“Lufengpithecus”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Lufengpithecus is a genus of extinct ape in the subfamily Ponginae. It is known from thousands of dental remains and a few skulls and probably weighed about {{convert|50|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.^[1] It contains three species: L. lufengensis, L. hudienensis and L. keiyuanensis.

Characteristics

Like Sivapithecus, Lufengpithecus had heavy molars and large canine teeth. The lower third premolars sometimes have a slight second cusp, denoting a shift from their principal role as cutting teeth in other ape species.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}

While Lufengpithecus is generally considered to be a primitive pongine by most Western observers, Chinese scientists have noted a set of features that are more reminiscent of hominines. These include a broad interorbital distance, an "African" subnasal morphology, frontal sinuses, and a number of dental similarities. Also, basicranial and postcranial remains indicate it may have had adaptations for a significant degree of bipedalism. The ultimate position of Lufengpithecus in hominoid phylogeny requires more research.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}

A single mandiblular fragment with P4 and M1 from the site of Longgupo in Sichuan, China, originally assigned to the genus Homo, has been argued to be similar to Lufengpithecus, suggesting the genus may have survived until as recently as two million years ago, possibly overlapping with both Gigantopithecus and ancient Pongo in the region.^[2] One of the original authors who assigned the Longgupo specimen to Homo now considers it to be a "mystery ape".^[3]

A possibly related species from Thailand was assigned to the genus Khoratpithecus under the specific name chiangmuanensis.^[4] The species is known only from teeth, which appear to be intermediate in morphology between Sivapithecus and modern orangutans. The species lived about 10 million years ago and may have been the ancestor of modern orangutans.^[5]

Species

Lufengpithecus lufengensis

Lufengpithecus lufengensis is an extinct ape recovered from lignite (soft coal) beds at the Shihuiba Locality in Lufeng County, Yunnan, China, dating to the latest Miocene. It was originally thought to represent two distinct species, Sivapithecus yunnanensis, thought to be an ancestor of Pongo (orangutans), and Ramapithecus lufengensis, thought to be an early human ancestor. The recognition in the 1980s that "Ramapithecus" fossils were females of Sivapithecus led to the creation of the new genus and species Lufengpithecus lufengensis to accommodate the large collection of hominoid fossils recovered at Lufeng in the 1970s. The species was recognized to have a very large degree of sexual dimorphism, more comparable to that seen in cercopithecoid monkeys than in any living ape.^[1] The fossil remains from Shihuiba included a number of relatively complete but badly crushed crania of both male and female specimens.

Lufengpithecus hudienensis

In the 1980s and 1990s similar fossils were excavated from a number of localities in Yuanmou County, Yunnan, China, generally attributed to a new species Lufengpithecus hudienensis.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} The specimens include a large number of teeth, mandibular and maxillary fragments and the facial skeleton of a juvenile, comparable in dental age to the famous Taung infant australopithecine from South Africa

Lufengpithecus keiyuanensis

Hominoid fossil remains collected in the 1950s at Keiyuan County in Yunnan originally attributed to Dryopithecus keiyuanensis were subsequently assigned to Lufengpithecus keiyuanensis.^[6]

See also

References

1. ^¹{{cite book | last= Fleagle | first = John G. | date = 25 September 1998 | title = Primate Anatomy and Evolution | publisher = Academic Press | edition = second | pages = 474–475 | isbn = 978-0-12-260341-9}}
2. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Etler | first1 = D. A. | last2 = Crummett | first2 = T. L. | last3 = Wolpoff | first3 = M. H. | title = Longgupo: Early Homo colonizer or late Pliocene Lufengpithecus survivor in south China? | doi = 10.1007/BF02438918 | journal = Human Evolution | volume = 16 | pages = 1 | year = 2001 | pmid = | pmc = | url = http://www.chineseprehistory.com/Longgupo.pdf | format = pdf }}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
3. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Ciochon | first1 = R. L. | title = The mystery ape of Pleistocene Asia | doi = 10.1038/459910a | journal = Nature | volume = 459 | issue = 7249 | pages = 910–911 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19536242| pmc = | url = http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7249/pdf/459910a.pdf| format = pdf}}
4. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Chaimanee | first1 = Y. | last2 = Jolly | first2 = D. | last3 = Benammi | first3 = M. | last4 = Tafforeau | first4 = P. | last5 = Duzer | first5 = D. | last6 = Moussa | first6 = I. | last7 = Jaeger | first7 = J. J. | doi = 10.1038/nature01449 | title = A Middle Miocene hominoid from Thailand and orangutan origins | journal = Nature | volume = 422 | issue = 6927 | pages = 61–65 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12621432 | pmc = | url = http://scienceinschool.org/repository/docs/issue5_nature_chaimanee2003.pdf | format = pdf | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121023093813/http://www.scienceinschool.org/repository/docs/issue5_nature_chaimanee2003.pdf | archivedate = 2012-10-23 | df = }}
5. ^{{Cite journal|last1=Chaimanee |first1=Y. |last2=Suteethorn |first2=V. |last3=Jintasakul |first3=P. |last4=Vidthayanon |first4=C. |last5=Marandat |first5=B. |last6=Jaeger |first6=J. J. |doi=10.1038/nature02245 |title=A new orang-utan relative from the Late Miocene of Thailand |journal=Nature |volume=427 |issue=6973 |pages=439–441 |year=2004 |pmid=14749830 |pmc= |url=http://www.scienceinschool.org/repository/docs/issue5_nature_chaimanee2004.pdf |format=pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117153522/http://www.scienceinschool.org/repository/docs/issue5_nature_chaimanee2004.pdf |archivedate=2012-01-17 |df= }}
6. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Harrison | first1 = T. | last2 = Xueping | first2 = J. | last3 = Su | first3 = D. | doi = 10.1006/jhev.2002.0570 | title = On the systematic status of the late Neogene hominoids from Yunnan Province, China | journal = Journal of Human Evolution | volume = 43 | issue = 2 | pages = 207–227 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12160716| pmc = | url = http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/anthro/programs/csho/Content/Facultycvandinfo/Harrison/tharrison2.pdf| format = pdf}}