词条 | Lucius Caesennius Paetus |
释义 |
Early lifePaetus, also known as "Caesennius Paetus" in a number of sources, was possibly the son of Publius Caesennius Paetus, an Etruscan from Tarquinia; the "Lucius Junius" suggests he was adopted by a Lucius Junius.[2] He may also be the great-grandson of Lucius Caesennius Lento. Career under NeroPaetus served as a politician and general during the reigns of the emperors Nero (54-68) and Vespasian (69-79). He served as a Consul Ordinarius in 61. After his consulship and in the same year, perhaps in June, Paetus was appointed Governor and Legatus Augusti pro praetore of Cappadocia. During his governorship, the General Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo was conducting Rome’s war with Parthia over Armenia. In successive campaigns, Corbulo had established Roman rule over the country, and Paetus was placed in charge of defending it from Parthian counterstrokes. Paetus despised Corbulo’s talent as a general. In 62 however, Paetus, at the head of the legions XII Fulminata and IV Scythica suffered a catastrophic defeat at the Battle of Rhandeia against the Parthian and Armenian forces of King Tiridates I of Armenia. Although relief forces headed by Corbulo were only 50 miles away, Paetus surrendered his fortified camp. He and his legions were shamed by passing under the yoke and were allowed to retreat from Armenia. After his defeat, Paetus' weak character and his incapability to command were revealed, and his military command was entrusted again to Corbulo. Charged with both incompetence and cowardice, Paetus was quickly pardoned by Nero, who dismissively commented that suspense would be harmful to someone of such timidity.[3] Career under VespasianIn 72, Paetus, Governor of Syria since 70, had sent letters addressed to Vespasian accusing King Antiochus IV of the client Kingdom of Commagene, together with his sons Gaius Julius Archelaus Antiochus Epiphanes and Callinicus, of planning to revolt against Rome and allying themselves with the King of Parthia. It is not known whether these accusations were true or false. After reading the letters, Vespasian felt that he could no longer trust the family of Antiochus IV with the protection of the strategic crossings of the Euphrates River at Samosata, and thus resolved to directly annex Commagene. Paetus invaded the Kingdom of Commagene at the head of Legio VI Ferrata. The client Kings Aristobulus of Chalcis and Sohaemus of Emesa also supplied troops to Paetus. The two armies encamped opposite each other, but no battle occurred, as the Commagenians were loath to confront the Roman army. Antiochus Epiphanes, his family, and Callinicus fled to Parthia, while their father, Antiochus IV, fled to Cilicia. There is, however, a possibility that Epiphanes and Callinicus made a short-lived attempt to resist invasion before fleeing to Parthia. Antiochus IV and his family had never wanted war with Rome and they wanted to rebut these accusations. Antiochus Epiphanes, with his family and Callinicus, were brought back to Rome with an honor guard, and lived out their lives there. Paetus' subsequent career and date of death are unknown. Private lifePaetus married Flavia Sabina, born c. 30, the daughter of Titus Flavius Sabinus and Arrecina Clementina and paternal niece of Vespasian. Their children included two sons: the oldest was named Lucius Junius Caesennius Paetus, consul in 79; the younger Lucius Caesennius Sospes, consul in 114.[4] References1. ^Paul A. Gallivan, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/638490 "Some Comments on the Fasti for the Reign of Nero"], Classical Quarterly, 24 (1974), pp. 291, 316 {{S-start}}{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before=Gaius Velleius Paterculus,2. ^Olli Salomies, Adoptive and Polyonymous Nomenclature in the Roman Empire (Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1992), p. 87 3. ^{{cite book|first=Allan|last=Massie|page=170|title=The Caesars|ISBN=0-7474-0179-9}} 4. ^Ronald Syme, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/299917 "The Enigmatic Sospes"], Journal of Roman Studies, 67 (1977), p. 45 and Marcus Manilius Vopiscus|as=Suffect consuls}}{{s-ttl|title=Consul of the Roman Empire|years=61|regent1=Publius Petronius Turpilianus}}{{s-aft|after=Gnaeus Pedanius Fuscus Salinator, and Lucius Velleius Paterculus|as=Suffect consuls}}{{S-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Caesennius Paetus, Lucius}} 11 : 1st-century Romans|Flavian dynasty|Imperial Roman consuls|Ancient Roman generals|People of the Roman–Parthian Wars|Roman governors of Syria|Roman governors of Cappadocia|Junii|Caesennii|20s births|70s deaths |
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