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词条 Lumnitzera
释义

  1. List of species

  2. References

  3. External links

{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Lumnitzera racemosa (flowering) - Kung Krabaen, Chantaburi province, Thailand.JPG
|image_caption = Lumnitzera racemosa (flowering) - Kung Krabaen, Chantaburi province, Thailand
|taxon = Lumnitzera
|authority = Willd. (1803)[1]
|range_map = Lumnitzera range map.png
|range_map_caption = Range of Lumnitzera[1]
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = Lumnitzera littorea
Lumnitzera racemosa
}}Lumnitzera is an Indo-West Pacific mangrove genus in the family Combretaceae. An English common name is black mangrove.[2] (However, "black mangrove may also refer to the unrelated genus Avicennia.) Lumnitzera, named after the German botanist, Stephan Lumnitzer (1750-1806), occurs in mangroves from East Africa to the Western Pacific (including Fiji and Tonga), and northern Australia.[1]

The genus has two species of similar vegetative appearance but with differing flower colour. Lumnitzera littorea has red flowers whereas Lumnitzera racemosa has white flowers. Both species have flat and spoon-shaped (spathulate) leaves with emarginate tips. L. racemosa dominates in the western part of the range and L. littorea dominates in the east. Hybrids occur within the zone of overlap (Lumnitzera × rosea).[1]

Three genera of the tropical woody family Combretaceae, Laguncularia, Conocarpus, and Lumnitzera, are found in mangroves but Lumnitzera is the only one to occur in the Indo-West Pacific mangroves, including Australia.[1]

Lumnitzera racemosa var. racemosa (Tonga mangrove, {{lang-af|Tonga-wortelboom}}, {{lang-zu|Isikhaha-esibomvu}}) is a protected tree in South Africa.[3]

List of species

The total world list of Lumnitzera species is 3,[4] namely L. littorea, L. racemosa and L. X rosea - others are synonyms, or incorrectly assigned names:

  • Lumnitzera caesia Spreng. (Unresolved) [5]
  • Lumnitzera capitata (Roth) Spreng. synonym of Platostoma hispidum (L.) A.J.Paton [6]
  • Lumnitzera carnosa Spreng. synonym of Ocimum carnosum (Spreng.) Link & Otto ex Benth. [7]
  • Lumnitzera coccinea Wight & Arn. synonym of Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt [8]
  • Lumnitzera densiflora (Roth) Spreng. synonym of Isodon rugosus (Wall. ex Benth.) Codd [9]
  • Lumnitzera fastigiata (Roth) Spreng. synonym of Salvia plebeia R.Br. [10]
  • Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt [11]
  • Lumnitzera lutea C.Presl (Unresolved) [12]
  • Lumnitzera montana F.Muell. (Unresolved) [13]
  • Lumnitzera moschata (R.Br.) Spreng. synonym of Plectranthus parviflorus Willd. [14]
  • Lumnitzera ocimoides Jacq. ex Spreng. synonym of Mosla dianthera (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Maxim. [15]
  • Lumnitzera pedicellata C.Presl (Unresolved) [16]
  • Lumnitzera pentandra Griff. (Unresolved) [17]
  • Lumnitzera polystachyon (L.) J.Jacq. ex Spreng. synonym of Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench [18]
  • Lumnitzera prostrata (L.) Spreng. synonym of Platostoma menthoides (L.) A.J.Paton [19]
  • Lumnitzera purpurea (Gaudich.) C. Presl synonym of Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt [20]
  • Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. [21]
  • Lumnitzera racemosa var. pubescens Koord. & Valeton synonym of Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. [22]
  • Lumnitzera racemosa var. racemosa synonym of Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. [23]
  • Lumnitzera rosea (Gaudich.) C. Presl synonym of Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. [24]
  • Lumnitzera rubicunda (D.Don) Spreng. synonym of Orthosiphon rubicundus (D.Don) Benth. [25]
  • Lumnitzera salvioides (B.Heyne ex Roth) Spreng. synonym of Plectranthus salvioides (B.Heyne ex Roth) Benth. [26]
  • Lumnitzera tenuiflora (L.) Spreng. synonym of Ocimum tenuiflorum L. [27]
  • Lumnitzera virgata (D.Don) Spreng. synonym of Orthosiphon rubicundus (D.Don) Benth. [28]

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.mangrovewatch.org.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=38&Itemid=300170|title=Lumnitzera|publisher=University of Queensland|accessdate=30 June 2010}}
2. ^{{PLANTS|id=LUMNI|taxon=Lumnitzera|accessdate=23 June 2015}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www2.dwaf.gov.za/dwaf/cmsdocs/4116___poster%20protected%20trees.pdf |title=Protected Trees |date=3 May 2013 |publisher=Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705085122/http://www2.dwaf.gov.za/dwaf/cmsdocs/4116___poster%20protected%20trees.pdf |archivedate=5 July 2010 |df= }}
4. ^{{Cite book|title=World Mangrove ID: expert information at your fingertips|last=Duke|first=Norman C|publisher=MangroveWatch Publications|year=2013|isbn=9780992365905|location=Currumbin, Queensland|pages=|via=}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-115712|title=Lumnitzera caesia Spreng. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-115713|title=Lumnitzera capitata (Roth) Spreng. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-115714|title=Lumnitzera carnosa Spreng. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2338863|title=Lumnitzera coccinea Wight & Arn. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-115715|title=Lumnitzera densiflora (Roth) Spreng. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-115716|title=Lumnitzera fastigiata (Roth) Spreng. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2338856|title=Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2338848|title=Lumnitzera lutea C.Presl — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2338857|title=Lumnitzera montana F.Muell. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-115717|title=Lumnitzera moschata (R.Br.) Spreng. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
15. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-115718|title=Lumnitzera ocimoides Jacq. ex Spreng. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2338858|title=Lumnitzera pedicellata C.Presl — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2338859|title=Lumnitzera pentandra Griff. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-115719|title=Lumnitzera polystachyon (L.) J.Jacq. ex Spreng. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-115720|title=Lumnitzera prostrata (L.) Spreng. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-50309083|title=Lumnitzera purpurea (Gaudich.) C. Presl — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
21. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2338861|title=Lumnitzera racemosa Willd. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-50309088|title=Lumnitzera racemosa var. pubescens Koord. & Valeton — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
23. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-8200505|title=Lumnitzera racemosa var. racemosa — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
24. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/tro-50309089|title=Lumnitzera rosea (Gaudich.) C. Presl — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
25. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-115721|title=Lumnitzera rubicunda (D.Don) Spreng. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
26. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-115722|title=Lumnitzera salvioides (B.Heyne ex Roth) Spreng. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
27. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-115723|title=Lumnitzera tenuiflora (L.) Spreng. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}
28. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-115724|title=Lumnitzera virgata (D.Don) Spreng. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org|language=en|access-date=2017-08-04}}

External links

{{Commonscat-inline|Lumnitzera}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q2520573}}

4 : Combretaceae|Mangroves|Protected trees of South Africa|Myrtales genera
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