“Lamborghini Murciélago”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Lamborghini Murciélago is a sports car produced by Italian automotive manufacturer Lamborghini between 2001^[7] and 2010. Successor to the Diablo and flagship of the automaker's lineup, the Murciélago was introduced as a coupé in 2001. The car was first available in North America for the 2002 model year. The manufacturer's first new design in eleven years, the car was also the brand's first new model under the ownership of German parent company Audi, which is owned by Volkswagen. The Murciélago is designed by Peruvian-born Belgian Luc Donckerwolke, Lamborghini's head of design from 1998 to 2005.^[8]

A roadster variant was introduced in 2004, followed by the more powerful and updated LP 640 coupé and roadster and a limited edition LP 650–4 Roadster. The final variation to wear the Murciélago nameplate was the LP 670–4 SuperVeloce, powered by the largest and final evolution of the original Lamborghini V12 engine. Production of the Murciélago ended on 5 November 2010, with a total production run of 4,099 cars.^[1] Its successor, the Aventador, was unveiled at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show.^[9]

Name

In a continuation of Lamborghini's tradition of naming its cars after stars from the world of bullfighting, the Murciélago is named after a fighting bull that survived 24 sword strokes in an 1879 fight against Rafael "El Lagartijo" Molina Sánchez, at the Coso de los califas bullring in Córdoba, Spain. Murciélago fought with such passion and spirit that the matador chose to spare its life, a rare honor. The bull, which came from Joaquin del Val di Navarra's farm, was later presented as a gift to Don Antonio Miura, a noted local breeder; thus began the famed Miura line of fighting bulls, and the name for one of Lamborghini's greatest designs.

Murciélago is the Spanish name for the bat. In the Castilian Spanish spoken in most of Spain the word is pronounced {{IPA-es|muɾˈθjelaɣo|}}, with a voiceless dental fricative {{IPA-all|θ|}} (as in English thing). However, the Italian automaker often uses the Southern Spanish and Latin American Spanish pronunciation, {{IPA-es|muɾˈsjelaɣo|}}, with an {{IPA-all|s|}} sound. {{citation needed span|Many people in Italy pronounce it {{IPA-it|murˈtʃeːlaɡo|}}, as if it were an Italian word.|date=July 2018}}

Variants

Murciélago (2001–2006)

The Murciélago is an all-wheel drive, mid-engined sports car. With an angular design and an exceptionally low slung body, the highest point of the roof is just under {{convert|4|ft}} above the ground. One of the vehicle's most distinguishing features are its scissor doors which lend to the extreme image. The First-generation of the Murciélago was produced between 2001 and 2006 and was powered by a Lamborghini V12 that traces its roots back to the company's beginnings in the 1960s. The rear differential is integrated with the engine itself, with a viscous coupling centre differential transferring power to the front wheels. The total power distribution is 70 percent at the rear and 30 percent at the front. Power is delivered through a 6-speed manual transmission. The suspension utilised in the car uses an independent double-wishbone design, and the bodywork mostly features carbon fibre except for the steel roof and aluminium scissor doors. The car utilised an aluminium spaceframe chassis in order to keep the car light weight. The active rear wing and the active air intakes integrated into the car's shoulders are electromechanically controlled, deploying automatically only at high speeds in an effort to maximize both aerodynamic and cooling efficiency. The interior was also more comfortable and ergonomic than its predecessor sporting a simple and clean look with all the major controls along with the gearshift knob integrated into the central tunnel.

The first generation cars were known simply as Murciélago, sometimes Murciélago VT. The {{cvt|6192|cc|L cuin|1|abbr=on}} naturally aspirated V12 engine installed in the first generation cars generated a maximum power output of {{cvt|580|PS|hp kW|0|abbr=on}} at 7,500 rpm and {{cvt|650|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 5,400 rpm,^[10] accelerating the car from a stand still to {{convert|100|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} in 3.8 seconds and on to a top speed of {{cvt|205|mph|kph|0|abbr=on|order=flip}}^[11] Subsequent versions incorporated an alphanumeric designation to the name Murciélago, which indicated their engine orientation and output. However, the original Murciélago is never referred to as "LP 580".

Murciélago Roadster (2004–2006)

The Murciélago Roadster was introduced in 2004. Primarily designed to be an open top car, it employed a manually attached soft roof as a cover from adverse weather, but a warning on the windshield header advised the driver not to exceed {{convert|100|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} with the roof in place. The roof which was made of fabric could be folded and fit into a leather bag supplied with the car in order to store it in the front compartment when not in use. The designer, Luc Donckerwolke used the B-2 stealth bomber, the Wally 118 WallyPower yacht, and architect Santiago Calatrava's Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències in Valencia, Spain as his inspiration for the roadster's revised rear pillars and engine cover. The roadster weighs {{cvt|65|lb|kg|0|abbr=on|order=flip}} more than the coupé due to the loss of the roof and the addition of chassis reinforcing components. The roadster could accelerate from {{cvt|0-97|kph|mph|0|abbr=on}} in 3.8 seconds which is more than the coupé owing to the increased weight while the top speed remained the same as the coupé.^[8]

Murciélago LP 640 (2006–2010)

In March 2006, Lamborghini unveiled an updated version of its halo car at the Geneva Motor Show: the Murciélago LP 640. The new title incorporated the car's name, along with an alphanumeric designation which indicated the engine's orientation (Longitudinale Posteriore), along with the updated power output. With displacement now increased to 6.5 litres, the engine produced {{convert|640|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 8,000 rpm. The exterior received a noticeable facelift, featuring revised front and rear fascias, and asymmetrical side air intakes, with the left side intake feeding an oil cooler. A new single outlet exhaust system incorporated into the rear diffuser, modified suspension system, revised programming and upgraded clutch for the 6-speed "e-Gear" automated sequential transmission with launch control rounded out the performance modifications. Interior seating was also re-configured in order to provide greater headroom, and a new stereo system formed part of the updated dashboard. Optional equipment included Carbon fibre-reinforced Silicon Carbide (C/SiC) ceramic composite brakes, chrome paddle shifters and a glass engine cover. The car's estimated fuel economy for the 6-speed manual variant is {{convert|8|mpgu.s.}} in the city and {{convert|13|mpgu.s.}} on the highway, making it the least efficient car in 2008 for city and highway driving, according to the EPA.^[12] A second generation Murciélago LP 640 was fittingly used in the 2008 movie The Dark Knight.^[13]

Murciélago LP 640 Roadster (2006–2010)

At the 2006 Los Angeles Auto Show, Lamborghini announced that the roadster version of the Murciélago would also be updated to LP 640 specifications.^[14]

Gallery

Murciélago LP 670–4 SuperVeloce (2009–2010)

At the 2009 Geneva Motor Show, Lamborghini unveiled the ultimate variant of the Murciélago, the LP 670–4 SuperVeloce.^[15] The SV moniker had previously appeared on the Diablo SV, and Miura. The SV variants are more extreme and track-oriented than the normal production variants and are usually produced in limited numbers.^[16]

The SuperVeloce's {{cvt|6496|cc|L cuin|1|abbr=on}} V12 engine generates a maximum power output {{convert|670|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 8,000 rpm and {{convert|660|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque at 6,500 rpm, due to revised valve timing and upgraded intake system. The car's weight was also reduced by {{convert|100|kg|abbr=on}} through extensive use of carbon fibre inside and out. A new, lighter exhaust system also helps in saving weight. As a result of the extensive weight loss, the SV has a power-to-weight ratio of 429 hp/long ton. The LP 640's optional 15-inch carbon-ceramic disc brakes with 6 piston callipers came as standard equipment with the car. In its June 2009 issue, Car and Driver magazine estimated that the LP 670–4 SV is capable of accelerating to {{convert|100|km/h|abbr=on}} from a standing start in just 3.1 seconds and on to {{convert|200|km/h|0|abbr=on}} in 7.4 seconds. Subsequent testing by Road & Track revealed a {{convert|0-60|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} time of 3.1 seconds and a quarter mile time of 10.9 seconds at {{convert|129.4|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}.^[17] Lamborghini claims a top speed of {{convert|339|km/h|abbr=on}} when the car is fitted with an optional smaller spoiler, or {{convert|336|km/h|abbr=on}} with the standard Aeropack wing.^[18]

According to Maurizio Reggiani, head of Lamborghini R&D at the time, the LP 670–4 SV's steering was tuned for high-speed sensitivity. The original production plan of the ultimate Murciélago was limited to 350 cars, and cost US$400,000 (before options) £270,038 in 2009. However, only 186 LP 670-4s were produced before the factory had to make room for the new Aventador production line. The chassis numbers of the total cars manufactured do not represent manufacturing order. Only 5-6 cars are known to be produced with a manual transmission.

Limited editions

40th Anniversary Edition

In 2004, Lamborghini celebrated its 40th anniversary by introducing a limited production run of 50 40th-Anniversary Edition Murciélagos. Enhancements over the standard car included a limited-edition blue body color that was called "Verde Artemis", carbon-fibre exterior detailing, upgraded wheels, a revamped exhaust system, and a numbered plaque on the inside of the rear window. The interior also featured unique leather trim.^[19]

LP 640 Versace

The Murciélago LP 640 Versace is a special limited edition of the LP 640 that was unveiled at the 2006 Paris Motor Show. Available in either white or black, only 20 were produced as both coupés and roadsters but only 8 were available for sale. Although the standard V12 engine was used, stylists from the Versace fashion house, and Lamborghini's Ad Personam program, collaborated to design custom interiors finished in two-toned Versace leather complimented with a Gianni Versace logo plaque on the centre console.^[20] Each unit came with matching Versace luggage, along with driving shoes and gloves. A matching watch from Versace's Precious Items department was also made available to customers.^[21]

LP 650–4 Roadster

In 2009, Lamborghini released a limited-run update of the Murciélago Roadster (50 units). The LP 650-4's increased engine output is rated at {{convert|650|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|660|Nm|0|abbr=on}}, allowing the car to reach {{convert|100|km/h|abbr=on}} in 3.4 seconds and achieve a top speed of {{convert|330|km/h|0|abbr=on}}. Available only in Grigio Telesto gray with Arancio orange highlights, the color scheme was continued on the inside.^[22]

LP 670–4 SuperVeloce China Limited Edition (2010)

The LP 670–4 SuperVeloce China Limited Edition is a limited version of the LP 670–4 SuperVeloce for the Chinese market. It is distinguished by the middle stripe.^[23] The vehicle, unveiled at the Beijing Auto Show,^[24] has a top speed of {{convert|342|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} and produces {{convert|670|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|661|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} of torque, which propels it from 0–100 km/h (0-62 mph) in 3.2 seconds. Production was limited to 10 units.^[23]^[25]^[26]

Specifications

Engines

Transmissions

Safety recall

In May 2010 in the United States, Lamborghini recalled 428 of its 2007–2008 Murciélago coupés and roadsters because of the possibility of weld failure on the fuel pump support inside the fuel tank, potentially leading to a fuel leak and possible fire.^[38]^[39]

Motorsport

R-GT

The Lamborghini Murciélago R-GT is the racing version of the Murciélago, developed jointly with Reiter Engineering and Audi Sport. Unlike the standard car, the R-GT is rear-wheel drive only and only 9 were produced, in order to comply with the FIA, ACO, and JAF rules. The car retains the standard V12 engine, but air restrictors are used to manage power. Acceleration and top speed performance are dependent on gearing, as different ratios are used for different tracks. Some specifications: 0–60 mph (97 km/h) in 3.1 seconds, 60–124 mph (200 km/h) in 5.0 seconds and 124–155 mph (200–250 km/h) in 5.5 seconds.

A Murciélago R-GT was entered into the 2008 24 Hours of Le Mans, but was not classified.

In April 2009, beating a Corvette C6.R, and Saleen S7R, a Murciélago R-GT of the Russian IPB Spartak Racing Team won the GT1 class in the 1000 km de Catalunya, a LMS race. The drivers of the IPB Spartak Racing car were Russian, Roman Rusinov, and Dutch, Peter Kox. The Lamborghini made pole position, but was moved to the end of the grid due to some technical irregularities. They finished 2 laps ahead of the lead Corvette to take the second international win for a Lamborghini GT car.

RG-1

A version of R-GT built for the Japan Lamborghini Owners Club (JLOC) to compete in Japanese Super GT series in 2004. In March 2006, the RG-1 recorded a win in the GT300 class at the Super GT Suzuka 500 km race.^[40]

LP670 R-SV

The R-SV is an evolution of the R-GT developed by Reiter Engineering to comply with the FIA rules for the new FIA GT1 World Championship. The 2010 FIA GT1 World Championship season saw Reiter run two cars and the other two were run by All-Inkl.com Münnich Motorsport. Reiter saw some success winning two Championship races finishing third in the teams championship. The All-Inkl team did not have as much success finishing ninth in the championship. The 2011 season saw Swiss Racing Team run the ex-Reiter R-SV's, after an unsuccessful season in 2010 running Nissan GT-R's. All-Inkl have had a successful season so far topping the teams championship as of round seven. Swiss Racing Team had some points finishes but after a crash between both cars at the Sachsenring round, they had a lack of spare parts and did not compete in the next three events. DKR Engineering announced that they would be using Murcielago R-SVs for the last 2 rounds of the season, instead of the Chevrolet Corvette C6.R that they were using for the first 8 rounds.

Related development

Lamborghini Miura concept

In January 2006, a retro-styled Lamborghini Miura concept car, built on a Murciélago chassis, was announced at the Museum of Television & Radio and promoted at the Los Angeles Auto Show, although the car itself was not present at the show. Subsequently, Miura concept was officially debuted at the North American International Auto Show just two weeks later. It was the first design penned by Lamborghini design chief, Walter de'Silva, and commemorated the 40th anniversary of the 1966 introduction of the original Miura in Geneva.

Lamborghini president and CEO, Stefan Winkelmann, rejected any possibility of the concept marking the Miura's return to production however, stating “The Miura was a celebration of our history, but Lamborghini is about the future. Retro design is not what we are here for. So we won’t do the Miura.”^[42]

Lamborghini Reventón

Debuted in 2007 at the Frankfurt Auto Show,^[43] the Lamborghini Reventón is a modified version of the Murciélago. The car's mechanical underpinnings and engine are identical to those of the Murciélago LP 640. However, the cosmetics are all unique. Interior and exterior styling were inspired by stealth fighter design, taking cues from aircraft such as the F-22 Raptor. Only 21 units were built, of which one was retained by the factory to be exhibited in the Lamborghini museum. Lamborghini also produced 15 units of a roadster version.

Production

Other media

The Murciélago is featured on the cover and in the racing video game Hot Pursuit 2. A Murciélago LP640 in police livery is also featured in the promotional video of Need For Speed: Hot Pursuit alongside a Pagani Zonda Cinque.^[49]

A black Murciélago roadster is briefly featured in the action movie Transporter 2.^[50] Lamborghini lent the production crew of The Dark Knight three Murciélago LP640s to use in a chase scene. One of the cars was destroyed in the process.^[51]

References

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