1. ^Abkhazia re-declared independence from Georgia on 12 October 1999, although it had been effectively self-governing since the end of the War in Abkhazia on 30 September 1993. Act of State Independence of the Republic of Abkhazia
2. ^¹ Sibghatullah Mojaddedi entered Kabul after the fall of Mohammad Najibullah and proclaimed the Islamic State of Afghanistan. [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/29/world/rebels-leader-arrives-in-kabul-and-forms-an-islamic-republic.html]
3. ^The Islamic State of Afghanistan was not recognized by Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, or the United Arab Emirates after 26 September 1996.
4. ^The Taliban took over Kabul on 26 September 1996 and proclaimed the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. [https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/27/world/afghan-fundamentalists-sweep-into-kabul.html]
5. ^The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was recognized by Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.
6. ^¹ Albania adopted a temporary basic law on 29 April 1991, changing the name of the country to "Republic of Albania". This change was confirmed in the constitution of 1998.  {{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}  
7. ^¹ Angola adopted a new constitution on 25 Aug 1992
8. ^Anjouan declared independence from the Comoros on 3 Aug 1997
9. ^The name "Argentine Nation" was also used for the purposes of legislation.
10. ^23 Provinces: Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Córdoba, Corrientes, Entre Ríos, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquén, Río Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tierra del Fuego (from 26 April 1991), Tucumán. 1 Autonomous City: Buenos Aires (from 6 August 1996). 2 Territories: Buenos Aires (to 6 August 1996), Tierra del Fuego (to 26 April 1991).
11. ^The Armenian people voted for succession from the Soviet Union in a referendum on 21 September 1991. The parliament of Armenia ratified the result on 23 September 1991. [https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/23/world/armenia-yielding-claim-on-enclave.html]
12. ^Armenia was not recognized by Pakistan.
13. ^6 States: New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia. 3 Territories: Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, Northern Territory.
14. ^9 States: Burgenland, Carinthia, Lower Austria, Salzburg, Styria, Tyrol, Upper Austria, Vorarlberg, Vienna.
15. ^On August 30, 1991, Azerbaijan's Parliament adopted the Declaration on the Restoration of the State Independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan  
16. ^3 Communities: Flemish Community, French Community, German-speaking Community. 3 Regions: Brussels, Flanders, Wallonia.
17. ^Belize was not recognized by Guatemala (to 24 November 1992)
18. ^¹ The People's Republic of Benin was renamed the Republic of Benin on 1 March 1990. Its new constitution was adopted on 2 December 1990. {{cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,NATLEGBOD,,BEN,456d621e2,3ae6b57d4,0.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-03-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324014353/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,NATLEGBOD,,BEN,456d621e2,3ae6b57d4,0.html |archivedate=2012-03-24 |df= }}
19. ^[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/bophuthatswana-taken-off-the-map-1428938.html Bophuthatswana was reintegrated into South Africa on 13 Mar 1994]
20. ^^1 2 3 The nominally independent bantustans of Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, Transkei, and Venda were only recognized by South Africa and by each other. The rest of the world regarded them as part of South Africa.
21. ^Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence from Yugoslavia on 5 April 1992 [https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2868.htm]
22. ^^1 2 The Dayton Agreement was signed on 14 December 1995, creating the unified state of Bosnia and Herzegovina.  
23. ^The Republic of Bougainville declared independence on 17 May 1990. {{cite web |url=http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/png-bougainville/key-texts4.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-05-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705200848/http://www.c-r.org/our-work/accord/png-bougainville/key-texts4.php |archivedate=2010-07-05 |df= }} After a lengthy peace process started in 1997, the Bougainville Interim Government agreed to give up their self-declared independence and establish a reconciliation government on 24 December 1998.  
24. ^26 States: Acre, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins. 1 Federal District: Brazilian Federal District.
25. ^¹ The Grand National Assembly of Bulgaria adopted a motion changing Bulgaria's official name on 15 November 1990.  
26. ^^1 2 The United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia began operations on 15 March 1992 [https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/past/untacmandate.html]
27. ^¹ Although the State of Cambodia had near total control over the territory of Cambodia, the majority of the states in the world recognized the former government of Democratic Kampuchea, which retained Cambodia's UN membership. The State of Cambodia was mainly recognized by Vietnam and states within the Soviet sphere of influence.
28. ^10 Provinces: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan. 3 Territories: Northwest Territories, Nunavut (from 1 April 1999), Yukon.
29. ^Chechnya declared state sovereignty on 1 Nov 1991
30. ^¹ The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria enacted its constitution on 12 March 1992.  
31. ^Chechnya was recognized by the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
32. ^¹ The People's Republic of China and the Republic of China did not recognize each other, as both states claimed to be the sole legitimate government of China. The following states recognized the ROC instead of the PRC: Bahamas (to 23 May 1997), Belize, Burkina Faso (from 4 February 1994), Central African Republic (from 8 July 1991 to 29 January 1998), Chad (from 15 August 1997), Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, the Gambia (from 25 July 1995), Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau (from 26 May 1990 to 13 April 1998), Grenada, Haiti, Honduras, South Korea (to 24 August 1992), Lesotho (from 5 April 1990 to 12 January 1994), Macedonia (to 27 January 1999), Malawi, Marshall Islands (from 20 November 1998), Monaco (to 16 January 1995), Nauru, Nicaragua (from 9 November 1990), Niger (from 30 June 1992 to 19 August 1996), Palau (from 1999), Panama, Paraguay, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia (to 1 September 1997), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, São Tomé and Príncipe (from 6 May 1997), Saudi Arabia (to 21 July 1990), Senegal (from 6 January 1996), Solomon Islands, South Africa (to 1 January 1998), Swaziland, Tonga (to 2 November 1998), Tuvalu, and Vatican City. After 9 September 1997, Liberia recognized both the ROC and the PRC, which led to the PRC severing diplomatic relations.
33. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/23/world/a-2d-homeland-is-taken-over-by-south-africa.html Ciskei was taken over by South Africa on 22 Mar 1994]
34. ^¹ A Sovereign National Conference was held in the People's Republic of Congo from 25 February 1991 to 10 June 1991, during which the country was renamed. {{cite web |url=http://www.etat.sciencespobordeaux.fr/_anglais/institutionnel/congo.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-09-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928175729/http://www.etat.sciencespobordeaux.fr/_anglais/institutionnel/congo.html |archivedate=2011-09-28 |df= }}
35. ^¹ Croatia and Slovenia declared independence from Yugoslavia on 25 June 1991. {{cite news|newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/26/world/2-yugoslav-states-vote-independence-to-press-demands.html |title=2 Yugoslav States Vote Independence To Press Demands |author=Chuck Sudetic |date=26 June 1991 |accessdate=12 December 2010 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69Wj75HVR?url=http://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/26/world/2-yugoslav-states-vote-independence-to-press-demands.html |archivedate=29 July 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
36. ^Cyprus was not recognized by Turkey or Northern Cyprus
37. ^¹ Following the Velvet Revolution, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was replaced by the Czechoslovak Federative Republic. (Source: Česko-slovenská federatívna republika, Zbierka zákonov č. 19/1990,   page 362, "Ústavný zákon 81/1990 Zb. z 29. marca 1990 o zmene názvu Československej socialistickej republiky", March 29, 1990 {{sk icon}} (Constitutional law about the change of the name of the Czechoslovak Socialistic Republic))
38. ^¹ After a naming dispute, the name of Czechoslovakia was changed to "Czech and Slovak Federative Republic" (Source: Česká a Slovenská Federatívna Republika, Zbierka zákonov č. 21/1990, page 404, "Ústavný zákon 101/1990 Zb. z 20. apríla 1990 o zmene názvu Česko-slovenskej federatívnej republiky", April 20, 1990 {{sk icon}} (Constitutional law about the change of the name of the Czecho-Slovak Federative Republic))
39. ^^1 2 Czechoslovakia was dissolved on midnight of 31 December 1992. From the start of 1993, the Czech Republic and Slovakia were independent countries. [https://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/01/world/czechoslovakia-breaks-in-two-to-wide-regret.html]
40. ^^1 2 3 Owing to a dispute over lands seized during World War II, Liechtenstein and Czechoslovakia did not recognize each other. This dispute continued with Czechoslovakia's successor states.
41. ^2 Republics: Czech Socialist Republic (renamed Czech Republic on 29 March 1990), Slovak Socialist Republic (renamed Slovak Republic on 1 March 1990).
42. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/25/world/eritrea-marks-independence-after-years-under-ethiopia.html Eritrea declared independence from Ethiopia on 24 May 1993]
43. ^¹ The Workers' Party of Ethiopia regime collapsed on 28 May 1991. [https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/28/world/ethiopian-rebels-storm-the-capital-and-seize-control.html]
44. ^¹ [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html Ethiopia's constitution came into force on 22 Aug 1995]
45. ^9 Regions: Afar, Amhara, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambela, Harari, Oromiya, Somali, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region, Tigray. 2 Chartered Cities: Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa.
46. ^¹ Fiji adopted a new constitution on 25 July 1990 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613163940/http://www.parliament.gov.fj/about/about.aspx?id=hleg |date=13 June 2011 }}
47. ^¹ Fiji adopted a new constitution on 25 July 1997 which came into force on 27 July 1998.  
48. ^Gagauzia declared independence on 19 August 1991. The Parliament of Moldova adopted an autonomy statute for Gagauzia on 23 December 1994.  
49. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/10/world/secession-decreed-by-soviet-georgia.html Georgia declared independence from the Soviet Union on 9 Apr 1991]
50. ^¹ The Republic of Georgia adopted a new constitution on 24 August 1995, changing its official name to just Georgia.  
51. ^West Germany and East Germany reunified on 3 October 1990. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gm.html]
52. ^16 States: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Berlin (from 3 October 1990), Brandenburg (from 3 October 1990), Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse, Lower Saxony, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (from 3 October 1990), North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland, Saxony (from 3 October 1990), Saxony-Anhalt (from 3 October 1990), Schleswig-Holstein, Thuringia (from 3 October 1990)
53. ^25 States: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal. 7 Union Territories: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Lakshadweep, National Capital Territory of Delhi, Pondicherry.
54. ^Ireland also had the legal description of "Republic of Ireland", although this was not its constitutional name.
55. ^Israel was not recognized by Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Chad, Cuba, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan (to 26 October 1994), Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, North Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, the United Arab Emirates, or Yemen.
56. ^[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html Kazakhstan declared independence from the Soviet Union on 16 Dec 1991]
57. ^North Korea was not recognized by Estonia, France, Japan, or South Korea.
58. ^South Korea was not recognized by the Soviet Union (to 1990), the People's Republic of China (to 1992), Romania (to 1990) or North Korea.
59. ^Iraq annexed Kuwait on 8 August 1990. [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/teach/gulfguide/gwtimeline.html] Following the Persian Gulf War, Kuwait was declared liberated on 27 February 1991. [https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/28/world/war-gulf-president-bush-halts-offensive-combat-kuwait-freed-iraqis-crushed.html]
60. ^[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kg.html Kyrgyzstan declared independence from the Soviet Union on 31 Aug 1991]
61. ^¹ Kyrgyzstan adopted a new constitution on 5 May 1993
62. ^[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lg.html Latvia declared independence from the Soviet Union on 21 Aug 1991]
63. ^Lithuania declared independence from the Soviet Union on 11 Mar 1990 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722140100/http://www.lfpr.lt/uploads/File/1999-4/Act.pdf |date=2011-07-22 }}
64. ^Provisionally referred to by the UN and a number of countries and international organizations as "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia", see Macedonia naming dispute.
65. ^[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mk.html Macedonia declared independence from Yugoslavia on 8 Sep 1991]
66. ^¹ Madagascar adopted a new constitution on 19 Aug 1992
67. ^13 States: Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Malacca, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Penang, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor, Terengganu. 2 Federal Territories: Kuala Lumpur, Labuan.
68. ^¹ Mauritius declared itself a Republic on 12 Mar 1992
69. ^31 States: Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatán, Zacatecas. 1 Federal District: Federal District
70. ^4 States: Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, Yap.
71. ^Mohéli declared independence from the Comoros on 11 Aug 1997
72. ^Moldova declared independence from the Soviet Union on 27 Aug 1991 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830060305/http://www.moldova.org/page/declaration-of-independence-of-the-republic-of-moldova-487-eng.html |date=2013-08-30 }}
73. ^¹ Mongolia adopted a new constitution on 12 Feb 1992
74. ^¹ Mozambique adopted a new constitution on 30 Nov 1990
75. ^Commonly known in English as "Burma".
76. ^The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic declared independence from Azerbaijan on 6 January 1992.  
77. ^Namibia gained independence from a South African League of Nations mandate on 21 March 1990. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wa.html]
78. ^36 States: Abia (from 27 August 1991), Adamawa (from 27 August 1991), Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa (from 1 October 1996), Bendel (to 27 August 1991), Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta (from 27 August 1991), Ebonyi (from 1 October 1996), Edo (from 27 August 1991), Ekiti (from 1 October 1996), Enugu (from 27 August 1991), Gombe (from 1 October 1996), Gongola (to 27 August 1991), Imo, Jigawa (from 27 August 1991), Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi (from 27 August 1991), Kogi (from 27 August 1991), Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa (from 1 October 1996), Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun (from 27 August 1991), Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba (from 27 August 1991), Yobe (from 27 August 1991), Zamfara (from 1 October 1996). 1 Federal Territory: Federal Capital Territory
79. ^Northern Cyprus was recognized only by Turkey.
80. ^4 Provinces: Balochistan, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, Sindh. 4 Territories: Azad Kashmir, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Islamabad Capital Territory, Northern Areas.
81. ^[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ps.html Palau's United Nations trusteeship ended on 1 Oct 1994]
82. ^See the following on statehood criteria*{{Citation|author=Mendes, Errol|title=Statehood and Palestine for the purposes of Article 12 (3) of the ICC Statute|url=http://uclalawforum.com/media/background/gaza/2010-03-30_Mendes-Memo.pdf|pages=28, 33|date=30 March 2010|publisher=30 March 2010|accessdate=2011-04-17|postscript=:}} "...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention..."; "...the fact that a majority of states have recognized Palestine as a State should easily fulfill the requisite state practice".*{{Citation|author=McKinney, Kathryn M.|title=The Legal Effects of the Israeli-PLO Declaration ofPrinciples: Steps Toward Statehood for Palestine|url=http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&context=sulr&sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22|journal=Seattle University Law Review|volume=18|issue=93|year=1994|page=97|publisher=Seattle University|accessdate=2011-04-17|postscript=:|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722063030/http://lawpublications.seattleu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1438&context=sulr&sei-redir=1#search=%22palestine+%22constitutive+theory%22+statehood%22|archivedate=2011-07-22|df=}} "It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory".*{{Citation|author=McDonald, Avril|title=Operation Cast Lead: Drawing the Battle Lines of the Legal Dispute|url=https://litigation-essentials.lexisnexis.com/webcd/app?action=DocumentDisplay&crawlid=1&doctype=cite&docid=16+Hum.+Rts.+Br.+25&srctype=smi&srcid=3B15&key=74ccae52ba220673512e7784449388f0|journal=Human Rights Brief|volume=25|date=Spring 2009|publisher=Washington College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law|accessdate=2011-04-17|postscript=:}} "Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state."
83. ^Puntland declared temporary independence from Somalia on 1 August 1998.   {{cite web |url=http://www.rangeresources.com.au/fileadmin/user_upload/Media_Releases/Puntland_state_of_Somalia_media_release__19.03.08_.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2012-07-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120710193317/http://www.rangeresources.com.au/fileadmin/user_upload/Media_Releases/Puntland_state_of_Somalia_media_release__19.03.08_.pdf |archivedate=2012-07-10 |df= }}
84. ^The Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence on 7 April 1992. (Source: {{cite news | title = The Decision on Proclamation of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina | agency = Tanjug | work = Večernje novosti | publisher = Novosti AD | location = Belgrade | issn = 0350-4999 | date = April 8, 1992 | language = Serbian}})
85. ^¹ The name Republika Srpska was adopted on 12 August 1992. (Source: {{cite journal | date = September 29, 1992 | title = The Amendments VII and VIII to the Constitution of the Republika Srpska | journal = Official Gazette of the Republika Srpska | volume = 1 | issue = 15 | pages = 569 | language = Serbian}})
86. ^21 Republics: Adygea, Altai, Bashkortostan, Buryatia, Chechnya, Chuvash Republic, Republic of Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, KalmykiaKarachay–Cherkessia, Karelia, Khakassia, Komi, Mari El, Mordovia, North Ossetia–Alania, Sakha, Tatarstan, Tuva, Udmurtia. 49 Oblasts: Amur, Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan, Belgorod, Bryansk, Chelyabinsk, Chita, Irkutsk, Ivanovo, Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kamchatka, Kemerovo, Kirov, Kostroma, Kurgan, Kursk, Leningrad, Lipetsk, Magadan, Moscow, Murmansk, Nizhny Novgorod, Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Orenburg, Oryol, Penza, Perm, Pskov, Rostov, Ryazan, Sakhalin, Samara, Saratov, Smolensk, Sverdlovsk, Tambov, Tomsk, Tula, Tver, Tyumen, Ulyanovsk, Vladimir, Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh, Yaroslavl. 6 Krais: Altai, Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Primorsky, Stavropol. 2 Federal Cities: Moscow, St. Petersburg. 1 Autonomous Oblast: Jewish Autonomous Oblast. 10 Autonomous Okrugs: Agin-Buryatia, Chukotka, Evenkia, Khanty–Mansi, Koryakia, Nenetsia, Permyakia, Taymyria, Ust-Orda Buryatia, Yamalia.
87. ^Rwanda's official French name was "République rwandaise". {{cite web |url=http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/Rwanda.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-08-27 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622050947/http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/Rwanda.pdf |archivedate=2007-06-22 |df= }}  . It could be translated into English as "Rwandese Republic" CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Rwanda, "Rwandan Republic"  , or "Republic of Rwanda"  .
88. ^2 Islands: Saint Kitts, Nevis.14 parishes: Christ Church Nichola Town (Saint Kitts), Saint Anne Sandy Point (Saint Kitts), Saint George Basseterre (Saint Kitts), Saint George Gingerland (Nevis), Saint James Windward (Nevis), Saint John Capesterre (Saint Kitts), Saint John Figtree (Nevis), Saint Mary Cayon (Saint Kitts), Saint Paul Capisterre (Saint Kitts), Saint Paul Charlestown (Nevis), Saint Peter Basseterre (Saint Kitts), Saint Thomas Lowland (Nevis), Saint Thomas Middle Island (Saint Kitts), Trinity Palmetto Point (Saint Kitts)
89. ^¹ Somalia was renamed after Siad Barre's overthrow on 26 January 1991 [https://www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_coverage/africa/somalia/keyplayers/warlords.html]
90. ^¹ President Ali Mahdi Muhammad of Somalia was ousted on 18 November 1991, although he continued to claim the title of President from exile. After this, there was no widely recognized central government in the country. [https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/20/world/clashes-go-on-in-somali-capital.html]
91. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.chr.up.ac.za/undp/domestic/docs/c_Somaliland.pdf |title=Somaliland declared independence from Somalia on 18 May 1991 |access-date=2010-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227110751/http://www.chr.up.ac.za/undp/domestic/docs/c_Somaliland.pdf |archive-date=2012-02-27 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
92. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.republicofsouthossetia.org/pages/who-we-are/key-dates.shtml |title=South Ossetia declared independence from Georgia on 29 May 1992 |access-date=2010-05-10 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20100314073828/http://www.republicofsouthossetia.org/pages/who-we-are/key-dates.shtml |archive-date=2010-03-14 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
93. ^¹ The Soviet Union officially ceased to exist on 26 December 1991 when the Supreme Soviet dissolved itself. The Russian Federation was recognized as its successor state. [https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-the-soviet-state-born-of-a-dream-dies.html] [https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-soviet-union-gorbachev-last-soviet-leader-resigns-us-recognizes-republics.html]
94. ^15 Republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Byelorussia, Estonia (to 6 September 1991), Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Latvia (to 6 September 1991), Lithuania (to 6 September 1991), Moldavia, Russian SFSR, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.
95. ^17 Autonomous Communities: Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Balearic Islands, Basque Country, Canary Islands, Cantabria, Castile-La Mancha, Castile and León, Catalonia, Extremadura, Galicia, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre, La Rioja, Valencian Community. 2 Autonomous Cities: Ceuta (from 14 March 1995), Melilla (from 14 March 1995).
96. ^30 States: Bahr el Ghazal (to 14 February 1994), Blue Nile, Central Equatoria (from 14 February 1994), Darfur (to 14 February 1994), Eastern Equatoria (from 14 February 1994), Equatoria (to 14 February 1994), Al Jazirah (from 14 February 1994), Jonglei (from 14 February 1994), Kassala, Khartoum, Kurdufan (to 14 February 1994), Lakes (from 14 February 1994), Northern Bahr el Ghazal (from 14 February 1994), North Darfur (from 14 February 1994), North Kurdufan (from 14 February 1994), Northern, Al Qadarif (from 14 February 1994), Red Sea (from 14 February 1994), River Nile (from 14 February 1994), Sennar (from 14 February 1994), South Darfur (from 14 February 1994), South Kurdufan (from 14 February 1994), Unity (from 14 February 1994), Upper Nile, Western Equatoria (from 14 February 1994), Western Bahr el Ghazal (from 14 February 1994), West Darfur (from 14 February 1994), West Kurdufan (from 14 February 1994), White Nile (from 14 February 1994), Warrap (from 14 February 1994).
97. ^26 Cantons: Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, Bern, Fribourg, Geneva, Glarus, Graubünden, Jura, Lucerne, Neuchâtel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, St. Gallen, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais, Vaud, Zug, Zürich
98. ^Since the implementation of the Act Governing Principles for Editing Geographical Educational Texts (地理教科書編審原則) in 1997, the guiding principle for all maps in geographical textbooks was that Taipei was to be marked as the capital with a label stating: “Location of Central Government”
99. ^[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ti.html Tajikstan declared independence from the Soviet Union on]
100. ^Transkei ceased to exist on 27 April 1994, when South Africa's interim constitution took effect. [https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/23/world/a-2d-homeland-is-taken-over-by-south-africa.html]
101. ^Transnistria had declared its independence from Modolva (but within the Soviet Union) on 2 September 1990. The Soviet Union did not recognize that declaration, leading to Transnistria's full declaration of independence on 25 August 1991. {{cite web |url=http://www1.american.edu/ted/ice/moldova.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-07-15 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715070052/http://www1.american.edu/ted/ice/moldova.htm |archivedate=2010-07-15 |df= }}
102. ^Turkmenistan declared independence from the Soviet Union on 27 October 1991. [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tx.html]
103. ^[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/up.html Ukraine declared independence from the Soviet Union on 24 Aug 1991]
104. ^7 Emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Qaiwain.
105. ^50 States: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming. 1 Federal District: District of Columbia. 1 Incorporated Territory: Palmyra Atoll.
106. ^These islands were sometimes designated for statistical purposes as the United States Minor Outlying Islands
107. ^Venda ceased to exist on 27 April 1994, when South Africa's interim constitution took effect. [https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/23/world/a-2d-homeland-is-taken-over-by-south-africa.html]
108. ^¹ Venezuela's new constitution came into force on 20 Dec 1999 {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/617BFg7Uk?url=http://www.analitica.com/bitblioteca/venezuela/constitucion_ingles.pdf |date=2011-08-21 }}
109. ^23 States: Amazonas (from 23 July 1992), Anzoátegui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro (from 8 March 1991), Falcón, Guárico, Lara, Mérida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Táchira, Trujillo, Vargas (from 31 December 1998), Yaracuy, Zulia. 3 Territories: Amazonas (to 23 July 1992), Delta Amacuro (to 8 March 1991), Vargas (from 22 April 1998 to 31 December 1998). 1 Federal District: Federal District (renamed Capital District on 20 December 1999). 1 Federal Dependency: Federal Dependencies.
110. ^The Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia declared itself an independent Republic on 26 July 1995. It was conquered by Bosnia and Herzegovina on 7 August 1995. (Source: {{cite book |title= The break-up of Yugoslavia and international law |last=Radan |first=Peter |year=2002 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-25352-9 |page=192}})
111. ^¹ Western Samoa's constitution was amended on 4 July 1997 to change the name of the country to Samoa  
112. ^^1 2 [https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/23/world/2-yemens-become-one-and-celebrate.html North Yemen and South Yemen unified on 22 May 1990]
113. ^The former South Yemen declared independence on 21 May 1994. [https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/23/world/secessionists-in-southern-yemen-name-heads-of-new-government.html]. Aden fell to Northern Yemeni forces on 7 July 1994. [https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/08/world/yemen-claims-victory-in-civil-war-after-seizing-rebel-city.html]
114. ^¹ [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/28/world/confirming-split-last-2-republics-proclaim-a-small-new-yugoslavia.html The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was created on 27 Apr 1992]
115. ^¹ Laurent-Désiré Kabila took power on 17 May 1997 and renamed Zaire the Democratic Republic of the Congo.  
116. ^{{Citation | last = Rogan-Finnemore | first = Michelle | year = 2005 | contribution = What Bioprospecting Means for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean | editor-last = Von Tigerstrom | editor-first = Barbara | title = International Law Issues in the South Pacific | publisher = Ashgate Publishing | page = 204 | isbn = 0-7546-4419-7}} "Australia, New Zealand, France, Norway and the United Kingdom reciprocally recognize the validity of each other's claims."
117. ^[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ay.html CIA – the World Factbook – Antarctica] – accessed 19 January 2008
118. ^Bilateral relations with countries {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151203180316/http://www.orderofmalta.int/diplomatic-relations/862/sovereign-order-of-malta-bilateral-relations/?lang=en |date=2015-12-03 }}, Retrieved 2011-12-22
119. ^{{cite book | last = Chapter General of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Constitutional Charter and Code of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta, promulgated 27 June 1961, revised by the Extraordinary Chapter General 28–30 April 1997, Article 3 "Sovereignty," Paragraph 1. | publisher = Tipografia Arte della Stampa | date = 1998-01-12 | location = Rome | pages = 11 | url = http://www.orderofmalta.int/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/order-of-malta-constitution.pdf }}