| 词条 | Louise Weiss |
| 释义 |
| name = Louise Weiss | image = Louise Weiss.jpg | image_size = | caption = Louise Weiss (front) along with other suffragettes at the Bastille in Paris in 1935 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1893|1|25|df=y}} | birth_place = Arras, France | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1983|5|26|1893|1|25}} | death_place = Paris, France | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = | nationality = French | other_names = | known_for = Being an early pro-European feminist | education = | employer = | occupation = Politician, journalist and author | title = | salary = | networth = | height = | weight = | term = | predecessor = | successor = | party = | boards = | religion = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = Paul Louis Weiss Jeanne Javal | relatives = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }} Louise Weiss (25 January 1893 in Arras, Pas-de-Calais – 26 May 1983 in Paris) was a French author, journalist, feminist and European politician. LifeLouise Weiss came from a cosmopolitan family of Alsace. Her father, Paul Louis Weiss, a mining engineer, was a distinguished Alsatian Protestant from La Petite-Pierre.[1] The ancestors of her Jewish mother, Jeanne Javal, originated from the small Alsatian town of Seppois-le-Bas.[2] She grew up in Paris with five siblings, was trained as a teacher against the will of her family, was a teacher at a secondary school for arts and awarded a degree from Oxford University. From 1914 to 1918, she worked as a war nurse and founded a hospital in the Côtes-du-Nord. From 1918 to 1934, she was the publisher of the magazine, {{Interlanguage link multi|L'Europe nouvelle|fr}}. From 1935 to the beginning of World War II, she committed herself to women's suffrage. In 1936, she stood for French parliamentary elections, running in the Fifth arrondissement of Paris. During the War, she was active in the French Resistance. She claimed she was a member of the Patriam Recuperare network; however this was formally denied by members of the network. She was chief editor of the secret magazine, "Nouvelle République" from 1942 until 1944. In 1945, she founded the Institute for Polemology (research on war and conflict) together with {{Interlanguage link multi|Gaston Bouthoul|fr}}[3] in London.{{citation needed|date=October 2014}} She travelled around the Middle East, Japan, China, Vietnam, Africa, Kenya, Madagascar, Alaska, India, etc., made documentary films and wrote accounts of her travels. In 1975, she unsuccessfully tried twice to be admitted to the Académie Française. In 1979, she became a Member of the European Parliament for the Gaullist Party (now The Republicans). JournalistDuring World War I, she published her first press reports under a pseudonym. In Paris, she came in contact with her first great loves, representatives of countries striving for independence, such as Eduard Beneš, Tomáš Masaryk and Milan Štefánik. Between 1919 and 1939, she often travelled to Czechoslovakia. In 1918, she founded the weekly newspaper, {{Interlanguage link multi|Europe nouvelle|fr|3=L'Europe nouvelle}} (New Europe), which she published until 1934. Thomas Mann, Gustav Stresemann, Rudolf Breitscheid and Aristide Briand were among her co-authors on the paper. Louise Weiss described those who paved the way for the closening of the German-French relationship between the World Wars as "peace pilgrims", and they called their important co-worker "my good Louise". Europe dreamed of unification and in 1930, she founded the "Ecole de la Paix" (School of Peace), a private institute for international relations. With the takeover by the National Socialists in Germany, the possibility of a unification was over. PoliticianIn 1979, Louise Weiss stood as a candidate of the Gaullist Party in the first European election in 1979. On 17 July 1979 she was elected as a French Member of the European Parliament (MEP), sitting with the European People's Party. At the time of the first election, aged 86, she was the oldest member in Parliament and thus the EP's first 'oldest member'. She remained MEP and oldest member until her death on 26 May 1983, aged 90. The main parliament building in Strasbourg bears her name. Women's Rights ActivistIn 1934, she founded the association, La femme nouvelle (The New Woman) with Cécile Brunsvicg, and she strove for a stronger role of women in public life. She participated in campaigns for the right of women to vote in France, organised suffragette commands, demonstrated and had herself chained to a street light in Paris with other women. In 1935, she unsuccessfully sued against the "inability of women to vote" before the French Conseil d'État. WorksPolitical Works
Biographies
Novels
Theatrical Works
Travel Books
Sociological Essay
Art, Archaeology and Folklore
Honours
FoundationEach year, the Louise Weiss Foundation awards a prize to the author or the institution which has contributed the most to the advancement of the science of peace, the improvement of human relations and efforts of benefit to Europe. References1. ^"Louise Weiss" on the Jewish Woman's Archive 2. ^"Louise Weiss" on judaisme.sdv.fr 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://en.wikimediation.org/index.php?title=Polemology | title=Polemology | work=WikiMediation | accessdate=October 12, 2014}} LiteratureFlorence Hervé: Frauengeschichten - Frauengesichter, Vol. 4, trafo verlag 2003, 150 pp., illustrated, {{ISBN|3-89626-423-0}} External links
17 : French feminists|French journalists|French women journalists|French-language writers|French Resistance members|Women MEPs for France|Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur|French Jews|People from Arras|1893 births|1983 deaths|Union for a Popular Movement MEPs|MEPs for France 1979–84|French suffragists|French women writers|20th-century women politicians|21st-century women politicians |
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