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词条 Lamar Hunt
释义

  1. Biography

     Early life  Founding of the American Football League  Ownership and NFL merger  Coinage of the term "Super Bowl"  The NASL: ownership and battles with the NFL  Other sports  Basketball  Tennis  Hockey 

  2. Business ventures outside sports

     Amusement parks and caves  Silver speculation 

  3. Personal life

  4. Death and succession

  5. Honors

     Hall of Fame inductions  Competition and trophy namings  Statuary  Recognition on team uniforms and accessories  Recognition by secondary schools  Other commemorations 

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2019}}{{Infobox NFL biography
| name = Lamar Hunt
| image = Lamar Hunt.jpg
| image_size = 220
| alt = Posed head-shot photograph of Hunt wearing large metal-framed eyeglasses and smiling
| caption = Hunt c. 1990
| position = Owner
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1932|8|2|mf=y}}
| birth_place = El Dorado, Arkansas
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2006|12|13|1932|8|2|mf=y}}
| death_place = Dallas, Texas
| high_school = Pottstown (PA) The Hill
| college = SMU
| pastexecutive =
  • Dallas Texans / Kansas City Chiefs ({{NFL Year|1959}}–{{NFL Year|2006}})
    Owner
  • Dallas Tornado (1967–1981)
    Owner
  • Columbus Crew (1994–2006)
    Owner
  • Kansas City Wizards (1995–2006)
    Owner
  • FC Dallas (2003–2006)
    Owner

| highlights =
  • Super Bowl champion (IV)
  • Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee (1972)
  • National Soccer Hall of Fame inductee (1982)
  • Soccer Hall of Fame Medal of Honor (1999)
  • Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup named for him
  • Lamar Hunt Trophy named for him

| HO = lamar-hunt
}}

Lamar Hunt (August 2, 1932 – December 13, 2006) was an American businessman notable for his promotion of American football, soccer, basketball, tennis and ice hockey in the United States and for his efforts in conjunction with his brothers, William Herbert Hunt and Nelson Bunker Hunt, to corner the silver market in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

He was the principal founder of the American Football League (AFL) and Major League Soccer (MLS), as well as MLS's predecessor, the North American Soccer League (NASL), and co-founder of World Championship Tennis. He was also the founder and owner of the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL), the Kansas City Wizards of MLS, and at the time of his death owned two other MLS teams, Columbus Crew and FC Dallas. In Kansas City, Hunt also helped establish the Worlds of Fun and Oceans of Fun theme parks.

The oldest ongoing national soccer tournament in the United States, the U.S. Open Cup (founded 1914), now bears his name in honor of his pioneering role in that sport stateside. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1972; into the National Soccer Hall of Fame in 1982; and into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1993. The National Soccer Hall of Fame bestowed upon Hunt their Medal of Honor in 1999, an award given to only three recipients in history thus far. He was married for 42 years to his second wife Norma, and had four children, Sharron, Lamar Jr., Daniel, and Clark Hunt.

Biography

Early life

Hunt was born in El Dorado, Arkansas, the son of oil tycoon H. L. Hunt and younger brother of tycoons Nelson Bunker Hunt and William Herbert Hunt. Lamar was raised in Dallas, Texas. He attended Culver Military Academy and graduated from The Hill School in Pennsylvania in 1951 and Southern Methodist University in Dallas in 1956, with a B.S. degree in geology. Hunt was a college football player who rode the bench but was still an avid sports enthusiast during his time in college and throughout his entire childhood. While attending SMU in 1952, Hunt joined the Kappa Sigma fraternity. In 1972, he was selected as Kappa Sigma's Man of the Year.[1]

Founding of the American Football League

On the strength of his great inherited oil wealth, Hunt applied for a National Football League expansion franchise but was turned down. In 1959, professional football was a distant second to Major League Baseball in popularity, and the thinking among NFL executives was that the league must be careful not to "oversaturate" the market by expanding too quickly.[2] Hunt also attempted to purchase the NFL's Chicago Cardinals franchise in 1959 with the intent to move them to Dallas, but was again turned down.[3]

In response, Hunt approached several other businessmen who had also unsuccessfully sought NFL franchises, including fellow Texan and oil man K. S. "Bud" Adams of Houston, about forming a new football league, and the American Football League was established in August 1959.[4] The group of the eight founders of the AFL teams was referred to as the "Foolish Club." Hunt's goal was to bring professional football to Texas and to acquire an NFL team for the Hunt family. Hunt became owner of the Dallas Texans and hired future hall-of-famer Hank Stram as the team's first head coach.

Ownership and NFL merger

{{Peacock|date=January 2009}}

As a response to the newly formed league and the presence of an AFL franchise in Dallas, the NFL quickly placed a new franchise of their own in Dallas, the Dallas Cowboys. As a result, the Dallas Texans, despite being one of the more successful AFL teams in the league's early days, failed to draw fans in large numbers, as the Texans had to compete with the Dallas Cowboys for fans. In one popular, though probably apocryphal, story, a reporter informed Hunt's father that the Texans had lost $1 million in their first season. In response, H.L. Hunt supposedly said, "At that rate, he can only last another 100 years." Lamar himself later said that the numbers mentioned in the story were "overly flattering." In 1963 Hunt began to consider moving the team. Kansas City became one of the contending cities for the franchise. In order to convince Hunt to move the team to Kansas City, mayor H. Roe Bartle promised Hunt home attendance of 25,000 people per game.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}} Hunt finally agreed to move the team to Kansas City, and in 1963 the Dallas Texans became the Kansas City Chiefs.

In the Chiefs' first two seasons attendance did not match the levels Mayor Bartle had promised, but in 1966 average home attendance at Chiefs games increased and reached 37,000. By 1969 Chiefs' average home attendance had reached 51,000. In 1966 the Chiefs won their first AFL Championship (after having previously won it as the Dallas Texans) and reached the first ever Super Bowl, which the Chiefs lost to the Green Bay Packers. The Chiefs remained successful through the 1960s, and in 1970 the Chiefs won the AFL Championship and Super Bowl IV (the last Super Bowl played when the AFL was a separate league prior to it being absorbed into the NFL as the American Football Conference) over the heavily favored Minnesota Vikings.

Hunt insisted that he be listed in the team media guide as the founder of the Chiefs rather than the owner. He publicly listed his telephone number in the phone book until his death.[5]

Coinage of the term "Super Bowl"

In 1966, the NFL and AFL agreed to merge, with a championship game between the two leagues to be played after that season. In a July 25, 1966, letter to NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle, Hunt wrote, "I have kiddingly called it the 'Super Bowl,' which obviously can be improved upon." Hunt would later say the name was likely in his head because his children had been playing with a Super Ball toy. Although the leagues' owners decided on the name "AFL-NFL Championship Game", the media immediately picked up on Hunt's "Super Bowl" name, which would become official beginning with the third annual game, which was won by the AFL's New York Jets over the NFL's Baltimore Colts.[6]

The NASL: ownership and battles with the NFL

In 1967 Hunt helped promote professional soccer in the United States. Hunt's interest in soccer began in 1962 when he accompanied his future wife, Norma, to a Shamrock Rovers game in Dublin, Ireland.[7] In 1966, he viewed the FIFA World Cup in England, and then attended nine of the next 11 World Cup tournaments.

In 1967, Hunt founded the Dallas Tornado as members of the United Soccer Association. In 1968 the league merged with the National Professional Soccer League to form the North American Soccer League. Hunt was an active advocate for the sport and the league and the Dallas Tornado won the NASL championship in 1971 and were runners-up 1973.

The NFL owners were not happy with Hunt's ownership in and promotion of pro soccer.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}} The NFL attempted to force legal requirements that would disallow team ownership in more than one sport for owners of NFL franchises. This strategy backfired on the NFL, and the NASL won an anti-trust case against the NFL. A primary benefactor of this outcome was Lamar Hunt.[8]

In 1981, after 15 seasons and losses in the millions, Hunt and his Dallas Tornado partner Bill McNutt decided to merge their team with the Tampa Bay Rowdies franchise, while retaining a minority stake in the Florida club. Two years later, along with Rowdies principal George Strawbrige, they sold the Rowdies to local investors. The move effectively ended Hunt's ties to the NASL a year before the league itself finally collapsed.[9][10]

===Major League Soccer===

Hunt returned to soccer as one of the original founding investors of Major League Soccer, which debuted in 1996. He originally owned two teams: the Columbus Crew and the Kansas City Wizards (now Sporting Kansas City). In 1999, Hunt financed the construction of the venue now known as Mapfre Stadium, the second, and first since 1913, of several large soccer-specific stadiums in the USA. In 2003, Hunt purchased a third team, the Dallas Burn (now FC Dallas), after announcing that he would partially finance the construction of their own soccer-specific stadium. On August 31, 2006, Hunt sold the Wizards to a six-man ownership group led by Cerner Corporation co-founders Neal Patterson and Cliff Illig.

Other sports

Basketball

Hunt was one of the founding investors of the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association. He remained a minority owner until his death.

Tennis

In 1968, Hunt co-founded the World Championship Tennis circuit, which gave birth to the Open Era of tennis. He was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1993.[11]

Hockey

Hunt and John H. McConnell formed Columbus Hockey Limited, L.L.C. (CHL) in an effort to obtain a National Hockey League franchise for Columbus, Ohio. Following disagreements over the financing for an arena, McConnell accepted an offer to lease a new arena from Nationwide Insurance Enterprise. McConnell froze out CHL and Hunt and was awarded the NHL Columbus Blue Jackets franchise. See McConnell v. Hunt Sports Enterprises, 132 Ohio App.3d 657, 725 N.E.2d 1193 (1999), a lawsuit that Lamar Hunt lost and granted McConnell sole ownership of the Columbus Blue Jackets.

Business ventures outside sports

Amusement parks and caves

Hunt was the founder of two theme parks in Kansas City: Worlds of Fun and Oceans of Fun, which opened in 1973 and 1982 respectively. The two parks were an outgrowth and adjoined a vast industrial park he developed in the bluffs above the Missouri River in Clay County, Missouri.

Immediately south of the Hunt-founded parks is the Hunt-developed SubTropolis, a 55,000,000 square foot (5,060,000 m2), {{convert|1100|acre|km2|adj=on}} manmade limestone cave which is claimed to be the World's Largest Underground Business Complex (TM). Hunt's extensive business dealings in Clay County were to contribute to the Chiefs having their NFL Training Camp at William Jewell College in Liberty, Missouri until 1991.

Silver speculation

During the 1970s and early 1980s, Hunt and his brothers Nelson Bunker Hunt and William Herbert Hunt attempted to corner the silver market. They began buying silver in the early 1970s. By the end of 1979 their ownership of one-third of the silver market{{which|reason=United States or world?|date=November 2018}} caused the price to rise from $11 an ounce in September 1979 to $50 an ounce in January 1980. In the last nine months of 1979, the brothers profited by an estimated $2 billion to $4 billion. However, on March 27, 1980, subsequently referred to within the precious-metals industry as Silver Thursday, the price collapsed. In September 1988, the Hunt brothers filed for bankruptcy under United States Bankruptcy Code Chapter 11.

Personal life

Lamar Hunt had two brothers, Nelson Bunker and William Herbert. His half-sister Swanee Hunt was Ambassador to Austria. He was married twice. His first marriage to Rosemary Carr, ended in a divorce. He had two children from his first marriage. He remarried later to Norma Lynn Knobel, who he was married to until his death. He had three sons, Clark, Lamar Jr., and Daniel, as well as one daughter, Sharron Hunt.[12]

Death and succession

Lamar Hunt died December 13, 2006, at Presbyterian Hospital in Dallas of complications related to prostate cancer. Upon his death, Cowboys owner Jerry Jones called Hunt "a founder of the NFL as we know it today," adding "He's been an inspiration for me."[13] Said Dan Rooney, chairman of the Pittsburgh Steelers: "Lamar Hunt was one of the most influential owners in professional football over the past 40-plus years, He was instrumental in the formation of the American Football League and in the AFL-NFL merger, which helped the National Football League grow into America's passion." The Mayor of Kansas City, Missouri, Kay Waldo Barnes, requested that all city flags fly at half-staff the following Thursday and Friday after Hunt's death.

Upon Hunt's death, his son Clark was named chairman of the Kansas City Chiefs and FC Dallas, having been elected by Hunt's other children, Lamar Hunt Jr., Sharron Munson, and Daniel Hunt. Though Hunt's wife and children share legal ownership of the Chiefs, Clark represents the team at all league owner meetings and handles the day-to-day responsibilities of the team.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

Honors

Hall of Fame inductions

  • In 1972, Hunt became the first person associated with the American Football League inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
  • In 1984, Hunt was inducted into the Texas Sports Hall of Fame.
  • For his efforts in building the sport of soccer in the United States in the modern era, Hunt was inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame in 1992 and was in 1999 awarded its Medal of Honor in 1999, so far given out only 3 times in the Hall's history.
  • On February 20, 2008, Hunt was inducted into the Hall of Famous Missourians in the Missouri state Capitol.
  • On August 1, 2014, Hunt was inducted into Sporting Kansas City's "Sporting Legends" hall of fame.

Competition and trophy namings

  • In 1999, the United States Soccer Federation changed the name of its oldest competition, the U.S. Open Cup (established 1914), to the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup.
  • On March 11, 2007, the inaugural Lamar Hunt Pioneer Cup match was held at Pizza Hut Park between Hunt's MLS teams, the Columbus Crew and FC Dallas.
  • Since the 2007 return of the Border Showdown football game to Kansas City, its winner has received a trophy named for Hunt.
  • The trophy presented to each year's AFC Champions is named the Lamar Hunt Trophy.

Statuary

  • On July 30, 2010, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell and Hunt's children dedicated a bronze statue in his memory at Arrowhead Stadium.
  • On August 5, 2010 Hunt was recognized by F.C. Dallas with a statue in his memory at Pizza Hut Park (now "Toyota Stadium")
  • On August 28, 2010 Hunt was recognized by the Columbus Crew with a statue in his memory at Columbus Crew Stadium. The nearly {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=on}}-high statue is the same design as those at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, where the Hunts own the Kansas City Chiefs franchise, and at FC Dallas's home, Pizza Hut Park in Frisco, Texas. The 4-foot base is different on each, with inscriptions suited to the location.

Recognition on team uniforms and accessories

  • From the Kansas City Chiefs' December 17, 2006, game against the San Diego Chargers through the end of the 2006-2007 NFL season, the Chiefs wore an emblem with the initials "LH" on the back of their helmets.
  • In 2007, the Chiefs wore a patch featuring the American Football League logo that also had Hunt's initials on it. The following season, the patch was made a permanent part of the Chiefs uniform.
  • For the 2007 season, Major League Soccer players wore a small patch on their arm with the initials LH as a memorial to Hunt and his contribution to soccer in the United States. Hunt Sports Group teams the Columbus Crew and FC Dallas continue to wear these patches in his honor, with FC Dallas also wearing the LH emblem on the back of their jerseys. In addition, many Crew and Dallas fan accessories such as scarves and banners now feature the LH emblem.
  • After the Columbus Crew won the MLS Cup championship in 2008, the "LH" emblem was inscribed on the inside of the team's championship rings.

Recognition by secondary schools

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20130520132305/http://www.friscoisd.org/ly/schools/hunt/namesake.htm Hunt Middle School] in Frisco, Texas, part of the Frisco Independent School District, was named after Hunt and his wife.
  • The stadium at St. Mark's School of Texas was named after Hunt.

Other commemorations

  • For his service to Dallas, Texas, Hunt was honored during halftime of the 2005 NFL season's game between the Dallas Cowboys and the Kansas City Chiefs.

See also

  • Other American Football League players, coaches and contributors
  • Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup

References

1. ^{{cite journal|title=Kappa Sigma Mourns Loss of Brother Lamar Hunt, Sports Industry Legend|journal=The Caduceus of Kappa Sigma|date=November 2006|issue=Winter 2006–2007|page=22|url=http://www.kappasigma.org/pdf/Caduceus_Winter_2006-2007.pdf|accessdate=June 18, 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007033103/http://www.kappasigma.org/pdf/Caduceus_Winter_2006-2007.pdf|archivedate=October 7, 2008|df=}}
2. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/latestnews/stories/121406dnmethuntobit.90f04cf.html|date=December 13, 2006|publisher=Dallas Morning News|title=Hunt remembered for energy, integrity|accessdate=December 14, 2006|first=Brad|last= Townsend}}
3. ^{{cite book|first=John A. |last=Drobnicki|title=Hunt, Lamar|work=The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives| volume= VIII: 2006–2008|publisher=Scribner's|year= 2010|page= 228}}.
4. ^Drobnicki, pp. 228-229
5. ^Drobnicki, p. 230
6. ^MacCambridge, Michael. America's Game. New York: Random House, 2004, p. 237.
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/columns/story?id=394199&root=us&cc=5739 |title=Hunt a quiet pioneer of U.S. soccer – ESPN FC|publisher=soccernet.espn.go.com|accessdate=December 12, 2014}}
8. ^{{cite news|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/columns/story?id=394199&root=us25&cc=5901|date=December 13, 2006|publisher=ESPN|title=Hunt a quiet pioneer of U.S. soccer|accessdate=December 14, 2006|first=Frank|last= Dell'apa}}
9. ^{{cite book | last=MacCambridge | first=Michael | date=2012 | title=Lamar Hunt: A Life in Sports | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9jI5GTaAjZMC&dq=rowdies+tornado+merge&source=gbs_navlinks_s|location= | publisher=Andrews McMeel Publishing | page=262 | isbn=9781449423391 | accessdate=November 25, 2014}}
10. ^{{cite news | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1346&dat=19830914&id=YqpNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=o_sDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6683,4875862 | title=Rowdies sold to Bay area investors | first=Randy | last=Miranda | date=September 14, 1983 | work=The Ledger | location=Lakeland, Florida | via=Google News Archive Search | publisher=news.google.com | accessdate=December 12, 2014}}
11. ^{{cite news|title=Hunt to Enter Another Hall|url=http://www.itftennis.com/procircuit/tournaments/men's-tournament/info.aspx?tournamentid=1010002317|accessdate=September 20, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 10, 1993}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Lamar Hunt, a Force in Football, Dies at 74|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/15/sports/football/15hunt.html|website=NYTimes.com}}
13. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.wfaa.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/stories/121406dnmethuntobit.90f04cf.html | date=December 13, 2006 | accessdate=December 14, 2006 | first1=Joe|last1= Simnacher |first2=Brad |last2= Townsend | title=Sports innovator Lamar Hunt dies | publisher=WFAA |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061229024845/http://www.wfaa.com/sharedcontent/dws/news/localnews/stories/121406dnmethuntobit.90f04cf.html |archivedate = December 29, 2006}}

External links

  • Pro Football Hall of Fame profile
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20100813181444/http://www.tennisfame.com/hall-of-famers/lamar-hunt International Tennis Hall of Fame profile]
{{Foolish Club}}{{Kansas City Chiefs}}{{Kansas City Chiefs owner navbox}}{{Kansas City Chiefs Hall of Fame}}{{1972 Football HOF}}{{Pro Football Hall of Fame members}}{{National Soccer Hall of Fame members}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hunt, Lamar}}

32 : 1932 births|2006 deaths|American Football League owners|American football tight ends|American soccer chairmen and investors|Chairmen and investors of soccer clubs in the United States|Chicago Bulls executives|Chicago Bulls owners|Columbus Crew SC|FC Dallas|Hunt family|Kansas City Chiefs owners|Sporting Kansas City|Major League Soccer executives|SMU Mustangs football players|American Football League champions|International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees|National Soccer Hall of Fame members|North American Soccer League (1968–84) executives|Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees|Members of the Foolish Club|People from El Dorado, Arkansas|Sportspeople from Dallas|Deaths from cancer in Texas|Deaths from prostate cancer|Southern Methodist University alumni|Tampa Bay Rowdies executives|Tampa Bay Rowdies|World Championship Tennis|American company founders|Amusement park developers|The Hill School alumni
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