| 词条 | Literature of the Five Mountains |
| 释义 |
}} The literature of the Five Mountains (Japanese: 五山文学, gozan bungaku) is the literature produced by the principal Zen (禅) monastic centers of the Rinzai sect in Kyoto and Kamakura, Japan.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} The term also refers to five Zen centers in China in Hangzhou and Ningpo that inspired zen in Japan, while the term "mountain" refers to Buddhist monastery. {{citation needed|date=July 2012}} Five Mountains literature or gozan bungaku (五山文學) is used collectively to refer to the poetry and prose in Chinese produced by Japanese monks during the 14th and 15th centuries.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} Included are works by Chinese monks residing in Japan.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} The period witnessed a widespread importation of cultural influences from Song and Yuan period China that in many ways transformed Japan. {{citation needed|date=July 2012}} StyleThe literature of the Five Mountains highly prized a sense of humor and sympathy with life’s ordinariness.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} A Five Mountains poet might write about anything, in contrast to the proscribed themes of the aristocratic court poets.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} Kokan Shiren (d. 1346) for example would write about a mosquito.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} Snouts sharp as drill bits! The image in the final line of Mosquitoes reminds the reader of one of the custom in Zen establishments of slapping on the head with a stick those practitioners of meditation who have momentarily dozed off.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} In contrast, a courtier might write about the cicada and celebrate seasonal associations connected to them.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} To write about the mosquito would violate the courtier’s strict sense of literary decorum.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} In a poem entitled "Sailing in the Moonlight", Kokan focuses on the incongruous humor of life.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} We monks boat in moonlight, circle through the reeds. Five Mountains literature was not entirely concerned with the rustic cloistered world. Often the principal historical events of the day found their way into the works of the monks.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} Zen clerics themselves often served as advisers to the leading political figures.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} In a poem, "Written Suddenly While Feeling Remorse Over the Passage of Time" Chugan Engetsu (d. 1375) relates his feelings about the fall of the Kamakura shogunate a year earlier.{{citation needed|date=July 2012}} A year ago today the Kamakura fell. Citations
References{{Authority control}} 5 : Zen texts|Rinzai school|History of literature|Japanese literature|Japanese literary movements |
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