| 词条 | Landtag of Bavaria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Landtag of Bavaria | native_name = Bayerischer Landtag | coa_pic = Coat of arms of Bavaria.svg | coa_res = | session_room = LandtagsgebäudeBayern.jpg | house_type = Landtag | leader1_type = President of the Landtag | leader1 = Ilse Aigner | party1 = CSU | election1 = 5 November 2018 | members = 205 | political_groups1 =Government (112)[1]
| structure1 = Bavarian Landtag 2018.svg | structure1_res = 250px | last_election1 = 14 October 2018 | next_election1 = 2023 | meeting_place = Maximilianeum, Munich | website = www.bayern.landtag.de/ }} The Landtag of Bavaria (State Diet of Bavaria) is the unicameral legislature of the state of Bavaria in Germany. The parliament meets in the Maximilianeum in Munich. Elections to the Landtag are held every five years[2] and have to be conducted on a Sunday or public holiday.[3] The following elections have to be held no earlier than 59 months and no later than 62 months after the previous one,[4] unless the Landtag is dissolved. The most recent elections to the Bavarian Landtag were held on 14 October 2018. HistoryThe Landtag of Bavaria was founded in 1818, in the Kingdom of Bavaria. Originally it was called the Ständeversammlung and was divided into an upper house, the Kammer der Reichsräte (chamber of imperial counsellors), and a lower house, the Kammer der Abgeordneten. In 1834 the Ständeversammlung was renamed the Landtag (state diet). In the Weimar Republic, from 1919 on, under the Bamberg Constitution, the upper house of the Landtag was abolished and its lower house became a unicameral democratic elected assembly. In 1933, in Nazi Germany, the Landtag suffered Gleichschaltung like all German state parliaments. It was dissolved on 30 January 1934. After the Second World War, the new Constitution of Bavaria was enacted and the first new Landtag elections took place on 1 December 1946. Between 1946 and 1999 there was again an upper house, the Senate of Bavaria. Results of the 2018 election{{main article|Bavarian state election, 2018}}{{electiontable||editlink=no}}Summary of the 14 October 2018 election results[5] for the Landtag of Bavaria|- bgcolor=#E9E9E9 |- | colspan=9| |- | Party | Ideology | Votes | Votes % (change) | Seats (change) | Seats % |- |style="width: 1px" bgcolor={{Christian Social Union in Bavaria/meta/color}} align="center" | | align="left" |Christian Social Union (CSU) | align="left" | Christian democracy | align="right" | 5,047,006 | align="right" | 37.2% | align="right" | {{red|−10.4pp}} | align="right" | 85 | align="right" | {{red|−16}} | align="right" | 41.5% |- |style="width: 1px" bgcolor={{Alliance '90/The Greens/meta/color}} align="center" | | align="left" | Alliance '90/The Greens (Grünen) | align="left" | Green politics | align="right" | 2,377,766 | align="right" | 17.6% | align="right" | {{green|+9.0pp}} | align="right" | 38 | align="right" | {{green|+20}} | align="right" | 18.5% |- |style="width: 1px" bgcolor=#007E82 align="center" | | align="left" | Free Voters (FW) | align="left" | Regionalism | align="right" | 1,571,288 | align="right" | 11.6% | align="right" | {{green|+2.6pp}} | align="right" | 27 | align="right" | {{green|+8}} | align="right" | 13.2% |- |style="width: 1px" bgcolor={{Alternative for Germany/meta/color}} align="center" | | align="left" |Alternative for Germany (AfD) | align="left" | German nationalism | align="right" | 1,383,866 | align="right" | 10.2% | align="right" | {{green|+10.2pp}} | align="right" | 22 | align="right" | {{green|+22}} | align="right" | 10.7% |- |style="width: 1px" bgcolor={{Social Democratic Party of Germany/meta/color}} align="center" | | align="left" | Social Democratic Party (SPD) | align="left" | Social democracy | align="right" | 1,317,942 | align="right" | 9.7% | align="right" | {{red|−10.9pp}} | align="right" | 22 | align="right" | {{red|−20}} | align="right" | 10.7% |- |style="width: 1px" bgcolor={{Free Democratic Party (Germany)/meta/color}} align="center" | | align="left" | Free Democratic Party (FDP) | align="left" | Liberalism | align="right" | 687,842 | align="right" | 5.1% | align="right" | {{green|+1.8pp}} | align="right" | 11 | align="right" | {{green|+11}} | align="right" | 5.4% |- | |- |style="width: 1px" bgcolor={{The Left (Germany)/meta/color}} align="center" | | align="left" | The Left (Die Linke) | align="left" | Democratic socialism | align="right" | 435,949 | align="right" | 3.2% | align="right" | {{green|+1.1pp}} | align="right" | 0 | align="right" | ±0 | align="right" | 0% |- |style="width: 1px" bgcolor=#386ABC align="center" | | align="left" | Bavaria Party (BP) | align="left" | Bavarian nationalism | align="right" | 231,930 | align="right" | 1.7% | align="right" | {{red|−0.4pp}} | align="right" | 0 | align="right" | ±0 | align="right" | 0% |- |style="width: 1px" bgcolor={{Ecological Democratic Party/meta/color}} align="center" | | align="left" | Ecological Democratic Party (ÖDP) | align="left" | Green conservatism | align="right" | 211,784 | align="right" | 1.6% | align="right" | {{red|−0.5pp}} | align="right" | 0 | align="right" | ±0 | align="right" | 0% |- |style="width: 1px" bgcolor={{Pirate Party Germany/meta/color}} align="center" | | align="left" | Pirate Party (Piraten) | align="left" | Pirate politics | align="right" | 60,087 | align="right" | 0.4% | align="right" | {{red|−1.5pp}} | align="right" | 0 | align="right" | ±0 | align="right" | 0% |- |style="width: 1px" bgcolor=#db296a align="center" | | align="left" | Party for Franconia (Die Franken) | align="left" | Regionalism | align="right" | 31,547 | align="right" | 0.2% | align="right" | {{red|−0.5pp}} | align="right" | 0 | align="right" | ±0 | align="right" | 0% |- |style="width: 1px" bgcolor={{Other/meta/color}} align="center" | | align="left" | Others | align="left" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | 0 | align="right" | ±0 | align="right" | 0% |- | Total | 11,812,965 | 100.0% | 205 | +25 | |} Composition of the Landtag{{Politics of Bavaria}}The Bavarian Landtag is elected through personalized proportional representation with 90 Constituencies, but unlike the Bundestag, the seven Administrative Districts are serving as "Electoral Regions" with a fixed number of seats allocated, flexible regional lists are used and both votes count equally regarding the proportional results so that even the "lost" Constituency votes count. Also, Constituency candidates are usually also List candidates of their Party and thus able to gain enough votes to have a chance of entering the Landtag through their list even though they could not win their Constituency. The state government is formed by the CSU. Markus Söder has been Minister-President of Bavaria since March 2018, when he succeeded Horst Seehofer. The CSU has dominated the Bavarian Landtag for nearly the entire post-war period. The CSU's 2003 election victory was the first time in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany that any party had won a two-thirds majority of seats in an assembly at any level.[6] Five years later in 2008, the CSU saw a stunning reversal of fortunes, and failed to win a majority of seats in Bavaria for the first time in 46 years. In the aftermath of this result, the SPD floated the idea that the four other parties should all unite to form a government excluding the CSU, as it had "lost its mandate to lead": however, the FDP were not interested. Election results 1946–2018
Source:{{Cite web | url = http://www.bayern.landtag.de/pdf_internet/Gesamtwahl2003.pdf | title = Wahlergebnisse seit 1946 | accessdate = 6 June 2008 | publisher = Bavarian Landtag }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}} Parties:
See also
References1. ^https://www.bing.com/amp/s/abcnews.go.com/amp/International/wireStory/merkels-ally-forms-coalition-govern-bavaria-58931586{{Dead link|date=February 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 2. ^Landtag A-Z – Legislaturperiode{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (in German) Landtag website. Retrieved 6 June 2008 3. ^Tag der Abstimmung – Election date (in German) Landeswahlgesetz. Retrieved 6 June 2008 4. ^Bavarian constitution – Article 16 Legislative terms, new elections {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421211225/http://www.bayern.landtag.de/en/bayer_verfassung_erster_hauptteil.html |date=21 April 2008 }} Landtag website. Retrieved 7 June 2008 5. ^[https://www.landtagswahl2018.bayern.de/ergebnis_tabelle_990.html] 6. ^Stoiber – Dominant But Not Omnipotent {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003113436/http://www.aicgs.org/analysis/wahlen/clemens.aspx |date= 3 October 2008 }} American Institute for contemporary German studies, author: Prof. Clayton Clemens. Retrieved 7 June 2008 External links
2 : State legislatures of Germany|Politics of Bavaria
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