“List of Sailor Moon characters”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Sailor Moon manga series features an extensive cast of characters created by Naoko Takeuchi. The series takes place in Tokyo, Japan, where the {{nihongo|Sailor Soldiers|セーラー戦士|Sērā Senshi}}, a group of ten magical girls, are formed to combat an assortment of antagonists attempting to take over the Earth, the Solar System, and the Milky Way galaxy. Each Soldier undergoes a transformation which grants her a uniform in her own theme colors and a unique elemental power. The ten Sailor Soldiers are named after the planets of the Solar System, with the exception of Earth but including its moon. While many of the characters are humans with superhuman strength and magical abilities, the cast also includes anthropomorphic animals and extraterrestrial lifeforms.

The series follows the adventures of the titular protagonist, Sailor Moon, her lover Tuxedo Mask, and her guardians: Sailors Mercury, Mars, Jupiter, and Venus. They are later joined by Chibiusa (Sailor Moon and Tuxedo Mask's daughter from the future) and four more guardians: Sailors Pluto, Uranus, Neptune, and Saturn. The series' antagonists include the Dark Kingdom, the Black Moon Clan, the Death Busters, the Dead Moon Circus, and Shadow Galactica.

Takeuchi's initial concept was a story called Sailor V, in which Sailor V discovers her magical powers and protects the people of Earth. After the Codename: Sailor V manga was proposed for an anime adaptation, Takeuchi changed her concept to include ten superheroines who defend the galaxy. The manga's anime and live-action adaptations feature some original characters created by the production staff and not by Takeuchi.

Creation and conception

The name "Sailor Senshi", or "Sailor Soldier", comes from sailor fuku, a type of Japanese school uniform that the main characters' fighting uniforms are based on,{{Citation needed|date=September 2017}} and the Japanese word senshi, which can mean "soldier", "warrior", "guardian", or "fighter".{{Citation needed|date=March 2017}} Takeuchi created the term by fusing English and Japanese words.{{Citation needed|date=March 2017}} The DIC Entertainment/Cloverway English adaptation of the anime changed it to "Sailor Scout" for most of its run. According to Takeuchi, only females can be Sailor Soldiers.^[1] In the anime's fifth season, the Sailor Starlights are depicted as men transforming into women when changing from their normal forms into Sailor Soldiers (rather than just being women disguising as men as they appear in the manga), which strongly displeased Takeuchi as she felt this undermined her rule that only girls could be Sailor Soldiers.{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}}

Most of the antagonists in the series have names that are related to minerals and gemstones, including Queen Beryl and the Four Kings of Heaven, the Black Moon Clan, Kaolinite and the Witches 5, and most of the members of the Dead Moon Circus. Members of the Amazoness Quartet are named after the first four asteroids to be discovered. The Sailor Animamates have the prefix "Sailor" (despite not being true Sailor Soldiers in the manga),^[2]{{rp|Act 45}} followed by the name of a metal and the name of an animal.

Character design

Takeuchi desired to create a series about girls in outer space, and her editor, Fumio Osano, suggested that Takeuchi add the "sailor suit" motif to the uniform worn by the Sailor Soldiers.^[3]{{Page needed|date=January 2017}} Originally, each of the Soldiers were intended to have their own unique outfit; however, it was later determined that they would wear uniforms based on a single theme, and Sailor Moon's costume concept was the closest to that which would eventually be used for all the girls.{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}} While the Soldiers first uniforms had slight differences,^[4] Takeuchi settled on a more unified appearance in later stages of character design. Among the protagonist Sailor Soldiers, Sailor Venus (during her time as Sailor V) has the only outfit that varies significantly from the others. Sailor Moon, whatever form she takes, always has a more elaborate costume than any of the others. She also gains individual power-ups more frequently than any other character. Sailor Soldiers originating from outside the Solar System have different and varying outfits; however, one single feature – the sailor collar – connects them all.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}}

Protagonists

{{anchor|Usagi Tsukino|Tsukino Usagi|Serena Tsukino}}Sailor Moon

{{anchor|Mamoru Chiba|Chiba Mamoru|Darien Shields}}Tuxedo Mask

{{anchor|Ami Mizuno|Mizuno Ami|Amy Anderson}}Sailor Mercury

{{anchor|Rei Hino|Hino Rei|Raye Hino}}Sailor Mars

{{anchor|Makoto Kino|Kino Makoto|Lita Kino}}Sailor Jupiter

{{anchor|Minako Aino|Aino Minako|Mina Aino}}Sailor Venus

{{anchor|Chibiusa|Rini}}Sailor Chibi Moon

{{anchor|Setsuna Meioh|Meio Setsuna|Trista Meioh}}Sailor Pluto

{{anchor|Haruka Tenoh|Ten'o Haruka|Amara Tenoh}}Sailor Uranus

{{anchor|Michiru Kaioh|Kaio Michiru|Michelle Kaioh}}Sailor Neptune

{{anchor|Hotaru Tomoe|Tomoe Hotaru}}Sailor Saturn

Antagonists

{{anchor|Negaverse}}Dark Kingdom

The {{Nihongo|Dark Kingdom|ダーク・キングダム|Dāku Kingudamu|called Negaverse in the original English dub}} are the main antagonists in the first arc of the manga and anime, and the entirety of the live-action series. Serving under its ruler, Queen Beryl, members of the Dark Kingdom attempt to gather human energy and find the Silver Crystal in order to reawaken Queen Metaria, the evil entity responsible for the destruction of the Silver Millennium.

{{anchor|Doom Tree aliens}}Hell Tree aliens

The Hell Tree aliens are a minor group of antagonists composed of Ail, Ann, and the eponymous Hell Tree, who appear only in the first thirteen episodes of Sailor Moon R. Ail and Ann have wandered around space alone for many years before reaching Earth, where they finally find energy to collect for the Hell Tree so that they can revive it and, in turn, it can give them energy to survive. Unlike other antagonists of the series, their mission was primarily that of survival, not conquest or destruction. In some English adaptations of the anime, their name is changed to "Doom Tree aliens".

{{anchor|Ail|Ann}}Ail and Ann

Hikaru Midorikawa voiced Ail in the original series, and Yumi Tōma voiced Ann. In the DIC English version, Alan is voiced by Vince Corazza and Ann by Sabrina Grdevich. In the Viz Media English version, Ail is voiced by Brian Beacock and Ann by Johanna Luis.

The Hell Tree

The {{nihongo|Hell Tree|魔界樹|Makai Ju|called the Doom Tree in the original English dub}} is an alien tree that nourishes Ail and Ann, but it becomes weak and requires energy to stay alive. For some time they supply it with human energy to revive but eventually this stops working. In the final episode of the story arc, the aliens try to give Usagi to it as an offering, because Usagi's energy caused a sapling to grow on the Tree. The Tree becomes angered and starts to injure those around it, killing Ann in the process. It stops to tell its story to Sailor Moon: the Hell Tree once lived alone on a faraway planet on an island in a vast ocean for countless years until it began to create life (the English dub changed the story to suggest it was once called "The Tree of Life"). It gave energy to its many children, but eventually the children became greedy and began to fight each other until the planet was destroyed and there were only two small children left, Ail and Ann. It was now weak and needed the energy of love to survive. Sailor Moon uses her power to purify the Tree, and it disappears. Ann is resurrected and when she reunites with Ail, a small sapling appears before them; the Tree has been reborn and they are given a chance to start over, and they leave Earth to live a better life with the Tree.

The Hell Tree was voiced in Japanese by Taeko Nakanishi. In the DIC English adaptation, the Doom Tree was voiced by Elizabeth Hanna. In the Viz Media English adaptation, she is voiced by Erin Fitzgerald.

Cardians

The {{nihongo|Cardians|カーディアン|Kādian}} are monsters of the day used by Ail and Ann to obtain energy to revive the Hell Tree. The Cardians are kept in cards until they are summoned by Ail. To summon them, Ail would hold up several cards, and Ann would pick one. The card would then rise into the air and Ail would play a tune on his flute which causes the Cardian to come alive. When a Cardian is destroyed, it changes back into its card form and the picture of the Cardian on the card turns black.

{{anchor|Negamoon Family}}Black Moon Clan

The {{Nihongo|Black Moon Clan|ブラック・ムーン一族|Burakku Mūn Ichizoku|called Negamoon Family in the original English dub}} are the main antagonists in the Black Moon arc of the manga and in the majority of Sailor Moon R. Members of the Black Moon Clan come from Planet Nemesis, a fictional tenth planet of the Solar System, and have black upside-down crescents on their foreheads. They are led by Prince Demand, who has been manipulated so that he and the Black Moon Clan members gather power for the Wiseman.

{{anchor|Heart Snatchers}}Death Busters

The {{Nihongo|Death Busters|デス・バスターズ|Desu Basutāzu|called Heart Snatchers in the original English dub}} are the main antagonists in the Infinity arc of the manga and in Sailor Moon S. Led by Professor Souichi Tomoe, the main goal of the Death Busters is the resurrection of Mistress 9, who in turn would bring the alien creature Pharaoh 90 to destroy Earth in an event known as "Silence".

{{anchor|Dark Moon Circus}}Dead Moon Circus

The {{Nihongo|Dead Moon Circus|デッド・ムーン・サーカス|Deddo Mūn Sākasu|called Dark Moon Circus in the original English dub}} are the main antagonists in the Dream arc of the manga and in Sailor Moon Super S. Led by Zirconia, members of the Dead Moon Circus are searching for the Golden Crystal, which will allow their Queen Nehelenia to break free of her entrapment within a mirror and take over the Earth.

Shadow Galactica

Supporting characters

Luna, Artemis, and Diana

The series includes three different cat characters who act as advisors to their respective owners. Each has the power of speech, and bears a crescent moon symbol on his or her forehead. The two older cats, Luna and Artemis, lived in the Moon Kingdom, millennia before the main plot, and acted as advisors to Queen Serenity; the third, Diana, is much younger and was born on Earth. The cats serve as mentors and confidantes, and a source of information and new tools and special items. They are shown to have additional physical forms, a deeper backstory, and an unrequited love or two. Although Luna takes the largest role of the three, Artemis was the first of the cats to appear; he figures prominently in Sailor V, the manga series which preceded Sailor Moon.

In Act 46 of the manga, the three are attacked by Sailor Tin Nyanko, a false Soldier from their home planet Mau (named after the Chinese word "貓", meaning "cat"). Artemis terms it a peace-loving world, but Tin Nyanko informs him that its people were wiped out by Sailor Galaxia after he and Luna left it. Tin Nyanko blasts all three of them on their crescent moon symbols, and they turn into ordinary cats, unable to speak. Later, as they care for the badly injured cats, Princess Kakyuu tells Usagi that the three of them have powerful Star Seeds, as brilliant as Sailor Crystals. In Act 48, they are brought to the River Lethe and killed by Sailor Lethe. They are reincarnated at the end of the series along with everyone else.^[23]

In the live-action series, Luna and Artemis are portrayed as stuffed toys rather than real cats. Usually they are represented by a puppet, though CGI effects are used for complicated scenes.

Writer Mary Grigsby considers the cat characters to blend pre-modern ideas about feminine mystery and modern ideas such as the lucky cat.^[24]

Luna

In "The Lover of Princess Kaguya", a side-story of the manga, she falls in love with a human named Kakeru. This story was adapted in The Movie,{{Citation needed|date=July 2017}} and features Luna's first transformation into a human. She gets a cold and tries to find her way home despite Artemis' plea to go with her. She ends up lying in the street until Kakeru saves her from becoming roadkill.

In Act 27 of the live-action series, Luna gains the ability to turn into a young human girl, going by the name Luna Tsukino while able to become a Sailor Soldier known as "Sailor Luna".^[25] She is shown living as a human with Usagi's family, with whom she gets along quite well, but still takes on her cat form when necessary. Her personality as a human girl is identical to her normal self and is easily overwhelmed by her feline nature, but she is also shown to have taken on some of the personality traits of Usagi and her mother, such as acting in the same melodramatic manner when waking up in the morning. Takeuchi designed the character of Sailor Luna.{{Citation needed|date=July 2017}} Luna's human form is portrayed by Rina Koike, who thought that she was going to play Chibiusa until she went in for a costume fitting.^[26]

Luna is voiced by Keiko Han in the anime television series and the live-action series, and by Ryō Hirohashi in all media following Sailor Moon Crystal. In the DIC/Cloverway English adaptation, she is voiced by Jill Frappier, who portrayed the character with an English accent,^[27] described as "fairly old, not to mention cranky and British".^[28] Her role in the series has been compared to Rupert Giles' in Buffy the Vampire Slayer.^[27] In the Viz Media English adaptation, her voice is supplied by Michelle Ruff.

Artemis

In the original Japanese series, Artemis is voiced by Yasuhiro Takato in Sailor Moon and by Yōhei Ōbayashi in Crystal. In the live-action series, he is voiced by Kappei Yamaguchi. He appears in the first Sailor Moon musical, played by a cat-suited Keiji Himeno. In the DIC/Cloverway English adaptation, he is voiced by Ron Rubin. In the Viz Media English adaptation, his voice is supplied by Johnny Yong Bosch.

Diana

Diana is voiced by Kumiko Nishihara in the first series, and by Shoko Nakagawa in Crystal. In the Cloverway English adaptation, she is voiced by Loretta Jafelice in the series, and by Naomi Emmerson in The Movie. In the Viz Media English adaptation, she is voiced by Debi Derryberry.

{{anchor|Sera Sutaraitsu|The Three Lights}}Sailor Starlights

The {{nihongo|Sailor Starlights|セーラースターライツ|Sērā Sutāraitsu}} are a group of Sailor Soldiers composed of Sailor Star Fighter, Sailor Star Maker, and Sailor Star Healer; in civilian form they go by the pseudonyms Kou Seiya, Kou Taiki, and Kou Yaten, respectively. They come from the fictional planet Kinmoku, whose princess, Princess Kakyuu, left the planet to escape Sailor Galaxia's assault and to heal her wounds. The Starlights abandon Kinmoku and track Kakyuu to Earth and then Japan, where the Starlights disguise themselves as a male pop star group called {{nihongo|The Three Lights|スリーライツ|Surī Raitsu}} and embed their music with a telepathic broadcast in order to attract Kakyuu's attention. The Three Lights all attend Jūban High School along with Usagi and her friends. Eventually, on their way to the Galaxy Cauldron, they are killed by Galaxia's servants Sailor Chi and Sailor Phi.

In the anime, the Starlights were given a major role. The trio are biologically males in their civilian forms, becoming women when transforming into Sailor Soldiers, as opposed to their manga counterparts who are females that disguise themselves as males in their civilian forms. As Starlights, they distance themselves from the other Sailor Soldiers, deeming that Earth is not their responsibility.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}} The Starlights survive several direct battles with Galaxia herself, and help Sailor Moon defeat Chaos to save Galaxia. Takeuchi expressed surprise at Toei Animation's decision to make the Starlights lead characters in the anime adaptation, but was even more shocked by their treatment of the Starlights' sex.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}} The change was directly overseen by director Takuya Igarashi.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}} In the Italian dub, instead of changing sex, there were six people – the Three Lights were always men, and simply summoned their twin sisters instead of transforming, as the original depiction was very controversial in Italy.^[31]

The Starlights are featured in several of the Sailor Moon musicals (Sailor Stars, Eien Densetsu, and their revised editions, plus Ryuusei Densetsu and Kakyuu-Ouhi Kourin). While played by women, it is meant to be ambiguous as to whether or not they take on male forms (like in the anime) or are cross-dressers (like in the manga), though their personalities are clearly from the anime.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}} Their story also combines elements from both the manga and the anime; for instance, they travel to the Galaxy Cauldron as they do in the manga, but survive the battles against Galaxia as they do in the anime.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}} The pairings with the Sailor Soldiers from the anime are also featured in some musicals.

Their exact relationship to each other is unknown; according to the manga they are not siblings.^[32]{{rp|Act 44}} Their surname "Kou" (光) translates to "light", among other things,^[33] making the name "Three Lights" a pun. In the original English manga, "Kou" was translated to "Lights" and was used as their shared family name.

When Takeuchi originally designed the Sailor Starlights, she did so without their ponytails, but Bandai explained to her that short-haired dolls were difficult to make. Describing herself as having a "soft spot for dolls", Takeuchi eventually added the ponytails.{{Citation needed|date=March 2018}}

{{anchor|Kou Seiya|Seiya}}Sailor Star Fighter

Seiya becomes the star player of their local high-school American football team and the school's star athlete, upsetting Haruka Tenoh, who was the school's previous star athlete on the track and field team.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}} Eventually, she raises the suspicions of the Sailor Soldiers as to her identity.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}} In the anime, Taiki and Yaten consider him prone to bouts of childishness (such as when he shows off his basketball skills in front of the school),^[34] but generally follow his lead.

Eventually, Seiya develops strong feelings for Usagi and his attempts to forge a bond with her provide the primary romantic tension of the season. Seiya calls Usagi odango, like Mamoru does. The two even go on a date at an amusement park, which prematurely ends when Sailor Iron Mouse attacks.^[35] Seiya makes his interest in her clear when they spend time together practicing softball, telling her, "I like your light."^[36] However, Seiya's feelings are not fully reciprocated and he/she acknowledges the one-sided romance.^[37]

The relationship between Sailor Star Fighter and Princess Kakyuu is slightly ambiguous. In the anime, when he daydreams of his home planet, he thinks lovingly of an image of his princess, which is suddenly superimposed by an image of Usagi, much as Usagi had seen Seiya's image overlaid by Mamoru in previous episodes.^[38] In the image poem released for his CD single, however, he suggests that his feelings for her are because he is "carrying the heart of a boy" and because he was attracted to her light.{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}}

Seiya's responsibilities in the band are lead vocals, guitar, and lyrics. He/she was seen in the anime playing the drums very angrily in their hideout because they think their princess has not heard them yet. After this, Seiya is not seen on the drums again. According to Naoko Takeuchi's words, when she created this character it was meant to be a combination between Haruka and Mamoru, and was modeled after Jenny Shimizu.^[14]

In the original Japanese version of the anime series, he/she was voiced by Shiho Niiyama in one of her final roles before her death. In the musicals, Seiya has been portrayed by Sayuri Katayama, Chinatsu Akiyama and Meiku Harukawa.

{{anchor|Kou Taiki|Taiki}}Sailor Star Maker

Like Yaten, Taiki believes that Seiya should stay away from Usagi after learning she is Sailor Moon, despite their wish, shared by Princess Kakyuu and the Sailor Soldiers, for them all to work together.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}} However, his/her views on Usagi change for the better near the end of Sailor Stars. He/she is the most cool-headed of the trio.

Taiki's responsibilities in the band are background vocals, keyboards, and composition. He/she also enjoys poetry and belongs to the literature club at school. Taiki is meant to be a more-distant Setsuna Meioh.^[14]

In the original Japanese version of the anime series, he/she was voiced by Narumi Tsunoda. In the musicals, Taiki has been portrayed by Hikari Ono, Akiko Nakayama, and Riona Tatemichi.

{{anchor|Kou Yaten|Yaten}}Sailor Star Healer

In the anime, Yaten is a boy.{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}} He has the most spiritual awareness of the Starlights, and is able to tell when Star Seeds are taken by Sailor Galaxia. He views humans as untrustworthy and wants to find Princess Kakyuu so they can leave Earth as quickly as possible. This comes further to light when they discover that Usagi is Sailor Moon. Yaten believes that Seiya should stay away from Usagi, despite their wish, shared by Princess Kakyuu and the Sailor Soldiers, for them all to work together.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}} His view is shared by Taiki as well as Sailors Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. However, also like Taiki, his views on Usagi change for the better near the end of Sailor Stars. In the anime, Yaten is shown to be physically stronger in his civilian form than Makoto Kino, the strongest of the Sailor Soldiers, in her civilian form.

Yaten's responsibilities in the band are background vocals, bass guitar, and song arrangement. He/she also enjoys photography but does not belong to any school club, preferring to just go home.^[14]

In the original Japanese version of the anime series, Yaten was voiced by Chika Sakamoto. In the musicals, Yaten has been portrayed by Momoko Okuyama, Mikako Tabe, and Saki Matsuda.

Other humans

Ikuko Tsukino

In the live-action series, Ikuko is portrayed as an extremely outgoing, quirky, and determined person. She changes her hairstyle almost every day, is constantly trying out new (and questionable) omelette recipes, and loves nothing more than being in the spotlight. She is a high-school friend with Minako's manager, and it is said the two of them were big participants in their school's theater program.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}}

In the original Japanese series, Ikuko is voiced by Sanae Takagi in the first anime and by Yuko Mizutani in Crystal until her death in 2016.^[43] In the DIC and Cloverway English dubs, she is voiced by Barbara Radecki. In the Viz Media English dub, her voice is supplied by Tara Platt. Kaori Moriwaka portrays Ikuko in the live-action series.

Kenji Tsukino

In the live-action series, he never appears in the main body of the series, which is explained by his always being away on business trips. He appears briefly in the direct-to-DVD Special Act, crying at Usagi's wedding.

In the anime series, Kenji is voiced by Yuji Machi in the first series and by Mitsuaki Madono in Crystal. In the DIC/Cloverway English adaptation, he is voiced by David Huband. In the Viz Media English adaptation, he is voiced by Keith Silverstein. In the Special Act of the live-action series, he is portrayed by series director Ryuta Tasaki.

{{anchor|Sammy Tsukino}}Shingo Tsukino

In the live-action series, Shingo dislikes much of what his sister and mother do, and does not care about much of life in general. In the video game Another Story, Shingo is temporarily granted a large role, as he is kidnapped for ransom by the villains in an attempt to force Usagi to hand over the Silver Crystal.

In the original Japanese series, Shingo was voiced by Chiyoko Kawashima until her retirement in 2001, with Seria Ryū taking over the role afterward in Crystal.^[43] In the DIC/Cloverway English adaptation, he is voiced by Julie Lemieux. In the Viz Media English adaptation, his voice is supplied by Nicolas Roye. In the live-action series, he is portrayed by Naoki Takeshi.

{{anchor|Molly Baker}}Naru Osaka

Naru plays a much more important role in the live-action series, learning most of the truth about the Sailor Soldiers. She is also a more confident and outgoing person. For a short while, she and Ami share a conflicted relationship as both seem to be jealous of the other's closeness with Usagi. However, they resolve their differences and become good friends.

Naru's younger sister, Naruru, features in a short side-story in the Stars manga.^[47]{{rp|Chibiusa's Picture Diary #4}}^[48] In the anime it is stated that she is an only child.^[49] Naruru at first appears with Haruka, Michiru, and Usagi at the high school and is shown getting along with them.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}}

Naru is voiced by Shino Kakinuma in the original series and by Satomi Satō in Crystal.^[43] In the DIC/Cloverway English versions, she is voiced by Mary Long in a heavy Brooklyn accent.^[12] In the Viz Media English version, she is voiced by Danielle Judovits. Chieko Kawabe portrays her in the live-action series.

{{anchor|Melvin Butlers}}Gurio Umino

The kanji in Umino's surname represent a pun meaning either "ocean field" or "of ocean"; as such, it is constructed in the same way as Usagi's and those of other Sailor Soldiers. His first name, Gurio, is given in hiragana and so its meaning is unclear.{{Original research inline|date=May 2018}}

In the Japanese series, his voice actor is Keiichi Nanba in Sailor Moon and Daiki Yamashita in Crystal.^[43] In the DIC/Cloverway English adaptation, he is voiced by Roland Parliament. In the Viz Media English adaptation, his voice is supplied by Ben Diskin.

{{anchor|Patricia Haruna}}Haruna Sakurada

The kanji in her name mean "cherry blossom" (sakura), "rice field" (da), "spring" (haru), and "vegetables" (na). The "spring" part of her name becomes a pun in the context of other works by Takeuchi: Haruna appears very briefly in one earlier series, The Cherry Project, which features her sister Fuyuna in one of its side stories.{{Citation needed|date=August 2017}} Two other characters with similar names appear in Takeuchi works: Natsuna in Sailor V and Akina in PQ Angels.{{Citation needed|date=August 2017}} The Japanese words fuyu, natsu, and aki mean "winter", "summer", and "autumn", respectively.{{Citation needed|date=August 2017}}

In the Japanese series, Haruna was originally voiced by Chiyoko Kawashima in Sailor Moon until her retirement in 2001. Akemi Kanda voices her from Crystal onwards.^[43] In the DIC English adaptation, she is voiced by Nadine Rabinovitch. In the Viz Media English adaptation, her voice is supplied by Julie Ann Taylor. She is played by Tomoko Otakara in the live-action series. In the musicals, Haruna is portrayed at various points by Kasumi Hyuga and Kiho Seishi.

{{anchor|Andrew Hansford}}Motoki Furuhata

In the live-action series, the Crown Center is a karaoke parlor. There is an initial recurring flirtatious relationship between Motoki and Makoto until it becomes a bit more serious, and in the Special Act, which takes place four years after the series finale, Motoki proposes to Makoto, who accepts.

In the Japanese series, Motoki is voiced by Hiroyuki Satō in Sailor Moon and by Hiroshi Okamoto in Crystal.^[43] In the DIC English adaptation, he is voiced by Colin O'Meara, in the Cloverway one by Joel Feeney. In the Viz Media English adaptation, his voice is supplied by Lucien Dodge. Motoki is portrayed by Masaya Kikawada in the live-action series.

{{anchor|Rita Blake}}Reika Nishimura

Rei's grandfather

{{anchor|Chad Kumada}}Yūichirō Kumada

Unazuki Furuhata

Ittou Asanuma

Kotono Sarashina

Momoko Momohara

{{anchor|Kelly Sarashina}}Kyūsuke Sarashina

Other nonhumans

Queen Serenity

She is voiced by Mika Doi in the first anime series, with Mami Koyama taking over the role for Crystal. In the DIC/Cloverway English adaptation, she is voiced by Barbara Radecki in the first episode and later by Wendy Lyon. In the Viz Media English adaptation, she is voiced by Wendee Lee. In the live-action series, Miyuu Sawai portrays Queen Serenity, with her voice dubbed over by Yōko Sōmi.

{{anchor|Phobos|Deimos}}Phobos and Deimos

In the live-action series, Rei's crows appear only in the third episode. In the Another Story video game, they go with her on the search for Jadeite's stone. A fake Deimos and Phobos appear in crow form in the musical Sailor Moon S - Usagi - Ai no Senshi e no Michi. They were portrayed by male actors. Like Luna and Artemis before them, they are portrayed as adult actors in animal costumes.^[56]{{Full citation needed|date=January 2017}}

{{anchor|Helios|Pegasus}}Helios/Pegasus

Helios is assisted by the {{nihongo|Maenads|メナード|Menado}}, two priestesses who guard a shrine in Elysion. They escaped the Dead Moon Circus' curse by falling asleep. The Maenads eventually awaken and guide Chibiusa to Helios, and later appear along with the main characters after Nehelenia's defeat.

In the original anime adaptation's fourth season, Sailor Moon SuperS, Helios guards the Golden Crystal that protects the sweet and beautiful dreams of Earth's people, as well as drawing more power and strength from those dreams.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}} Because of this, he was attacked by the Dead Moon Circus' jealous queen Nehelenia, who wants him for herself, and leaves his own body to flee with the Crystal. Taking on the form of the mythical Pegasus, he places the Crystal on his forehead as a horn and hides in Chibiusa's dreams. There, he asks for her help and grants power to her and to her allies using several special items. Though he does not trust Chibiusa at first, they gradually develop a connection, and in the end he tells her his secrets by revealing his world of Elysion as well as his true form and name.

In the anime series, he is voiced by Taiki Matsuno in Sailor Moon. In the Cloverway English adaptation, he is voiced by Robert Bockstael and in the Viz Media English adaptation, he is voiced by Chris Niosi. In the musicals, Pegasus is voiced by Yuuta Enomoto.^[57]{{Full citation needed|date=January 2017}}

Takeuchi stated that she was dissatisfied with Helios' clothing design, having created his outfit in a hurry because it was easy to draw and she was pressed for time. She describes the result as "ugly" and "a disaster", commenting that the character inherited his "irresponsible ways" from herself.^[58]

{{anchor|Sailor Kakyuu|Kakyuu}}Princess Kakyuu

In the anime adaptation, Kakyuu goes to Earth to locate the "Light of Hope" and to hide from Galaxia.^[37] During her time under Chibichibi's care, she is aware of the Starlights searching for her, but cannot reveal herself too soon.^[37] She eventually saves Sailor Moon and the others from a black hole and resumes leadership of the Starlights.{{Citation needed|date=May 2018}} However, after Kakyuu is found, Galaxia steals her Star Seed, killing her. After Sailor Moon defeats Chaos, Kakyuu is revived. She and the Starlights return to Kinmoku to rebuild and start over.^[59] Her Sailor Soldier form is never shown in this adaptation.

In the original Japanese series, her voice actress is Sakiko Tamagawa. In the musical version, Princess Kakyuu is portrayed by Sakoto Yoshioka, Ai Toyama, and Asami Okamura.

{{anchor|Sailor Chibichibi}}Chibichibi

Chibichibi is first shown floating down to Earth with an umbrella in her hand and shows up at the Tsukino house.^[32]{{rp|Act 44}} In the anime, she first meets Usagi in the park one afternoon and starts to follow her around, saying only "chibi chibi" without having been prompted.^[61] Chibichibi attaches herself to Usagi's family, whose memories are modified so that they believe her to be the youngest child of the family – almost exactly what Chibiusa had done on her first appearance.^[62] Chibichibi is the caretaker of a small ornate censer in which Princess Kakyuu is resting, hidden from the evil Sailor Galaxia.^[32]{{rp|Act 45}}^[63] Chibichibi eventually transforms, under her own power, into a Sailor Soldier called Sailor Chibichibi.^[47]{{rp|Act 46}} In her Sailor Soldier form, she carries a heart scepter and uses it to defend herself and Sailor Moon, but is not shown using any attack of her own.^[47]{{rp|Act 48}} Chibichibi's childlike form is a disguise for Sailor Cosmos, a powerful Sailor Soldier who is the future version of Sailor Moon.^[2]{{rp|Act 51}}

In the anime, Chibichibi is the Star Seed of Sailor Galaxia, who had once been a great force for good.^[64] When Galaxia fought Chaos, she could see no way to defeat it except to seal it away inside her own body. In order to protect her Star Seed from being corrupted, she sent it away to Earth, where it became Chibichibi.^[64] Chibichibi is referred to as the "light of hope" (kibō no hikari) by the Starlights; their one chance for defeating Galaxia. In the end, Chibichibi transforms herself into the Sword of Sealing (fuuin no ken), the weapon Galaxia had used to seal away Chaos, and Chibichibi begs Sailor Moon to use it to defeat them. During the battle, Galaxia shatters the sword, killing Chibichibi. However, Chibichibi is revived along with all the other fallen Sailor Soldiers after Sailor Moon cleanses Galaxia of Chaos.^[59]

In the anime series, Chibichibi and Sailor Moon are voiced by Kotono Mitsuishi in a dual role.^[65] In the stage musicals, Chibichibi has been played by Mao Kawasaki, Mikiko Asuke, Yuka Gouchou, and Mina Horita. Takeuchi praised Kawasaki's cuteness as Chibichibi.^[66]{{Page needed|date=January 2017}} When she appears in the stage musicals, Chibichibi's backstory always follows the anime version. She is given her own song, "Mou ii no" ({{lang-en|It's All Right}}), which she sings to announce that she has come to rejoin Galaxia.

Sailor Cosmos

Merchandise

Differences in character between the Sailor Soldiers mirror differences in their hairstyles, fashion, and magical items, which has translated well into doll lines.^[69] Sales of the Sailor Soldiers fashion dolls overtook those of Licca-chan in the 1990s. Mattel attributed this to the "fashion-action" blend of the Sailor Moon storyline; doll accessories included both fashion items and the Soldier's weapons.^[12] The first line of dolls included Queen Beryl, the first major antagonist of the series, a decision that was described as a "radical idea".^[70] The first dolls based on Chibiusa surprised Takeuchi because, at that time, the author had not even finalized the character's hairstyle, and explains that viewing the doll's head from various angles was wonderful.{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}} Bandai introduced a line of little dolls that included the Amazoness Quartet and, according to Takeuchi, these were their favorite because "with their costumes and faithfulness to the originals, the dolls really excelled."{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}} Bandai has released several S.H. Figuarts based on the characters' appearances from both the first anime adaptation and Sailor Moon Crystal.^[71] Among those figures are the Sailor Soldiers, Tuxedo Mask, Black Lady, and Zoisite disguised as Sailor Moon.^[72] In early 2014, Megahouse released a set of trading figures consisting of twelve figurines, two for each Sailor Soldier and two for Tuxedo Mask.^[73]

Several characters, including Sailor Soldiers, villains, supporting characters, and monsters of the day are featured in a collectible card game which was released in 2000 by Dart Flipcards.{{Citation needed|date=March 2018}} A collaboration between Sailor Moon and Capcom took place in March 2018 as part of the 25th anniversary celebration of the Sailor Moon franchise. In this collaboration, the Felyne cat companion resembles Luna and wields Usagi's Cutie Moon Rod weapon in the Monster Hunter XX expansion of Monster Hunter Generations.^[74]

Reception

The function of the Sailor Soldiers themselves has been analyzed by critics, often in terms of feminist theory.^[78] Susan J. Napier described the Sailor Soldiers as "powerful, yet childlike", and suggested that this is because Sailor Moon is aimed towards an audience of young girls. She stated that the Sailor Soldiers readily accept their powers and destinies and do not agonize over them, which can be read as an expression of power and success.^[69] The Sailor Soldiers have been described as merging male and female traits, being both desirable and powerful. As sexualized teen heroines, they are significantly different from the sexless representation of 1980s teen heroines such as Nausicaä.^[79] Anne Allison noted that the use of the sailor fuku as a costume makes it easy for girls to identify with the Sailor Soldiers, but also for older males to see them as sex symbols.^[76] Unlike the female Power Rangers, who as the series go on become more unisex in both costume and poses, the Sailor Soldiers' costumes become frillier and more "feminine".^[80]

Mary Grigsby considered that the Sailor Soldiers blend ancient characteristics and symbols of femininity with modern ideas, reminding the audience of a pre-modern time when females were equal to males,^[10] but other critics drew parallels with the modern character type of the aggressive cyborg woman, pointing out that the Sailor Soldiers are augmented by their magical equipment.^[69]^[81]^[82] Much of the Sailor Soldiers' strength stems from their reliance and friendship with other girls rather than from men.^[83]

Kazuko Minomiya has described the daily lives of the girls within the series as risoukyou, or "utopic". They are shown as enjoying many leisure activities such as shopping, visiting amusement parks, and hanging out at the Crown Arcade. According to Allison, Minomiya points out that the depiction of life is harder and more serious for male superheroes.^[76] The characters "double" as ordinary girls and as "celestially-empowered superheroes".^[12] The "highly stylized"^[12] transformation that the Sailor Soldiers go through has been said to "symbolically separate" the negative aspects of the characters (laziness, for example) and the positive aspects of the superheroine,^[81] and gives each girl her unique uniform and "a set of individual powers".^[12] Some commentators have read the transformation of the Sailor Soldiers as symbolic of puberty, as cosmetics appear on the Soldiers and their uniforms highlight cleavages, slim waists, and long legs,^[10]^[84] which "outright force the pun on heavenly bodies".^[85]

Jason Thompson found the Sailor Moon anime reinvigorated the magical girl genre by adding dynamic heroines and action-oriented plots. Following its success, similar series, such Magic Knight Rayearth, Wedding Peach, Nurse Angel Ririka SOS, Revolutionary Girl Utena, Fushigi Yuugi and Pretty Cure, emerged.^[6]{{rp|199}}

Notes

1. ^¹{{cite web|last=McCarter |first=Charles |title=Public Interview with Takeuchi Naoko |work=EX: CLUSIVE |publisher=www.ex.org |url=http://www.ex.org/3.6/13-feature_takeuchi.html |format=Q & A Interview |accessdate=2006-11-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221051150/http://www.ex.org/3.6/13-feature_takeuchi.html |archivedate=2009-02-21 |df= }}
2. ^¹²³⁴{{cite book|last1=Takeuchi|first1=Naoko|title=Prety Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 18|date=1997|publisher=Kodansha|location=Tokyo|isbn=4061788582}}
3. ^{{cite book|last1=Naoko|first1=Takeuchi|title=Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon: Volume 2|date=2003|publisher=Kodansha|location=Tokyo|isbn=406334777X|edition=Shinsōban}}
4. ^{{cite web|last=Silverman|first=Rebecca|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/sailor-moon/gn-1/|title=Sailor Moon GN 1 - Review|publisher=Anime News Network|date=2011-09-21|accessdate=2013-04-22}}
5. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷{{cite book|last=Drazen|first=Patrick|title=Anime Explosion! The What? Why? & Wow! Of Japanese Animation|date=October 2002|publisher=Stone Bridge Press|location=Berkeley, California|isbn=1880656728|oclc=50898281}}
6. ^¹{{cite book|last1=Thompson|first1=Jason|title=The Complete Guide|date=2007|publisher=Del Rey Books|location=New York|isbn=9780345485908}}
7. ^{{cite AV media|people=Kunihiko Ikuhara (Director)|date=December 5, 1993|title=劇場版美少女戦士セーラームーンＲ|trans-title=Sailor Moon R: The Movie|medium=Motion picture|location=Japan|publisher=Toei Company}}
8. ^{{cite book|last1=Takeuchi|first1=Naoko|title=Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 4|date=1993|publisher=Kodansha|location=Tokyo|isbn=4061787535|chapter=Act 14}}
9. ^{{cite episode|title=Huge Shock for Usagi! Mamoru Declares a Break Up|series=Sailor Moon|serieslink=List of Sailor Moon R episodes|network=TV Asahi|airdate=July 3, 1993|seriesno=2|number=61|language=Japanese}}
10. ^¹²³{{cite news|last=Grigsby|first=Mary|title=Sailormoon: Manga (Comics) and Anime (Cartoon) Superheroine Meets Barbie: Global Entertainment Commodity Comes to the United States.|url=http://www.yorku.ca/jjenson/4303/readings/comics/sailormoon.pdf|newspaper=The Journal of Popular Culture|issue=32|date=1998|accessdate=20 October 2011|pages=59–80|doi=10.1111/j.0022-3840.1998.3201_59.x}}
11. ^¹{{cite book|last1=Takeuchi|first1=Naoko|title=Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 1|date=1992|publisher=Kodansha|location=Tokyo|isbn=4061787217}}
12. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite journal|last=Allison|first=Anne|title=A Challenge to Hollywood? Japanese Character Goods Hit the US|journal=Japanese Studies|volume=20|issue=1|pages=67–88|publisher=Routledge|year=2000|doi=10.1080/10371390050009075}}
13. ^¹{{cite book|last1=Takeuchi|first1=Naoko|title=Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 12|date=1995|publisher=Kodansha|location=Tokyo|isbn=4061788140}}
14. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite book|last1=Takeuchi|first1=Naoko|title=Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Materials Collection|date=1999|publisher=Kodansha|location=Tokyo|isbn=4063245217}}
15. ^{{cite episode|title=Is Seijuro the Moonlight Knight? Mako On Fire|series=Sailor Moon|serieslink=List of Sailor Moon R episodes|network=TV Asahi|airdate=May 22, 1993|seriesno=2|number=55|language=Japanese}}
16. ^{{cite book|last1=Takeuchi|first1=Naoko|title=Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 13|date=1995|publisher=Kodansha|location=Tokyo|isbn=4061788205|chapter=Act 37}}
17. ^¹{{cite book|last1=Takeuchi|first1=Naoko|title=Codename: Sailor V|date=2011|publisher=Kodansha|location=New York|isbn=1935429779|edition=English}}
18. ^¹²³⁴{{cite book|last1=Takeuchi|first1=Naoko|title=Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 2|date=1992|publisher=Kodansha|location=Tokyo|isbn=4061787314}}
19. ^{{cite episode|title=Crazy for Celebrities! Mimet, in Doubt|series=Sailor Moon|serieslink=List of Sailor Moon Super episodes|network=Toei|station=Asahi|location=Tokyo|airdate=November 19, 1994|seriesno=3|number=114}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/pretty-guardian-sailor-moon|title=Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon - Review|last=Mays|first=Jonathon|date=April 6, 2004|publisher=Anime News Network|accessdate=2009-07-20}}
21. ^{{cite book|last1=Takeuchi|first1=Naoko|title=Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 10|date=1995|publisher=Kodansha|location=Tokyo|isbn=406178806X|chapter=Back of volume}}
22. ^{{cite episode|title=The Bond of Destiny! The Distant Days of Uranus|series=Sailor Moon|serieslink=List of Sailor Moon Super episodes|network=Toei|station=Asahi|location=Tokyo|airdate=September 3, 1994|seriesno=3|number=106}}
23. ^Luna and Artemis return and give birth to Diana in the future.
24. ^{{cite book|last1=Lent|first1=John A.|title=Assorted Themes and Issues in Asian Cartooning: Cute, Cheap, Mad, and Sexy|date=1998|publisher=Bowling Green State University Popular Press|location=Bowling Green, Ohio|isbn=9780879727796|page=195|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b0EJmrszhyQC&pg=PP9&vq=183&lr=&source=gbs_search_r&cad=0_1&sig=JPnTIMbw7UkwBAZp-shiZ2WQaRE#PPA195,M1|accessdate=28 January 2017|language=en}}
25. ^{{cite episode|title=Luna Became a Sailor Senshi!|series=Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon|serieslink=Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (live-action series)|credits=Ryuta Tasaki (director); Yasuko Kobayashi (writer)|network=Toei|airdate=April 17, 2004|season=1|number=27}}
26. ^{{cite AV media|people=Ryuta Tasaki (director)|date=September 24, 2004|title=Sailor Moon ni Oshiokiyo 7|trans-title=Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon 7|medium=DVD|location=Japan|publisher=Toei}}
27. ^¹{{cite web|title=Animerica Feature: Separated at Birth? Buffy vs. Sailor Moon|url=http://www.animerica-mag.com/features/buffyvsmoon.html|website=Animerica|publisher=Wayback Machine|accessdate=28 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040407170022/http://www.animerica-mag.com/features/buffyvsmoon.html|archivedate=7 April 2004}}
28. ^{{cite web|title=Animerica Feature: The Sailor Moon Movies|url=http://www.animerica-mag.com/features/sailor_movies.html|website=Animerica|publisher=Wayback Machine|accessdate=28 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040407174710/http://www.animerica-mag.com/features/sailor_movies.html|archivedate=7 April 2004}}
29. ^{{cite episode|title=Let's Become a Princess: Usagi's Bizarre Training|episodelink=List of Sailor Moon episodes (season 1)|series=Sailor Moon|serieslink=Sailor Moon (TV series)|credits=Hiromichi Matano (director); Shigeru Yanagikawa (writer)|network=Toei|airdate=December 19, 1992|season=1|number=37}}
30. ^{{cite book|last1=Takeuchi|first1=Naoko|title=Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 13|date=1995|publisher=Kodansha|location=Tokyo|isbn=4061788205|chapter=Act 38|quote=}}
31. ^{{cite book|last1=Pellitteri|first1=Marco|last2=Yui|first2=Kiyomitsu|last3=Bouissou|first3=Jean-Marie|last4=Di Fratta|first4=Gianluca|last5=Martorella|first5=Cristiano|last6=Suvilay|first6=Bounthavy|title=The Dragon and the Dazzle: Models, Strategies, and Identities of Japanese Imagination: a European Perspective|date=2010|publisher=Tunué|location=Latina, Italy|isbn=9788889613894|page=424}}
32. ^¹²³{{cite book|last1=Naoko|first1=Takeuchi|title=Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 16|date=1996|publisher=Kodansha|location=Tokyo|isbn=4061788418}}
33. ^{{cite web|title=Google Translate|url=https://translate.google.com/#ja/en/%E5%85%89|website=translate.google.com|accessdate=30 January 2017}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tcp.com/~doi/smoon/episodes/ss174.html |title=Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episode 174 |accessdate=28 October 2006 |last=Doi |first=Hitoshi |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060917140438/http://www.tcp.com/~doi/smoon/episodes/ss174.html |archivedate=17 September 2006 |deadurl=yes |df=}}
35. ^{{cite episode|title=Seiya and Usagi's Heart-Pounding Date|episodelink=List of Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episodes|series=Sailor Moon Sailor Stars|serieslink=Sailor Moon (TV series)|credits=Junichi Sato (director); Kazuhiko Kanbe (writer)|network=Toei|airdate=July 20, 1996|season=5|number=181}}
36. ^{{cite episode|title=The Shining Power of a Star: Chibi-Chibi's Transformation|episodelink=List of Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episodes|series=Sailor Moon Sailor Stars|serieslink=Sailor Moon (TV series)|credits=Takuya Igarashi (director); Ryōta Yamaguchi (writer)|network=Toei|airdate=September 14, 1996|season=5|number=187}}
37. ^¹²{{cite episode|title=Crusade for the Galaxy: Legend of the Sailor Wars|episodelink=List of Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episodes|series=Sailor Moon Sailor Stars|serieslink=Sailor Moon (TV series)|credits=Noriyo Sasaki (director); Ryōta Yamaguchi (writer)|network=Toei|airdate=December 7, 1996|season=5|number=194}}
38. ^{{cite episode|title=Princess Kakyuu Perishes: Advent of Galaxia|episodelink=List of Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episodes|series=Sailor Moon Sailor Stars|serieslink=Sailor Moon (TV series)|credits=Masahiro Hosoda (director); Kazuhiko Kanbe (writer)|network=Toei|airdate=December 14, 1996|season=5|number=195}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tcp.com/~doi/smoon/episodes/ss177.html |title=Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episode 177 |accessdate=28 October 2006 |last=Doi |first=Hitoshi |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060914090050/http://www.tcp.com/~doi/smoon/episodes/ss177.html |archivedate=14 September 2006 |deadurl=yes |df=}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tcp.com/~doi/smoon/episodes/ss185.html |title=Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episode 185 |accessdate=28 October 2006 |last=Doi |first=Hitoshi |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060913000543/http://www.tcp.com/~doi/smoon/episodes/ss185.html |archivedate=13 September 2006 |deadurl=yes |df=}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tcp.com/~doi/smoon/episodes/ss178.html |title=Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episode 178 |accessdate=28 October 2006 |last=Doi |first=Hitoshi |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927183534/http://www.tcp.com/~doi/smoon/episodes/ss178.html |archivedate=27 September 2006 |deadurl=yes |df=}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://comicsalliance.com/tribute-naoko-takeuchi/|title=All Hail the Moon Princess: Celebrating Naoko Takeuchi|last=Collins|first=Elle|date=March 15, 2016|accessdate=February 2, 2017}}
43. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite web|last1=Loo|first1=Egan|title=Sailor Moon Crystal Cast Adds Misa Watanabe, Daisuke Kishio, Kousuke Toriumi, More|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-06-30/sailor-moon-crystal-cast-adds-misa-watanabe-daisuke-kishio-kousuke-toriumi-more/.76135|publisher=Anime News Network|accessdate=April 23, 2018|date=June 30, 2014}}
44. ^{{cite book|last1=Takeuchi|first1=Naoko|title=Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 9|date=1995|publisher=Kodansha|location=Tokyo|isbn=4061787977|chapter=Act 29}}
45. ^{{cite episode|title=Scent of a Monster: Chanela Will Steal Your Love|episodelink=List of Sailor Moon episodes (season 1)|series=Sailor Moon|serieslink=Sailor Moon (TV series)|credits=Yūji Endō (director); Shigeru Yanagikawa (writer)|network=Toei|airdate=November 4, 1992|season=1|number=5}}
46. ^{{cite episode|title=Sailor Moon Omake Making Of|series=Sailor Moon|network=Toei|location=Tokyo|airdate=May 8, 1993|season=2}}
47. ^¹²³⁴{{cite book|last1=Takeuchi|first1=Naoko|title=Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 17|date=1996|publisher=Kodansha|location=Tokyo|isbn=9784061788497}}
48. ^{{cite book|last1=Takeuchi|first1=Naoko|title=Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Shinsōban Short Stories Volume 1|date=2004|publisher=Kodansha|location=Tokyo|isbn=9784063349108|edition=Shinsōban|chapter=Chibiusa's Picture Diary #4 - The Secret Hammer Price Hall}}
49. ^{{cite episode|title=A New Enemy Appears: Nephrite's Evil Crest|series=Sailor Moon|serieslink=List of Sailor Moon Super episodes|network=Toei|station=Asahi|location=Tokyo|airdate=June 13, 1992|seriesno=1|number=14}}: Naru tells Usagi that even though she treats her childhood friend Rui Saionji like a sister, she is in fact an only child.
50. ^{{cite book|last1=Levy|first1=Stuart J.|title=A Scout is Born|date=1999|publisher=Mixx Entertainment, Inc.|location=Los Angeles, California|isbn=1892213117|edition=1st}}
51. ^{{cite episode|title=The Cursed Bus: Enter Mars, the Soldier of Fire|series=Sailor Moon|serieslink=List of Sailor Moon episodes (season 1)|network=TV Asahi|airdate=May 16, 1992|seriesno=1|number=10|language=Japanese}}
52. ^His name is seen in the credits of Episode 169.
53. ^{{cite book|last1=Takeuchi|first1=Naoko|title=Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 6|date=1994|publisher=Kodansha|location=Tokyo|isbn=4061787721|chapter=Act 22}}
54. ^¹{{cite book|last1=Naoko|first1=Takeuchi|authorlink=Naoko Takeuchi|title=Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon: Volume 15|date=1996|publisher=Kodansha|location=Tokyo|isbn=4061788353}}
55. ^{{cite episode|title=Grandpa Loses Control: Rei in Danger|episodelink=List of Sailor Moon episodes (season 1)|series=Sailor Moon|serieslink=Sailor Moon (TV series)|credits=Kazuhisa Takenouchi (director); Sukehiro Tomita (writer)|network=Toei|airdate=October 31, 1992|season=1|number=30}}
56. ^Sailor Moon S musical
57. ^1996 Sailor Moon Musical Sailor Moon Super S (Kaiteiban) Yume Senshi - Ai - Eien ni... Saturn Fukkatsu Hen!
58. ^{{cite book|last=Takeuchi|first=Naoko|title=Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume IV Original Picture Collection|date=September 1996|publisher=Kodansha|location=Tokyo|isbn=4063245195}}
59. ^¹{{cite episode|title=Usagi's Love: The Moonlight Illuminates the Galaxy|episodelink=List of Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episodes|series=Sailor Moon Sailor Stars|serieslink=Sailor Moon (TV series)|credits=Takuya Igarashi (director); Ryōta Yamaguchi (writer)|network=Toei|airdate=February 8, 1997|season=5|number=200}}
60. ^{{cite web|url=http://dict.regex.info/cgi-bin/j-e/dosearch?sDict=on&H=PS&L=J&T=chibichibi|title="Chibichibi" translates to "making something last"|accessdate=2007-05-18|publisher=Jeffrey's Japanese - English Dictionary Server}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
61. ^{{cite episode|title=Invaders from Outer Space: The Coming of Siren|episodelink=List of Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episodes|series=Sailor Moon Sailor Stars|serieslink=Sailor Moon (TV series)|credits=Noriyo Sasaki (director); Ryōta Yamaguchi (writer)|network=Toei|airdate=August 3, 1996|season=5|number=182}}
62. ^The only difference is that Chibiusa made them think she was Usagi's cousin instead of her younger sister.
63. ^{{cite episode|title=The Stolen Silver Crystal: Princess Kakyuu Appears|episodelink=List of Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episodes|series=Sailor Moon Sailor Stars|serieslink=Sailor Moon (TV series)|credits=Takuya Igarashi (director); Ryōta Yamaguchi (writer)|network=Toei|airdate=November 30, 1996|season=5|number=193}}
64. ^¹{{cite episode|title=The Light of Hope: the Final Battle for the Galaxy|episodelink=List of Sailor Moon Sailor Stars episodes|series=Sailor Moon Sailor Stars|serieslink=Sailor Moon (TV series)|credits=Masahiro Hosoda (director); Ryōta Yamaguchi (writer)|network=Toei|airdate=February 1, 1997|season=5|number=199}}
65. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tcp.com/doi/smoon/|title=Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon|accessdate=2006-10-06|last=Doi|first=Hitoshi|authorlink=Hitoshi Doi|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902105102/http://www.tcp.com/doi/smoon/|archivedate=2006-09-02}}
66. ^{{cite book|last1=Takeuchi|first1=Naoko|title=Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon Volume V Original Picture Collection|date=1997|publisher=Kodansha|location=Tokyo|isbn=4063245225}}
67. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sailor-games.com/misc2/interview.html|title=Naoko Takeuchi at the San Diego Comic Con!|accessdate=2007-07-31|date=December 1998|work=Smile magazine|quote=In the very last manga, the last book, she [ChibiChibi] is the future Sailor Moon.}}
68. ^{{cite web|last1=Nguyen|first1=Michelle|title=Essential Obscure Sailor Moon Characters|url=http://www.geek.com/television/essential-obscure-sailor-moon-characters-1674744/|website=Geek.com|accessdate=2017-01-30|date=2016-10-22}}
69. ^¹²{{cite book|last1=Martinez|first1=D.P.|title=The Worlds of Japanese Popular Culture: Gender, Shifting Boundaries and Global Culture|date=1998|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0521631289|pages=91–109|edition=Reprint}}
70. ^{{cite book|last1=Clark|first1=Beverly Lyon|last2=Higonnet|first2=Margaret R.|title=Girls, Boys, Books, Toys: Gender in Children's Literature and Culture|date=2000|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|location=Baltimore, Maryland|isbn=9780801865268|page=173|edition=1st|chapter=A Bad Hair Day for G.I. Joe}}
71. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shfiguarts.com/category.php?dept=1&cate=6 |title=S.H.Figuarts Sailor Moon |accessdate=February 2, 2017}}
72. ^{{cite web|url=http://sailormoonnews.com/2015/07/02/the-s-h-figuarts-impostor-version-of-zoisite-dressed-as-sailor-moon-will-be-a-san-diego-comic-con-exclusive/ |title=The S. H. Figuarts "Impostor Version" of Zoisite dressed as Sailor Moon will be a San Diego Comic-Con exclusive |publisher=Sailor Moon News |date=July 2, 2015 |accessdate=February 2, 2017}}
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