| 词条 | Lamington |
| 释义 |
| name = Lamington | image = NZ Lamington.jpg | image_size = | caption = A cream-filled lamington | alternate_name = | country = Australia | region = Queensland | creator = | type = Sponge cake | served = | main_ingredient = Icing, desiccated coconut, sugar | variations = | calories = | other = }} A lamington is an Australian cake, made from squares of butter cake or sponge cake coated in an outer layer of chocolate sauce and rolled in desiccated coconut. The thin mixture is absorbed into the outside of the sponge cake and left to set, giving the cake a distinctive texture. A common variation has a layer of cream or strawberry jam between two lamington halves.[1][2] HistoryOriginsMaurice French, an emeritus professor of history at the University of Southern Queensland, who has examined the question in depth,[3] believes that it is certain that lamingtons were named after either Lord Lamington, who served as Governor of Queensland from 1896 to 1901, or his wife, Lady Lamington.[4][5] Most sources incline to the former option.[6][7][8] The earliest known reference to the naming of the lamington, from June 1927, links the cake to Lord Lamington.[9] The identity of the recipe's inventor has also been debated. Most stories attribute its creation to Lord Lamington's chef, the French-born Armand Galland, who was called upon at short notice to feed unexpected guests. Using only the limited ingredients available, Galland cut up some left-over French vanilla sponge cake baked the day before, dipped the slices in chocolate and set them in coconut. Impressed by Galland's creation, Lamington's guests were said to have later asked for the recipe. This version of events is supported by Lady Lamington's memoirs.[10] Coconut was not widely used in European cooking at that time, but was known to Galland whose wife was from Tahiti where coconut was a common ingredient. Another possible inventor is Amy Schauer, cooking instructor at Brisbane's Central Technical College from 1897 to 1938. One account suggests that the lamington was first served in Toowoomba, when Lord Lamington took his entourage to Harlaxton House to escape the steamy heat of Brisbane,[11] whereas another claims that it was created by Galland at Queensland's Government House in Brisbane during the busy period leading up to Federation in 1901. A further alternative claim is that Lord Lamington's cook, presumably Galland, accidentally dropped a block of sponge cake into a dish of chocolate. It was later discovered that desiccated coconut, sprinkled over the top, made the cakes more appealing.[12] The first known mention of "Lamington cake" appears in an 1896 newspaper account of a "Lamington Function" at Laidley in Queensland. The event was in honour of Lord Lamington (although it appears he did not attend) and also featured "Lamington Tea", "Lamington Soup" etc, so, in the absence of any description of the cake, the name of the cake might signify nothing more than the name of the event.[13] A 1900 recipe for Lamington Cakes has been found in the Queensland Country Life newspaper.[14] While the recipe originated in Queensland, it spread quickly, appearing in a Sydney newspaper in 1901[15] and a New Zealand newspaper in 1902.[16] However, none of these recipes indicate the creator of the recipe nor the reason for its name. Due to an April Fools' Day prank in a New Zealand newspaper on 1 April 2014 written by Olaf Priol (an anagram of April Fool), some people believe that the lamington was a New Zealand sweet known as a Wellington which existed before the Australian lamington.[17] Modern dayLamingtons remain a popular snack across Australia and New Zealand and Friday, 21 July 2006, was designated as National Lamington Day in Australia.[18][2] Lamingtons are often sold at fundraisers for schools or charity groups, known as "lamington drives".[19] Some Australians shorten the name to "Lammo" (singular) or "Lammos" (plural).[20] VariantsA similar but smaller-sized confection is known in South Africa as ystervarkies (porcupines), while in the U.S. city of Cleveland, they are called coconut bars.[4] Another similar dessert known as čupavci or coconut cubes is also eaten in Slovenia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary and Romania. In New Zealand, a raspberry icing variant is popular.[21] AwardsIn 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, the lamington was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as an iconic "innovation and invention".[22] See also{{portal|Food}}
References1. ^{{cite book|author=Michael Symons|title=One Continuous Picnic: A History of Eating in Australia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SH_fAAAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Penguin Books Australia|isbn=978-0-14-007167-2|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314214233/https://books.google.com/books?id=SH_fAAAAMAAJ|archivedate=14 March 2017|df=dmy-all}} 2. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Wong |first1=Jennifer |title=Everything you need to know about lamingtons, the most Australian cake |url=https://www.abc.net.au/life/everything-you-need-to-know-about-lamingtons-australian-cake/10720880 |accessdate=28 January 2019 |work=ABC Life |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=24 January 2019}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Maurice French|title=The Lamington Enigma: A Survey of the Evidence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IPQ8lwEACAAJ|year=2013|publisher=Tabletop Publishing|isbn=978-0-9874322-0-9|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315023151/https://books.google.com/books?id=IPQ8lwEACAAJ|archivedate=15 March 2017|df=dmy-all}} 4. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/australia-food-blog/2014/may/16/lamingtons-provenance-unproven-but-tastiness-unquestioned|title=Lamingtons – provenance unproven but tastiness unquestioned|last=Veenhuyzen|first=Max|date=15 May 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=21 April 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428071739/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/australia-food-blog/2014/may/16/lamingtons-provenance-unproven-but-tastiness-unquestioned|archivedate=28 April 2016|df=dmy-all}} 5. ^{{cite news|last1=Martell|first1=Ally|title=A slice of the action - the lamington demands recognition|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/life/food-wine/a-slice-of-the-action-the-lamington-demands-recognition/story-e6frg8jo-1226668996800|accessdate=10 September 2016|publisher=The Australian|date=25 July 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016164151/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/life/food-wine/a-slice-of-the-action-the-lamington-demands-recognition/story-e6frg8jo-1226668996800|archivedate=16 October 2016|df=dmy-all}} 6. ^{{cite book|author1=Darra Goldstein|author2=Sidney Mintz|author3=Michael Krondl|author4=Laura Mason|title=The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jbi6BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA34|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-931339-6|pages=34–|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315023141/https://books.google.com/books?id=jbi6BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA34|archivedate=15 March 2017|df=dmy-all}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Alan Davidson|title=The Oxford Companion to Food|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bIIeBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA456|date=21 August 2014|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-104072-6|pages=456–|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314215055/https://books.google.com/books?id=bIIeBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA456|archivedate=14 March 2017|df=dmy-all}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=Barbara Santich|title=Bold Palates: Australia's Gastronomic Heritage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RkHKFAzc_5AC&pg=PA203|year=2012|publisher=Wakefield Press|isbn=978-1-74305-094-1|pages=203–|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314213953/https://books.google.com/books?id=RkHKFAzc_5AC&pg=PA203|archivedate=14 March 2017|df=dmy-all}} 9. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article169146899 |title=Some Special Recipes. |newspaper=The Sydney Mail |location=NSW |date=29 June 1927 |accessdate=1 February 2015 |page=37 |publisher=National Library of Australia |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201001704/http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article169146899 |archivedate=1 February 2015 |df=dmy-all }} 10. ^Cosima Marriner, 'Galland attempt to please a Lady takes the Cake' The Saturday Age (6 June 2009): 9. 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fast-ed.com.au/a-brief-history-of-lamingtons/|title=A brief history of lamingtons - Fast Ed|date=6 July 2011|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055930/http://www.fast-ed.com.au/a-brief-history-of-lamingtons/|archivedate=21 September 2013|df=dmy-all}} 12. ^{{cite web | title=Lamington—The Oz 'National Dish' | publisher=Australian National Dictionary Centre | date=May 1999 | work=Ozwords | url=http://www.anu.edu.au/ANDC/pubs/ozwords/May_99/6._lamington.htm | accessdate=11 October 2006 | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607040705/http://www.anu.edu.au/ANDC/pubs/ozwords/May_99/6._lamington.htm | archivedate=7 June 2008 | df=dmy-all }} 13. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article123358617 |title=Notes on the "Lamington Function.". |newspaper=Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald and General Advertiser |location=Qld. |date=28 July 1896 |accessdate=17 January 2015 |page=3 |publisher=National Library of Australia |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119115425/http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article123358617 |archivedate=19 January 2015 |df=dmy-all }} 14. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article101452826 |title=Useful Recipes. |newspaper=Queensland Country Life |location=Qld. |date=17 December 1900 |accessdate=18 April 2014 |page=29 |publisher=National Library of Australia |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012602/http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article101452826 |archivedate=19 April 2014 |df=dmy-all }} 15. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165233945 |title=THE LADIES' PAGE. |newspaper=Sydney Mail and New South Wales Advertiser |location=NSW |date=12 October 1901 |accessdate=17 January 2015 |page=938 |publisher=National Library of Australia |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119231437/http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article165233945 |archivedate=19 January 2015 |df=dmy-all }} 16. ^{{cite news|title=THE WOMAN'S WORLD|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NZH19020827.2.13&srpos=1&e=-------10--1-byDA---2lamington+cake--|accessdate=17 January 2015|work=The New Zealand Herald|date=27 August 1902|page=3|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201064025/http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NZH19020827.2.13&srpos=1&e=-------10--1-byDA---2lamington+cake--|archivedate=1 February 2015|df=dmy-all}} 17. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/01/lamington-invented-in-new-zealand-new-research-proves-beyond-doubt|title=Lamington invented in New Zealand, new research proves 'beyond doubt'|last=Priol|first=Olaf|date=1 April 2014|work=The Guardian|access-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201182813/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/01/lamington-invented-in-new-zealand-new-research-proves-beyond-doubt|archive-date=1 December 2017|dead-url=no|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|df=dmy-all}} 18. ^{{cite news|title=Australians celebrate National Lamington Day|url=http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/radio/onairhighlights/australians-celebrate-national-lamington-day/983740|accessdate=10 September 2016|work=www.radioaustralia.net.au|agency=ABC Radio Australia|date=20 July 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916210057/http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/radio/onairhighlights/australians-celebrate-national-lamington-day/983740|archivedate=16 September 2016|df=dmy-all}} 19. ^{{cite book|author=Joan Hughes|title=Australian words and their origins|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B7tZAAAAMAAJ|year=1989|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-553087-2|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314162455/https://books.google.com/books?id=B7tZAAAAMAAJ|archivedate=14 March 2017|df=dmy-all}} 20. ^{{cite book|author=Annabel Smith|title=The goodfood.com.au Australia Day lamington challenge|url=http://www.goodfood.com.au/recipes/the-goodfoodcomau-australia-day-lamington-challenge-20140120-315ko|year=2014|publisher=goodfood.com.au|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427003716/http://www.goodfood.com.au/recipes/the-goodfoodcomau-australia-day-lamington-challenge-20140120-315ko|archivedate=27 April 2017|df=dmy-all}} 21. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.chelsea.co.nz/browse-recipes/raspberry-lamingtons/|title=Raspberry Lamingtons|last=|first=|date=|website=Chelsea Sugar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104003037/https://www.chelsea.co.nz/browse-recipes/raspberry-lamingtons/|archive-date=4 November 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=4 November 2018}} 22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://statements.qld.gov.au/statement/id/64301|title=PREMIER UNVEILS QUEENSLAND’S 150 ICONS|last=Bligh|first=Anna|authorlink=Anna Bligh|date=10 June 2009|website=|publisher=Queensland Government|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524033717/http://statements.qld.gov.au/statement/id/64301|archive-date=24 May 2017|dead-url=|access-date=24 May 2017}} Further reading
5 : Australian cuisine|Culture of Cleveland|Cakes|Foods containing coconut|Australian desserts |
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