| 词条 | Longues-sur-Mer battery | |||||
| 释义 |
|name = Longues-sur-Mer Battery |native_name = Marineküstenbatterie (MKB) Longues-sur-Mer |partof = Atlantic Wall |location = Normandy, France |image = |caption = A gun emplacement at Longues-sur-Mer battery |map_type = |map_size = |map_alt = |map_caption = |type = |coordinates = {{coord|49.3435|-0.6950|type:landmark|display=inline}} |code = Wiederstandsnest (Wn) 48 |built = September 1943 to April 1944 |builder = Organisation Todt |materials = Concrete and steel |height = |used = 6 June 1944 |demolished = |condition = Four casemates with naval guns plus fire control bunker |ownership = Coastal Conservatory (Fr.:Conservatoire du Littoral) |open_to_public = All casemates are open to public |controlledby = |garrison = Kriegsmarine then Wehrmacht |current_commander = |commanders = |occupants = ~185 |battles = Battle of Normandy |events = D-Day landings |image2 = |caption2 = Kriegsmarine Ensign }} The Longues-sur-Mer battery (in German: Marineküstenbatterie (MKB) Longues-sur-Mer) was a World War II German artillery battery constructed near the French village of Longues-sur-Mer in Normandy. The battery was sited on a {{convert|60|m|ft|abbr=on}} cliff overlooking the sea and formed a part of Germany's Atlantic Wall coastal fortifications. It was located between the Allied landing beaches of Gold and Omaha and shelled both beaches on D-Day (6 June 1944). The battery was captured on June 7 and played no further part in the Normandy campaign. The battery is the only one in Normandy to retain all its original guns in situ and was listed an historical monument in October 2001. It remains in a good state of conservation. ConstructionThe battery is located halfway between Port-en-Bessin in the west and Arromanches-les-Bains in the east and {{convert|8|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of Bayeux. Construction of the battery - code-named Widerstandsnest (Wn) 48 - began in September 1943 and was completed by April 1944.[1] Although constructed and manned initially by the Kriegsmarine, the battery was later transferred to the German army in late 1943.[2] Four casemates of regelbau (meaning standard) type M272 requiring 600 square metres of concrete and four tons of steel reinforcement were built each with a 150mm TK C/36 marine gun (manufactured by German-controlled Skoda factory in Pilsen, Czechoslovakia), with a range of approximately {{convert|20|km|mi|abbr=on}} and a rate of fire of six to eight shots per minute. The casemates had walls and ceilings over {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}} thick. The guns were positioned on a central pivot mount (Mittelpivotlafette - MPL) TL C/36. Behind each gun were rooms containing the shells and charges. Fire control was managed from a regelbau type M262A two-story command post located {{convert|300|m|ft|abbr=on}} in front of the guns on the cliff edge. It was equipped some of the most technically advanced firing control systems available in Normandy. It communicated with each gun battery via an armoured electrical communication system. Also situated at the battery were ammunition bunkers and shelters for defending troops. Three 20 mm anti-aircraft guns were placed at the battery with a searchlight. Around the battery was a minefield, barbed wire fences and machine-gun and mortar pits for defence. A Soviet 122 mm K390 cannon was also placed in an open gun pit close to the entrance to the battery.[3] GarrisonThe battery had a garrison of 184 officers and men, under initial Kriegsmarine command were later transferred to the Wehrmacht.. Normandy landingsThe battery at Longues-sur-Mer was situated between the landing beaches Omaha and Gold.[4] In the build up to D-Day, the battery was attacked by aircraft on several occasions. On the evening of 5/6 June 1944 the battery was attacked by bombers but little damage was inflicted on the casemates, but bombs severed the armoured communication system. A large amount of the bombs dropped hit a nearby village.[5] The fire control post reverted to visual signals to control some of the guns and this affected their accuracy. The bombing was followed from 05:37 on the morning of the landings by bombardment from the British cruiser HMS Ajax. The battery itself opened fire at 06:05, and at 06.20 targeted the headquarters ship for Gold Beach, HMS Bulolo, which retreated out of range. At 08.00 the British cruisers Ajax and Argonaut engaged the battery. By 08.45 no further shots were fired by the battery's guns for a time as the Germans undertook repairs. The heaviest damage was caused by the explosion of the ammunition for an AA gun, mounted by the Germans on the roof of casemate No.4, which killed several German soldiers.[6] After effecting repairs the battery's guns once again opened fire towards Omaha Beach. The French cruisers Georges Leygues and Montcalm, assisted by the cruiser U.S.S. Arkansas returned fire on the battery. The return fire knocked out one casemate and damaged two others. The still active fourth gun opened fire intermittently during the afternoon and evening of D-Day but caused little impact on the Allied landings. The battery had fired over 100 shots through the day. The crew of the battery (184 men, half of them over 40 years old) surrendered without a fight to advancing British troops of Company C of the 2nd Devonshire Regiment at midday on June 7. Advanced Landing Ground B-11Close to the Longues-sur-Mer battery a temporary Advanced Landing Ground (code-named B-11) airstrip was built by the Allies. The airstrip was active between June 21 to September 4, 1944 and used by the 125th Wing of the 83rd Group flying Spitfires. Gallery of bunker photographsSee also
External links
References{{commons category|Atlantic Wall - Longues-sur-Mer}}1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.atlanticwall.polimi.it/museum/bunker/bunker_france.php?inventory_ID=95|title=Wiederstandnest n° 48|work=The Atlantic Wall Linear Museum}} {{World War II}}{{Battle of Normandy}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Longues-Sur-Mer Battery}}2. ^{{cite book|title=D-Day Fortifications in Normandy|isbn=1-84176-876-6|pages=28}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.normandie44lamemoire.com/en/longues-sur-mer/ |title=Long-sur-Mer |author= |website=normandie44lamemoire.com |date= |publisher= |accessdate=9 February 2019 }} 4. ^{{Cite book |last=Sterne |first=Gary |title=The Cover-up at Omaha Beach |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing |year=2014 |ISBN=9781629143279 |page=286}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=The Taking of the Longues Sur Mer Battery|url=http://www.normandy1944.org.uk/longues_sur_mer.htm|accessdate=28 June 2013}} 6. ^{{cite book|title=D-Day 1944|isbn=1-84176-368-3|year=2002|pages=50}} 9 : Atlantic Wall|Buildings and structures in Calvados (department)|Military history of France during World War II|Military history of Normandy|Fortifications in France|Tourist attractions in Normandy|World War II sites in France|Tourist attractions in Calvados (department)|Monuments historiques of Normandy |
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