Potter's House Christian Fellowship Centre Walthamstow |year=2013 |accessdate=30 January 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6E4Af8IfG?url=http://www.pottershouse.co.uk/uk-fellowship-churches/london-fellowship-churches |archivedate=30 January 2013 |deadurl=no |df= }} 154. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.solutioncentre.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=96&Itemid=87 |title=History of the Church |year=2013 |publisher=Solution Chapel International |accessdate=30 January 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6E4B8NgxC?url=http://www.solutioncentre.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=96&Itemid=87 |archivedate=30 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy-all }} 155. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.thevinecrawley.org.uk/where-and-what-to-find-us-doing/ |title=Where and what to find us doing |year=2013 |publisher=The Vine Christian Fellowship |accessdate=30 January 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6E4BPjsZu?url=http://www.thevinecrawley.org.uk/where-and-what-to-find-us-doing/ |archivedate=30 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 156. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.powerhouserevivalcentre.org.uk/ |title=Powerhouse Revival Centre |year=2013 |publisher=Powerhouse Revival Centre |accessdate=30 January 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6E4BXPQ1S?url=http://www.powerhouserevivalcentre.org.uk/ |archivedate=30 January 2013 |deadurl=no |df= }} 157. ^1 {{cite web |title=Church of England commits to London Gatwick Airport |url=http://www.gatwickairport.com/business/media-centre/press-releases/church-of-england/ |accessdate=30 January 2013 |publisher=Gatwick Airport Ltd |date=21 November 2008 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6E4C2yxSd?url=http://www.gatwickairport.com/business/media-centre/press-releases/church-of-england/ |archivedate=30 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 158. ^1 {{cite web |title=Chapel & prayer room |url=http://www.gatwickairport.com/at-the-airport/south/worship/ |accessdate=30 January 2013 |publisher=Gatwick Airport Ltd |year=2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6E4CgjV0Z?url=http://www.gatwickairport.com/at-the-airport/south/worship/ |archivedate=30 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 159. ^{{cite web |title=Chapel & prayer room |url=http://www.gatwickairport.com/at-the-airport/north/worship/ |accessdate=30 January 2013 |publisher=Gatwick Airport Ltd |year=2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6E4CfQRR6?url=http://www.gatwickairport.com/at-the-airport/north/worship/ |archivedate=30 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }} Bibliography{{refbegin}}
External links{{Crawley}}{{Sussex places of worship}}{{featured list}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Places Of Worship In Crawley}} 3 : Buildings and structures in Crawley|Lists of churches in West Sussex|Lists of religious buildings and structures in England |
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