“Larry Devlin”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Lawrence Raymond Devlin (June 18, 1922 – December 6, 2008),^[1] known as Larry Devlin, was a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) field officer. Stationed for many years in Africa, he was CIA station chief in the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the Congo Crisis when Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba was assassinated on 17 January 1961.

Biography

Devlin was raised in California and joined the U.S. Army during World War II, rising to the rank of captain.

He entered service with the CIA in 1949, having been recruited out of his Harvard doctoral program by McGeorge Bundy.

Devlin became chief of station in Congo in July 1960, a mere 10 days after the country's independence from Belgium and shortly before Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba's two-month term in office, dismissal from power and ultimate execution. In his memoir, Devlin reveals that late in 1960, he received instructions from an agent ("Joe from Paris") who was relaying instructions from CIA headquarters that he (Devlin) was to effect the assassination of Lumumba. Various poisons, including one secreted in a tube of toothpaste, were proffered. The directive had come from the CIA Deputy Chief of Plans Dick Bissell, but Devlin wanted to know if it had originated at a higher level and if so, how high. "Joe" had been given to understand that it had come from President Dwight D. Eisenhower, but Devlin never knew for sure. Devlin wrote (and said in public speaking engagements) that he felt an assassination would have been "morally wrong" and likely to backfire and work against U.S. interests.^[2] In the event, he temporized, neglecting to act, and Lumumba was ultimately murdered by his enemies in Katanga, allegedly with Belgian government participation and U.S. help.

Devlin supported Congolese dictator Mobutu Sese Seko in his two coups (14 September 1960 and 24 November 1965). He maintained that it was not a mistake for the U.S. to support this anti-communist, pro-Western strongman in light of larger Cold War concerns. But Devlin's (CIA) support for General was expressed after Mobutu's Sept. 14th coup detat. This is contradicted however by evidence that C.I.A. orchestrated Leopoldville newspaper headlines against Lumumba, organized union protests against him and mass demonstrations to remove him from power. At the time the newly independent Congo was undergoing four secessionist movements, the strongest backed by the Belgian government and in particular the Katanga Mining Union (Union Minière du Haut Katanga) producing 70% of the Congo's wealth. Prime Minister Lumumba sought assistance from the U.S. and the U.N. to bring in a peace-keeping force until a settlement could be negotiated with Katanga, but the request was denied. The U.N. Force in the Congo at that time was only to assist in the operational function of the new government. Lumumba then threatened to seek Russian assistance to end the Katanga secession, followed by the staunchly anti-communist General Mobutu's Sept 14th 1960 coup d'état, ousting Prime Minister Lumumba and president Kasa Vubu from power. However Mobutu allowed Kasa Vubu to remain in power as Kasa Vubu had never been suportive of separation from Belgium i.e. western influence.Lumumba was placed under house arrest under U.N. protection, but the building was surrounded by Congo soldiers. Under threat for his life, Lumumba attempted to escape in the back of a diplomat's car hoping to reach his supporters in Stanleyville. However General Mobutu's soldiers were waiting for him at a roadblock (at the alleged direction of the C.I.A.) captured and turned him over to the Belgian military in Katanga Province who tortured and executed him, so contrary to Devlin's testimony, CIA played a direct part in Lumumba's assassination in the preparation for the coup detat and its finale.

Later, Devlin served as station chief in Laos, and then as chief, Africa Division. He retired from service with the CIA in 1974.

Subsequent to his CIA employment, Devlin settled with his wife in the Congo and became the business agent of Maurice Tempelsman who advised the Mobutu Government on its dealings with the De Beers diamond cartel in Kinshasa. Devlin also socialized widely in the expatriate community of Kinshasa during the late 1970s and early 1980s.^[3]

References

1. ^{{Citation | last = Shane | first = Scott | title = Lawrence R. Devlin, 86, C.I.A. Officer Who Balked on a Congo Plot, Is Dead | newspaper = New York Times | date = 2008-12-11 | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/12/washington/12devlin.html}}
2. ^Weiner, Tim (2007), The History of the CIA, Doubleday, pg 163.
3. ^Silverstein, Ken (April 23, 2001). "Diamonds of Death". The Nation. Retrieved May 19, 2014.
4. ^{{Citation | last = Devlin | first = Larry | year = 2007 | title = Chief of station, Congo : a memoir of 1960-67 | isbn = 1-58648-405-2 | publisher = PublicAffairs | location = New York}}
5. ^{{Citation | last = Greenland | first = Seth | year = 1997 | title = Jungle Rot | isbn = 0-8222-1570-5 | publisher = Dramatists Play Service | location = New York}}
6. ^{{citation |title = Seth Greenland |journal = Playwrights Database |url = http://www.doollee.com/PlaywrightsG/GreenlandSeth.htm |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194646/http://www.doollee.com/PlaywrightsG/GreenlandSeth.htm |archivedate = 2007-09-27 |df = }}

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