| 词条 | Lake Pupuke |
| 释义 |
|name = Lake Pupuke |image = Lake Pupuke - satellite photo.jpg |caption = |image_bathymetry = |caption_bathymetry = |location = North Shore City, North Island, New Zealand |coords = {{coord|36.780115|S|174.766184|E|region:NZ_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} |lake_type = Crater lake |inflow = |outflow = |catchment = |basin_countries = New Zealand |length = |width = |area = |depth = |max-depth = {{convert|57|m|abbr=on}}[1] |volume = |residence_time = |shore = |elevation = |islands = |cities = Takapuna, Milford }} Lake Pupuke is a heart-shaped freshwater lake occupying a volcanic crater (or maar) between the suburbs of Takapuna and Milford on the North Shore of Auckland, New Zealand. The heart shape is a result of its formation by the linking of two circular craters - a larger one forming most of the lake and a smaller one forming the arm in the northeast. Separated from the sea by less than 200 m at one point, it has a circumference of about 4.5 km and reaches 57 m[1] in depth. It is popular for recreational activities and the lakefront property around it. GeologyOther similar craters in the Auckland volcanic field were either buried by later eruptions, or breached by erosion as rainwater collected and overflowed the edge of the crater. Lake Pupuke remains a lake because, unlike the other vents, its eruptions produced substantial lava flows; water can thus escape through cracks in the lava reaching under the crater wall, creating a series of freshwater springs along the beaches between Takapuna and Milford. The lava flow at the end of Takapuna Beach enveloped a kauri forest, producing an internationally significant collection of tree moulds, which has been called "New Zealand’s only example of a fossil forest preserved in a lava flow" and which "ranks among the best examples in the world."[1] Some moulds have escaped burial by the boat ramp and car park built on top of the lava, and can be viewed at low tide.[2] HistoryIn 1894, a pump house was built on the shore of the lake to supply fresh water to the local area. This was replaced in 1906 by a second pump house. As a result of increasing demand, the water level of the lake fell and water quality decreased. The use of the lake as a fresh water supply was discontinued in 1944 when new supplies were sourced from reservoirs in the Waitakere Ranges. The second pump house has become a Category II protected building under the New Zealand Historic Places Trust in 1983. It is now maintained as a theatre with three performance spaces including an outdoor amphitheatre.[3][4] Māori mythologyA Māori myth surrounding the lake tells of a tupua couple, children of the fire gods. After quarreling and cursing Mahuika, the fire-goddess, their home on the mainland was destroyed by Matahoe, god of earthquakes and eruptions, on Mahuika's behalf. Lake Pupuke resulted from the destruction, while Rangitoto Island rose from the sea as their exile. The mists surrounding Rangitoto at certain times are considered the tears of the tupua couple for their former home.[5] Human useClose to the Takapuna city centre, the lake is popular not only with wild birds (such as shags) but with picnickers, paddlers, kayakers,[6] rowers,[9] yachtsmen, divers, and windsurfers (lessons have been given on the lake).[7] Free divers (no tanks) have practiced in the lake.[8] College rowing crews use it.[9] There have been boating races.[10] and the Pupuke Boating Club operates there.[10] Takapuna Boating Club hosts regattas.[11] The Auckland Dragon Boat Association runs an annual regionals race event on the lake, with 200m, 500m and 2 km races.[12] The lake is the venue for Dragon Boat, Canoe sprints, Canoe marathon, and Waka Ama sprint racing within the Canoe Competition at the World Masters Games 2017 held in Auckland.[13] Lake Pupuke is suitable for swimming but murky and contains thick vegetation, and there have been drownings.[14] The lake has been tested for bacteria and generally meets safe swimming conditions.[15] In 2007, recreational fishing has become more prominent since rainbow trout[16] were released into the lake from a fish hatchery. However, since there are no actual streams entering or leaving the lake, trout will not be able to reproduce naturally, and new trout will have to be released periodically.[16] Other fish in the lake include tench, perch, rudd, and carp.[16] The crater wall has been quarried in several places, most intensely on the western side between Shea Terrace and Rangitira Avenue, where Smales Quarry continues to operate. A long thin lagoon called Quarry Lake has been formed there by flooding a former quarry area.[17] Lakeside real estate is expensive. Empty lakefront land is rare; one (almost 1,200-square meter) undeveloped parcel cost $2.7 million in 2008.[18] Lake Pupuke is identified as a "high risk" area in the event of a tsunami, and a high-tech phone alert system was developed for North Shore residents in case of an emergency.[19] References1. ^Geologist Bruce Hayward in Protecting North Shore City’s fossil forest (from a North Shore City Council press release, 2006-05-31. Accessed 2008-01-05) 2. ^Education Kit - Volcanoes (from the Auckland War Memorial Museum website, page 12. Accessed 2007-05-23) 3. ^History of The PumpHouse {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20060517074507/http://www.pumphouse.co.nz/other.php?other=history |date=2006-05-17 }} (from the official website) 4. ^{{cite news| author = Dionne Christian| title = An Auckland setting for an English story| publisher = New Zealand Herald| date = Sep 23, 2005| url = http://www.nzherald.co.nz/takapuna/news/article.cfm?l_id=396&objectid=10346832| accessdate = 2009-09-13}} 5. ^Rangitoto (from the Auckland Regional Council website) 6. ^{{cite news| author = Estelle Sarney| title = Milford - Lake placid| publisher = New Zealand Herald| date = Mar 31, 2007| url = http://www.nzherald.co.nz/city-style-real-estate/news/article.cfm?c_id=148&objectid=10432152| accessdate = 2009-09-13}} 7. ^{{cite news| author =| title = Windsurfin' safari gives young their water wings| publisher = New Zealand Herald| date = Jan 13, 2006| url = http://www.nzherald.co.nz/lakes/news/article.cfm?c_id=245&objectid=10363479| accessdate = 2009-09-13}} 8. ^{{cite news| author = Peter Jessup| title = Free diving: Breath taking| publisher = New Zealand Herald| date = Dec 17, 2004| url = http://www.nzherald.co.nz/diving/news/article.cfm?c_id=33&objectid=9003585| accessdate = 2009-09-13}} 9. ^{{cite news| author = JENNI RUTHERFORD| title = College Sport: Crews poised to raise splash on Lake Karapiro| publisher = New Zealand Herald| date = Mar 6, 2002| url = http://www.nzherald.co.nz/college-sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=153&objectid=1140290| accessdate = 2009-09-13}} 10. ^1 {{cite news| author =| title = Sails from a bygone era| publisher = New Zealand Herald| date = Jan 27, 2001| url = http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz-herald-auckland-anniversary-regatta/news/article.cfm?c_id=743&objectid=169917| accessdate = 2009-09-13}} 11. ^{{cite news| author =| title = Takapuna - an exclusive extract| publisher = New Zealand Herald| date = Sep 9, 2006| url = http://www.nzherald.co.nz/milford/news/article.cfm?l_id=393&objectid=10400369| accessdate = 2009-09-13}} 12. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.sporty.co.nz/aucklanddragonboats |title=Auckland Dragon Boat Association | publisher=Auckland Dragon Boat Association | accessdate=7 March 2017}} 13. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.worldmastersgames2017.co.nz/the-sports/find-your-sport/canoe/dragon-boating/ |title=Dragon Boating | publisher=WMG2017 | accessdate=7 March 2017}} 14. ^1 {{cite news| author =| title = Drowned man's body found in lake, mother in hospital| publisher = New Zealand Herald| date = Jan 2, 2008| url = http://www.nzherald.co.nz/drownings/news/article.cfm?c_id=1500867&objectid=10485014| accessdate = 2009-09-13}} 15. ^{{cite news| author =| title = Popular swim spots spoiled by bacteria| publisher = New Zealand Herald| date = Jul 2, 2009| url = http://www.nzherald.co.nz/water/news/article.cfm?c_id=362&objectid=10581993| accessdate = 2009-09-13| first=Eloise| last=Gibson}} 16. ^1 2 {{cite news| author =| title = Lake's new attraction - gold at the end of the rainbow| publisher = New Zealand Herald| date = 2007-05-07| url = http://www.nzherald.co.nz/recreational-fishing/news/article.cfm?c_id=75&objectid=10438208| accessdate = 2009-09-13| first=Wayne| last=Thompson}} 17. ^1 2 Lake Pupuke Inspection Report No. KC7 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524133238/https://www.northshorecity.govt.nz/Services/Environment/StreamsHarbourLake/Documents/lake-pupuke/lake-pupuke-report.pdf |date=2010-05-24 }} (from the Lake Pupuke assessment, North Shore City Council, 2006-06-20. Accessed 2008-01-12.) 18. ^{{cite news| author = Michelle Coursey| title = The most expensive handful of dirt in NZ?| publisher = New Zealand Herald| date = Mar 2, 2008| url = http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10495563| accessdate = 2009-09-13}} 19. ^{{cite news| author = Martha McKenzie-Minifie| title = Tsunami phone alert system on way| publisher = New Zealand Herald| date = May 24, 2007| url = http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10441468| accessdate = 2009-09-13}} External links
5 : Auckland volcanic field|NZHPT Category II listings in the Auckland Region|Crater lakes|Maars of New Zealand|Lakes of the Auckland Region |
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