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词条 London Borough of Camden
释义

  1. History

  2. Districts and environs

  3. Politics

     Camden London Borough Council  London Assembly  UK Parliament 

  4. Demographics

     Ethnicity 

  5. Major public or private bodies

  6. Economy

  7. Attractions

  8. Education

  9. Transport

     Buses  Rail  National Rail  Underground  Future  Travel to work  Speed limit 

  10. Police

  11. London Fire Brigade

  12. See also

  13. References

  14. External links

{{Distinguish|Camden Town}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}{{Use British English|date=August 2015}}{{Infobox London Borough
| name = London Borough of Camden
| short_name = Camden
| imagename = Camden UK locator map.svg
| image_shield = File:Camden.PNG
| arms_article = Coat of arms of the London Borough of Camden
| status = Borough
| area_km2 = 21.8
| ons_code = 00AG
| gss_code = E09000007
| adminhq = Town Hall, Judd Street, St Pancras, London
| url = www.camden.gov.uk
| leadership = Leader & Cabinet
| mayor = Councillor Jenny Headlam-Wells
| mps = Keir Starmer (Lab)
Tulip Siddiq (Lab)
| gla_constituency = Barnet and Camden
| gla_member = Andrew Dismore (Lab)
| dial_codes = 020
| postcode_areas = {{postcode|EC}}, {{postcode|N}}, {{postcode|NW}}, {{postcode|W}}, {{postcode|WC}}
}}

The London Borough of Camden is a borough in north west London, and forms part of Inner London. Historically in Middlesex, some southern (more central) areas of the borough, such as Holborn,[1] are sometimes described as part of the West End of London.

The local authority is Camden London Borough Council.[2]

History

The borough was created in 1965 from the former area of the metropolitan boroughs of Hampstead, Holborn, and St Pancras, which had formed part of the County of London.[3] The borough was named after Camden Town, which had gained its name from Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden in 1795.[4] The transcribed diaries of William Copeland Astbury, recently made available, describe Camden and the surrounding areas in great detail from 1829–1848. Sir Jan inspired many of his art works in this area.[5]

There are 162 English Heritage blue plaques[6] in the borough of Camden representing the many diverse personalities that have lived there.[7]

Districts and environs

{{For|a full list of districts and neighbourhoods of Camden|List of districts in Camden}}

The southern part of the borough is in the Central Activities Zone including Holborn, Bloomsbury and King's Cross. The northern part of the borough includes the less densely developed areas of Hampstead, Hampstead Heath and Kentish Town. Neighbouring boroughs are the City of Westminster and the City of London to the south, Brent to the west, Barnet and Haringey to the north and Islington to the east. It covers all or part of the N1, N6, N7, N19, NW1, NW2, NW3, NW5, NW6, NW8, EC1, WC1, WC2, W1 and W9 postcode areas.

Politics

Camden London Borough Council

{{see also|Camden London Borough Council|Camden local elections}}

Camden Town Hall is located in Judd Street in St Pancras. Camden London Borough Council was controlled by the Labour Party continuously from 1971 until the 2006 election, when the Liberal Democrats became the largest party. In 2006, two Green Cllrs, Maya de Souza and Adrian Oliver, were elected (to Highgate Ward) and were the first Green Party councillors in Camden. In 1985 when the borough was rate-capped, the Labour leadership joined the rebellion in which it declared its inability to set a budget in an unsuccessful attempt to force the Government to allow higher spending. Camden was the fourth to last council to drop out of the campaign, doing so in the early hours of 6 June.

Borough councillors are elected every four years. Since May 2002 the electoral wards in Camden are Belsize, Bloomsbury, Camden Town with Primrose Hill, Cantelowes, Fortune Green, Frognal and Fitzjohns, Gospel Oak, Hampstead Town, Haverstock, Highgate, Holborn and Covent Garden, Kentish Town, Kilburn, King's Cross, Regent's Park, St Pancras and Somers Town, Swiss Cottage and West Hampstead.

Between 2006 and 2010 Labour lost two seats to the Liberal Democrats through by-elections, in Kentish Town and Haverstock wards. A Labour Councillor in Haverstock ward also defected to the Liberal Democrats in February 2009. The Conservatives also lost two seats, one to the Liberal Democrats in Hampstead, and one to the Green Party, Alexander Goodman, in Highgate, taking the total number of Green Party Councillors to three. At the local elections on 6 May 2010 the Labour party regained full control of Camden council.

The organisation's staff are led by the Chief Executive who is currently Mike Cooke. The organisation is divided into five directorates:

  • Housing and Adult Social Care
  • Children, Schools and Families
  • Culture & Environment
  • Central Services:
    • Finance
    • Legal
    • Strategy and Organisation Development
  • Chief Executives Department

The directorates are headed by a director who reports directly to the Chief Executive. Each directorate is divided into a number of divisions headed by an assistant director. They, in turn, are divided into groups which are themselves divided into services. This is a similar model to most local government in London.

London Assembly

Camden forms part of the Barnet and Camden London Assembly constituency, represented by Andrew Dismore of the Labour Party

UK Parliament

There are two parliamentary constituencies covering Camden: Hampstead and Kilburn in the north, represented by Labour's Tulip Siddiq, and Holborn and St. Pancras in the south, represented by Labour's Keir Starmer.

Demographics

{{Historical populations
|type = UK
|title = Population
|footnote = Source: A Vision of Britain through time
|1801 |96795
|1811 |124741
|1821 |158077
|1831 |192228
|1841 |228950
|1851 |270197
|1861 |301408
|1871 |332619
|1881 |363830
|1891 |376500
|1901 |362581
|1911 |349184
|1921 |335408
|1931 |322212
|1941 |286956
|1951 |255558
|1961 |231143
|1971 |209097
|1981 |161100
|1991 |181489
|2001 |198027
|2011 |220338
}}

In 1801, the civil parishes that form the modern borough were already developed and had a total population of 96,795. This continued to rise swiftly throughout the 19th century as the district became built up, reaching 270,197 in the middle of the century. When the railways arrived the rate of population growth slowed, for while many people were drawn in by new employment, others were made homeless by the new central London termini and construction of lines through the district. The population peaked at 376,500 in the 1890s, after which official efforts began to clear the overcrowded slums around St Pancras and Holborn.

After World War II, further suburban public housing was built to rehouse the many Londoners made homeless in the Blitz, and there was an exodus from London towards the new towns under the Abercrombie Plan for London (1944). As industry declined during the 1970s the population continued to decline, falling to 161,100 at the start of the 1980s. It has now begun to rise again with new housing developments on brownfield sites and the release of railway and gas work lands around Kings Cross. A 2017 study found that the eviction rate of 6 per 1,000 renting households in Camden is the lowest rate in London.[8]

The 2001 census gave Camden a population of 198,000, an undercount that was later revised to 202,600.[9] The projected 2006 figure is 227,500.

On 20 May 1999, the Camden New Journal newspaper documented 'Two Camdens' syndrome as a high-profile phenomenon differentiating the characteristics of education services in its constituencies. In 2006, Dame Julia Neuberger's book reported similar variation as a characteristic of Camden's children's health services. Her insider's view was corroboration – in addition to the 2001 "Inequalities" report by Director of Public Health Dr. Maggie Barker of "stark contrasts in" health and education opportunities – of earlier similar Audit Commission findings and a verification/update of the 1999 CNJ report.[10]

The following table shows the ethnic group of respondents in the 2001 and 2011 census in Camden.

Ethnicity

Ethnic Group2001[11]2011[12]
Number%Number%
White: British 104,390 52.72% 96,937 43.99%
White: Irish 9,149 4.62% 7,053 3.20%
White: Gypsy or Irish Traveller 167 0.08%
White: Other 31,357 15.84% 41,898 19.02%
White: Total 144,896 73.17% 146,055 66.29%
Asian or Asian British: Indian 4,574 2.31% 6,083 2.76%
Asian or Asian British: Pakistani 1,250 0.63% 1,489 0.68%
Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi 12,569 6.35% 12,503 5.67%
Asian or Asian British: Chinese 3,470 1.75% 6,493 2.95%
Asian or Asian British: Other Asian 2,158 1.09% 8,878 4.03%
Asian or Asian British: Total 24,021 12.13% 35,446 16.09%
Black or Black British: African 11,795 5.96% 10,802 4.90%
Black or Black British: Caribbean 3,635 1.84% 3,496 1.59%
Black or Black British: Other Black 944 0.48% 3,762 1.71%
Black or Black British: Total 16,374 8.27% 18,060 8.20%
Mixed: White and Black Caribbean 1,654 0.84% 2,494 1.13%
Mixed: White and Black African 1,224 0.62% 1,800 0.82%
Mixed: White and Asian 1,983 1.00% 3,880 1.76%
Mixed: Other Mixed 2,568 1.30% 4,148 1.88%
Mixed: Total 7,429 3.75% 12,322 5.59%
Other: Arab 3,432 1.56%
Other: Any other ethnic group 5,023 2.28%
Other: Total 5,300 2.68% 8,455 3.84%
Black, Asian, and minority ethnic: Total 53,124 26.83% 74,283 33.71%
Total 198,020 100.00% 220,338 100.00%

Major public or private bodies

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
  • The Architectural Association
  • Birkbeck, University of London
  • The British Library
  • British Medical Association
  • The British Museum
  • Cancer Research UK
  • Central School of Speech and Drama
  • Euston station
  • Francis Crick Institute
  • Friends House
  • Great Ormond Street Hospital
  • Goodenough College
  • Lincoln's Inn
  • King's Cross railway station
  • London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (part of University of London)
  • National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
  • National Union of Students
  • Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
  • Royal Central School of Speech and Drama
  • Royal College of Anaesthetists
  • Royal College of General Practitioners
  • Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health
  • Royal College of Physicians
  • Royal College of Surgeons
  • Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons
  • Royal Free Hospital
  • Royal Veterinary College (Camden Campus)
  • Senate House (University of London)
  • School of Oriental and African Studies
  • Slade School of Fine Art
  • St Pancras Hospital
  • St Pancras railway station
  • Student Central
  • Trades Union Congress (TUC)
  • University College Hospital
  • University College London
  • The University of Law
  • University of London Union
  • Wellcome Trust
  • Working Men's College
{{div col end}}

Economy

{{expand section|date=November 2012}}Santander UK has its head office in the borough.[13][14] Atlantic Books has its headquarters in the borough.[15] Previously Forte Group had its head office in the borough.[16]

Camden has the seventh largest economy in the UK.[17]

Attractions

See also Camden parks and open spaces

{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
  • Bloomsbury Theatre
  • BT Tower
  • Camden Arts Centre
  • Camden catacombs (see also Catacombs of London)
  • Camden Market
  • Parts of Covent Garden
  • Dickens House
  • Dominion Theatre
  • Drama Centre London
  • Fenton House
  • Foundling Museum
  • Freud Museum
  • Grant Museum of Zoology
  • Gray's Inn
  • Hampstead Cemetery
  • Hampstead Heath
  • Hatton Garden
  • Highgate Cemetery
  • Jewish Museum London
  • Keats' House
  • Kenwood House
  • Lincoln's Inn
  • Parliament Hill Lido
  • Phoenix Garden
  • The eastern part of Regent's Park is in the borough
  • The Roundhouse
  • Russell Square
  • Shaftesbury Theatre
  • Sir John Soane's Museum
  • Upstairs at The Gatehouse
  • World's End (Camden)
  • London Zoo
  • London Astoria
  • Electric Ballroom
  • Wellcome Collection
  • Primrose Hill
{{div col end}}

Education

{{See also|List of schools in Camden}}

The London Borough of Camden is the local education authority for the borough, organised through the Children, Schools and Families directorate.

Transport

Buses

All bus services are operated by Transport for London. Buses serve every suburb in the borough.

Rail

National Rail

Three of the fourteen central London's railway terminals are located in the borough. {{stnlnk|Euston}}, St Pancras and Kings Cross are the London termini for the West Coast, Midland and East Coast Main Lines and also High Speed 1. This connects the borough with the East of England, East Midlands, West Midlands, North East & West England, North Wales, Scotland, South East England, France, Belgium and the Netherlands.

Since 14 November 2007 when St Pancras International became the new terminus of Eurostar, a major regeneration of the area has occurred with the King's Cross Central development happening behind the station.

London Overground's North London Line services run through the borough serving {{stnlnk|Camden Road}}, {{stnlnk|Kentish Town West}}, {{stnlnk|Gospel Oak}}, {{stnlnk|Hampstead Heath}}, {{stnlnk|Finchley Road & Frognal}} and {{stnlnk|West Hampstead}}. London Overground also operates the Watford DC Line services from Euston serving {{stnlnk|South Hampstead}}, trains continue to Watford in Hertfordshire.

Thameslink route services serve {{stnlnk|St Pancras}}, Kentish Town and {{stnlnk|West Hampstead Thameslink}} stations. Currently the Thameslink network is undergoing a major expansion project called the Thameslink Programme. This will link more places in Southern England to the borough and to the East of England. While some services on the Great Northern network, which currently terminate at King's Cross will be diverted onto the Thameslink network, all work is due to be complete by 2016.[18]

Underground

London Underground services are provided by the Circle, Central, Hammersmith & City, Jubilee, Metropolitan, Northern, Piccadilly and Victoria lines, these all serve {{LUL stations|station=King's Cross St Pancras}} apart from the Central and Jubilee lines. Other stations in the borough – {{LUL stations|station=Euston}}, {{LUL stations|station=Euston Square}}, {{LUL stations|station=Warren Street}}, {{LUL stations|station=Goodge Street}}, Tottenham Court Road Station, {{LUL stations|station=Holborn}}, {{LUL stations|station=Russell Square}}, {{LUL stations|station=Chancery Lane}}, {{LUL stations|station=Mornington Crescent}}, {{LUL stations|station=Camden Town}}, {{LUL stations|station=Chalk Farm}}, {{LUL stations|station=Belsize Park}}, {{LUL stations|station=Hampstead}}, {{LUL stations|station=West Hampstead}}, {{LUL stations|station=Finchley Road}}, {{LUL stations|station=Swiss Cottage}} and {{LUL stations|station=Kentish Town}} are scattered around the borough.

Future

A proposed rail or underground line called the Chelsea-Hackney line (also known as Crossrail 2 and the Chelney line) would run through the borough serving King's Cross St Pancras tube station. The line would run between {{LUL stations|station=Epping}} and Wimbledon.

The formerly proposed Cross River Tram was going to start in the borough of Camden but was scrapped by the Mayor of London in 2008.[19]

Travel to work

In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: underground, metro, light rail, tram, 21.5% of all residents aged 16–74; on foot, 9.2%; bus, minibus or coach, 9.2%; driving a car or van, 6.3%; work mainly at or from home, 5.2%; train, 4.1%; bicycle, 4.1%.[20]

Speed limit

From 16 December 2013, Camden Council introduced a borough-wide speed limit of {{convert|20|mph|km/h}}, except on Transport for London red routes.[21][22] This is to make roads safer for cyclists and pedestrians.

Police

Camden is policed by the Metropolitan Police Service. There are two police stations across the borough, situated at Holborn and Kentish Town. There are various other contact points around the borough including West Hampstead, Greenland Road, Highgate Road, Station House (Swiss Cottage), West End Lane, Old Hampstead Town Hall and Kingsway College. All locations have varying opening hours with Kentish Town Police Station open to the public on a 24-hour basis.

The current Borough Commander for Camden is Chief Superintendent Penelope Banham.{{when|date=September 2018}}

Hampstead Heath, situated within the London Borough of Camden and managed by the City of London Corporation, has its own Constabulary who deal with everyday incidents on the Heath, however, all serious criminal offences are passed to the Metropolitan Police to investigate.

With a large London Underground network and major railway stations such as King's Cross, St Pancras International and Euston, Camden also has a much larger presence of British Transport Police (BTP) than many other London boroughs. BTP are responsible for policing Great Britain's railway network.

London Fire Brigade

Four fire stations (Belsize, Euston, Kentish Town, West Hampstead) are operated by London Fire Brigade in the borough of Camden. None of these fire stations are home to any specialist units; just pumping appliances and a rescue tender.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

Three of London's busiest railway stations are in the borough, namely Euston, King's Cross and St Pancras. Somewhere in the region of 52 million passengers using these stations every year.[23][24]

See also

{{Portal|London}}
  • Camden Head
  • Camden bench

References

1. ^https://www3.camden.gov.uk/westendproject/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Project-Overview-for-website-1.pdf LBC website describing improvements in a part of the borough they refer to as 'West End'
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.camden.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/council-and-democracy/about-the-council/|title=Camden Council: About the Council|publisher=www.camden.gov.uk|accessdate=28 July 2010}}
3. ^Vision of Britain – Camden LB {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527220615/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10136179&c_id=10001043 |date=27 May 2008 }}
4. ^Mills, A., Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names, (2001)
5. ^https://www.facebook.com/pages/William-Copeland-Astbury/133515880158978?fref=ts
6. ^https://www.london.gov.uk/in-my-area/camden Camden
7. ^{{cite web|title=Search Blue Plaques|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/blue-plaques/search/#?showTotals=true&terms=&mode=BluePlaques&borough=London%20Borough%20of%20Camden|work=Blue plaques search – Camden|publisher=English Heritage|accessdate=7 March 2018}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=London's Poverty Profile|url=https://www.trustforlondon.org.uk/data/evictions-borough/|website=Trust for London|accessdate=9 January 2018}}
9. ^Camden Council – Camden Key Facts 2001–2016{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
10. ^see the DFES Children Act report (2000); The Health Divide by Voluntary Action Camden; Health Inequalities in Camden Dr. Maggie Barker, a public Health Report; "Seen But Not Heard" an Audit Commission report based on research carried out mainly in Camden; and The Moral State We're In by Dame Julia Neuberger, former chair of Camden Community Health Services NHS Trust, et al.
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/query/construct/submit.asp?forward=yes&menuopt=201&subcomp= |title=KS006 - Ethnic group |publisher=NOMIS |accessdate=30 January 2016}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/QS201EW/view/1946157259?cols=measures |title=Ethnic Group by measures |publisher=NOMIS |accessdate=8 January 2016}}
13. ^"Ward Map." London Borough of Camden. Retrieved on 28 May 2014.
14. ^"Registered Office details" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6PtTKaL7u?url=http://www.santander.co.uk/csgs/Satellite?cid%3D1210608807651%26leng%3Den_GB%26pagename%3DAbbeycom/Page/WC_ACOM_TemplateA2 Archive]). Santander UK. Retrieved on 28 May 2014. "Santander UK plc. Registered Office: 2 Triton Square, Regent’s Place, London NW1 3AN. United Kingdom"
15. ^"Contact Us {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130114015128/http://www.atlantic-books.co.uk/content/contact-us-0 |date=14 January 2013 }}." Atlantic Books. Retrieved on 9 November 2012. "Atlantic Books, Ormond House, 26–27 Boswell Street, London, WC1N 3JZ"
16. ^"[https://web.archive.org/web/20010802123331/http://www.forte-hotels.com/company/contact.htm Contact Information]." Forte Group. Retrieved on 2 August 2001. "166 High Holborn London WC1V 6TT United Kingdom"
17. ^https://www.london.gov.uk/in-my-area/camden Camden
18. ^Thameslink Programme: About the project {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100505120503/http://www.thameslinkprogramme.co.uk/cms/pages/view/11 |date=5 May 2010 }} Accessed 27 July 2010
19. ^http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/7712002.stm
20. ^{{cite web|title=2011 Census: QS701EW Method of travel to work, local authorities in England and Wales|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-wards-and-output-areas-in-england-and-wales/rft-qs701ew.xls|publisher=Office for National Statistics|accessdate=23 November 2013}} Percentages are of all residents aged 16–74 including those not in employment. Respondents could only pick one mode, specified as the journey’s longest part by distance.
21. ^{{cite web|title=20mph speed limit in Camden – Camden Council|url=http://www.camden.gov.uk/ccm/content/news/2013/december-2013/20mph-speed-limit-in-camden.en|publisher=Camden Council|accessdate=30 December 2013}}
22. ^{{cite web|title=Speed limits – Camden Council|url=http://camden.gov.uk/ccm/content/transport-and-streets/traffic-management/speed-limits.en|publisher=Camden Council|accessdate=30 December 2013}}
23. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/about_us/media/Camden.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=9 July 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003125609/http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/about_us/media/Camden.pdf |archivedate=3 October 2008 |df=dmy-all }} London Fire Brigade – Camden Profile
24. ^London Fire Brigade – Camden Profile {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003125609/http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/about_us/media/Camden.pdf |date=3 October 2008 }}

External links

{{Commons category}}
  • Camden Town London website – News about the Camden Markets and Camden Town
  • The website of Camden Council
  • Camden TV
  • Camden Town Online
  • [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/politicians-blamed-for-health-inequalities-that-kill-the-poor-912329.html WHO's Commission 2008 finding on the Social Determinants of Health finding re 'two Camdens' syndrome (3rd para)]
  • [https://www.youtube.com/user/CamdenCouncil Camden Council YouTube channel]
{{LB Camden}}{{London}}{{Coord|51|32|N|0|10|W|region:GB_type:adm1st|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:London Borough Of Camden}}

4 : London Borough of Camden|1965 establishments in the United Kingdom|Pages including recorded pronunciations (UK English)|London boroughs
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