1. Design

2. History

3. Quotations

4. References

5. Notes

Design

In the 1880s, von Herkomer had travelled to America twice to paint portraits and to give lectures. In early 1886, he painted the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson in exchange for a home design he could bring back to Britain. Richardson, at the peak of his career and only months before his death at age 47, sketched a single picture of a four-storey Romanesque castle, explicitly allowing Herkomer to change the exterior "at will".^[4] From this sketch, von Herkomer commissioned the house.

Herkomer's father and two of his three uncles contributed to the idea, which was honoured by the artist in the triptych The Makers of my House. His uncle John, a joiner and carver, as was Herkomer's father Lorenz, came from America to assist, and his uncle Anton, a weaver, provided the draperies designed by the artist.

The house was built in white tufa from Bavaria and red sandstone. A plinth of courses of rugged stone formed the lower level, above was a wide segmental arch across most of the frontage and this was framed by two round turreted towers. At the top was a patterned gable. A tower rising above the front door was truncated during its construction when von Herkomer discovered it would obstruct light into his studio. Herkomer was solely responsible for the design of the interiors.

The rooms were in German gothic style, extravagantly decorated with elaborate wood carvings executed by himself and members of his family. The principal bedroom had a copper ceiling and had wood carved walls entirely covered with gold leaf. The hall and staircase were lined with panels of redwood, three feet wide and 30 feet high. The dining room was decorated with a relief frieze of nude female figures, illustrating Human Sympathy. It was illuminated by concealed electric lights, an innovation for its time. The drawing room had a vast arched chimney-piece and a music gallery .^[5]

The house was, for its time, built to a very high technical standard, had for instance electricity from its own generator (in a sidehouse), as well as hot and cold water in each bedroom.^[3]

History

Herkomer named the house Lululaund after his deceased wife, Lulu, who had died from a heart attack in 1885. The architect, Richardson, also died, long before the house was completed. Von Herkomer lived in the house from its completion in 1894 until his death in 1914. Lululaund was nicknamed the 'Bavarian castle' by Bushey residents.^[4]

Herkomer built a theatre in the grounds where he staged ‘pictorial-music-plays’ that he partly wrote and designed himself. When Herkomer became a pioneer of cinematography the theatre was later turned into a film studio and cinema, and he directed and acted in several films that were released commercially.

In the 1880s Herkomer created an Art School. After he retired from the school, the building was demolished, although the school continued on another site under the direction of Lucy Kemp-Welch. The landscape architect Thomas Mawson was commissioned in 1913 to design a rose garden on the original site.^[8]

When Herkomer died in 1914, his third wife, Margaret, Lady Herkomer, sister of his second wife, Lulu Griffiths, the house's namesake, moved out of Lululaund to another property nearby. Lululaund was requisitioned during the First World War, but subsequently remained largely unoccupied.^[4] The house and the film studio were leased in 1915 by the British Actors Film Company for use as their principal production base. The company ran into financial difficulties in the early 1920s and closed the site in 1923. The film boom of the 1930s caused it to reopen the studio, making short films.

During the 1920s and 1930s the surrounding estate land was gradually broken-up and sold for development.^[4] The buildings largely fell into disuse. For a number of years the house became the haunt of tramps, courting couples and schoolboys.^[5]

Lady Herkomer died in 1934, and the trustees of the Herkomer Estate offered the house, rose garden and kitchen garden to Bushey Urban District Council. The house was refused due to the high cost of maintenance but in 1937 the rose garden was transferred to the ownership of the Council. Lululaund was almost completely demolished in 1939, on the eve of the Second World War, with only a remnant surviving. It is possible that anti-German feeling and the fear it was an elevated landmark and a navigational marker for enemy bombers influenced the decision.

Much of the masonry from the demolition went as hardcore to build Bovingdon Airfield in 1941.^[6]

Films continued to be made in the studio until 1985 when it too closed.

A small portion of Richardson's façade survived: the front door and its tympanum, as the entrance to the former local British Legion hall on Melbourne Road. The hall is being redeveloped into housing in 2014, but the doorway is being retained.

The rose garden, summer-house, sunken garden and pergola were preserved and are now public gardens known as the Bushey Rose Garden.

Quotations

Herkomer wrote in the 1911 second volume of his autobiography :

His biographer, Baldry, wrote in 1901 :

References

• Stamp, Gavin. Lost Victorian Britain: How the Twentieth Century Destroyed the Nineteenth Century's Architectural Masterpieces. London: Aurum Press, 2010.
• Turnor, Reginald. Nineteenth-Century Architecture in Britain. London: Batsford, 1950.
• N Pevsner and B Cherry, The Buildings of England: Hertfordshire (2nd edn 1977), pp. 280–81
• Longman, The Herkomer Art School (1883–1904) A Re-assessment (1999), pp. 121–22 G

Notes

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