| 词条 | Lakshmana | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| type = Hindu | image = File:Rama in forest.jpg | caption = Lakshmana (far right) along with Rama and Sita | name = Lakshmana | Devanagari = लक्ष्मण | Sanskrit_transliteration = Lakṣmaṇa | dynasty = Raghuvamsa | father = Dasharatha | mother = Sumitra | consort = Urmila | children = Angada Chandraketu | affiliation = Avatar of Shesha, Vaishnavism | siblings=Rama, Shatrughna, Bharata, Shanta (half-sister) }} Lakshmana ({{lang-sa|लक्ष्मण}}, IAST: lakṣmaṇa, lit. he who has the signs of fortune), also spelled as Laxman or Lakhan, is the younger brother of Rama and his aide in the Hindu epic, the Ramayana. He is also known by other names- Saumitra ({{lang-sa|सौमित्र}}, IAST: saumitra, lit. son of Sumitra), Ramanuja ({{lang-sa|रामानुज}}, IAST: rāmānuja, lit. younger brother of Rama) and Bharatanuja ({{lang-sa|भरतानुज}}, IAST: bharatānuja, lit. younger brother of Bharata) or Laxman. Lakshmana is the twin brother of Shatrughna. According to the Valmiki Ramayana, Lakshmana is one quarter (25%) component of the manifestation of Lord Vishnu and is considered to be an avatar of Vishnu.[1] However some puranas of later times regard him as the avatar of Shesha, the thousand-headed serpent associated with Lord Vishnu, the supreme deity in Hinduism. Birth and marriageLakshmana and his brother Shatrughna were born in Ayodhya to Sumitra and King Dasharatha. In the Puranas, Lakshmana is described as an incarnation of Sesha, the multiple-headed nāga upon whom rests Lord Vishnu in the primordial ocean of milk (Kshirasagara). When sage Vishwamitra takes Rama for killing the demons, Lakshmana accompanies them and goes to Mithila with them. Lakshmana is specially attached to Rama and when Rama marries Sita, Lakshmana marries Sita's younger sister Urmila. They had two sons—Angad and Chandraketu. Later, when Rama is exiled for fourteen years on the insistence of Kaikeyi, Lakshmana leaves his wife Urmila and joins Rama. Rama's exileHe serves Rama and Sita reverently during the exile. In Panchvati, Lakshmana also builds a hut for Rama and Sita to live in. Lakshmana cuts off Ravana's sister Surpanakha's nose in anger when she tries to seduce Rama and insults Sita. He plays an important role in the war with Ravana and slays Ravana's son Indrajit. When Sita asks Rama to fetch a magical golden deer for her, Rama asks Lakshmana to stand guard as he sensed danger and evil. The golden deer is in fact the demon Maricha, who distracts Rama. When Rama kills Maricha, he cries out in Rama's own voice for help. Although Lakshmana knows that Rama is invincible and beyond any danger, Sita panics and frantically orders Lakshmana to go to Rama's aid immediately. Unable to disobey Sita, Lakshmana draws a perimeter line (Lakshmana Rekha or Lakshmana's line), which Sita must not cross and goes in search of Rama. Sita however, out of compulsion of religious duty and compassion for Ravana disguised as a poor brahmin crosses the line to give him alms following which she is abducted. Lakshmana Rekha has become a metaphor in situations where a certain limit must not be transgressed by human beings in any circumstance whatsoever. During the war between Rama and Ravana, he killed Indrajit and Atikaya, who were the sons of Ravana. Before he killed Indrajit, Lakhshmana and Rama were twice defeated by Indrajit and in both occasions Hanuman's intervention saved them from certain death.[2] After the war, when Rama asked Sita to give test of her purity, Lakshmana for the first time got angry on Rama and opposed him. After exileAfter the war in Lanka, Rama was crowned king of Ayodhya and Bharata became the crown prince. Rama had offered to make Lakshmana the crown prince but he refused, saying Bharata is greater than he, and more deserving of the title. Lakshmana is the one who leaves Sita in the forests near sage Valmiki's ashram after Rama banishes her from the kingdom. Lakshmana remains loyal to his brother and fights against Rama's sons Lava and Kusha later. Abandonment of lifeSage Durvasa appears at Rama's doorstep and seeing Lakshmana guarding the door, demands an audience with Rama. At the time, Rama was having a private conversation with Yama. Before the conversation began, Yama gave Rama strict instructions that their dialogue was to remain confidential, and anyone who entered the room was to be relieved of their life. Rama agreed and entrusted Lakshmana with the duty of guarding his door. When Durvasa made his demand, Lakshmana politely refused. The sage grew angry and threatened to curse all of Ayodhya if Lakshmana did not immediately inform Rama of his arrival. Lakshmana, in a dilemma, decided it would be better that he alone die to save all of Ayodhya from falling under Durvasa's curse and so interrupted Rama's meeting to inform him of the sage's arrival. Rama quickly concluded his meeting with Yama and received the sage with due courtesy. In order to fulfil his brother's promise, Lakshmana went to the banks of the river Saryu resolved on giving up the world through penance. LegacyLakshmana is personified by Rama as a man with unwavering loyalty, love and commitment to his elder brother through times of joy and adversity alike. Bandhavgarh Fort at Madhya Pradesh (bandhav as brother, garh as fort) is said to be given by Lord Rama to his brother Lakshmana to keep a watch on Lanka. DescendantsThe community members of an imperial dynasty Gurjara-Pratihara claimed that they were called Pratihara as their ancestor Lakshmana served as a door-keeper to his elder brother Rama. They ruled much of Northern India from the mid 7th to the 11th century. Jain version{{main|Rama in Jainism|Śalākāpuruṣa}}According to Jain Ramayana it was Laxmana who killed Ravana, not Rama. TV serial depictions
See also
Notes1. ^{{cite web|url=http://valmikiramayan.net/utf8/baala/sarga16/bala_16_frame.htm|title=Valmiki Ramayana - Baala Kanda - Sarga 16|first=Desiraju Hanumanta|last=Rao|website=valmikiramayan.net}} 2. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=4Wzg6wFJ5xwC |ref=harv | title=Ramayana | publisher=University of California Press | author=B. A van Nooten William | year=2000 | isbn=978-0-520-22703-3}} External links
4 : Characters in the Ramayana|Hindu gods|Raghuvamsa|Salakapurusa |
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