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词条 Luzula sylvatica
释义

  1. Taxonomy and naming

  2. Description

  3. Distribution and habitat

  4. Ecology

  5. Uses

  6. References

{{speciesbox
|image = Luzula sylvatica in natural setting.JPG
|image_caption =
|status = LC
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref = [1]
|genus = Luzula
|species = sylvatica
|authority = (Huds.) Gaudin, 1762
|synonyms =
  • Juncoides sylvatica (Huds.) Druce
  • Juncus sylvaticus Huds.
  • Luzula haussknechtiana Freyn & Sint.

|synonyms_ref = [2]
}}

Luzula sylvatica, commonly known as greater wood-rush[3] or great wood-rush, is a perennial[4] flowering plant in the rush family Juncaceae.

Taxonomy and naming

With regards to the etymology of the binomial, Luzula could come from the Italian lucciola ("to shine, sparkle") or the Latin luzulae or luxulae, from lux ("light"), inspired by the way the plants sparkle when wet with dew;[5] whilst sylvatica comes from silva, Latin for forest.[6]

Description

Luzula sylvatica is the largest woodrush,[3][8] with stems {{convert|30|-|80|cm}} high.[8] It forms clumps of bright green leaves which are glossy,[6] flat, linear,[6] about {{convert|10|-|30|cm}} in length and {{convert|1|cm|in}} wide;[3] its leaves remain green or at least greenish throughout winter.[3] The leaves can also help to differentiate the plant from similar-looking plants in the closely related genus Juncus, as scattered white hairs can be found along the leaf edges.[3] Its tepals are {{convert|3|-|3.5|mm}}, with flowers which grow in groups of 3 or 4.[3][7] From mid-spring to summer,[8] L. sylvatica produces flowers in open panicles[8] which are very small,[6] chestnut-brown in colour[3] and can be found in dense and lax clusters.[6] L. sylvatica is sometimes stoloniferous.[3]Luzula sylvatica is both anemophilous and entomophilous, in that it can be pollinated by either wind or insect.[3] L. sylvaticas fruit is a 3-valved capsule containing three oblong seeds.[3] Each seed is indistinctly reticulate, often with a caruncle (a basal or apical appendage);[3] seeds tend to germinate close to their parent plant.[3]

Distribution and habitat

Luzula sylvatica has a wide distribution, and is native to Europe (the European temperate element of flora [9]) and southwest Asia[10] - including the British Isles where L. sylvatica populations are widespread stable, apart from a decline in central and south east England.[9] There is one record of L. sylvatica from Washington State, United States of America.[3]

Usually growing in partial to full shade,[10] Luzula sylvatica tends to grow on acidic soils in damp habitats.[9] L. sylvatica can be found on stream banks and well-drained, open woodland,[3] as well as in open ground and rock ledges [7] and peaty heath moors.[8] Despite its preference for acidic soils, it can tolerate most soil pH levels.[8]

Ecology

The leaves of Luzula sylvatica are picked in winter by golden eagles to line their eyries.[7] The flowers and seeds of L. sylvatica are also the sole food source for the larvae of the Coleophora sylvaticella moth.[11]

Uses

Luzula sylvatica is commonly used in horticulture — its thick, patch-forming habit (which allows the plant to act as a weed suppressant),[12] hardiness,[4] as well as the ability to grow in shade and damp soils[4] being particular boons; L. sylvatica is commonly used for ground cover[12] and/or as an ornamental grass.[4]

The cultivar ‘Marginata’ has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.[13][14]

{{Commons category|Luzula sylvatica}}{{Wikispecies}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/pub05_speciesstatusvpredlist3_web.pdf |title=Species Status, The Vascular Plant Red Data List for Great Britain |publisher=Joint Nature Conservation Committee |accessdate=8 November 2013 |page=70 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6LS4qzW16?url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/pub05_speciesstatusvpredlist3_web.pdf |archivedate=27 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gbif.org/species/2700859 |title=Luzula sylvatica (Huds.) Gaudin |publisher=Global Biodiversity Information Facility |work=GBIF Backbone Taxonomy |accessdate=6 November 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6LS58nPVe?url=http://www.gbif.org/species/2700859 |archivedate=27 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
3. ^10 11 12 13 {{cite web |url=http://www.devonwildlifetrust.org/species/Greater+woodrush/ |title=Greater woodrush (Luzula sylvatica) |publisher=Devon Wildlife Trust |work=Devon wildlife species |accessdate=6 November 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6LS4w1mvk?url=http://www.devonwildlifetrust.org/species/Greater+woodrush/ |archivedate=27 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gardenersworld.com/plants/luzula-sylvatica/540.html |title=Luzula sylvatica |publisher=BBC |work=Gardener's World |accessdate=6 November 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6LS4wws8i?url=http://www.gardenersworld.com/plants/luzula-sylvatica/540.html |archivedate=27 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=119122|title=Luzula in Flora of North America|work=Flora of North America|publisher=eFloras.org|pages=225–226|volume=22|accessdate=27 November 2013}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=1205 |title=RHS Plant Selector Luzula sylvatica 'Marginata' (v) |publisher=Royal Horticultural Society |accessdate=6 November 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6LS53wKU5?url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=1205 |archivedate=27 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.plant-identification.co.uk/skye/juncaceae/luzula-sylvatica.htm |title=Luzula sylvatica |publisher=West Highland Flora |accessdate=April 3, 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6LS5G88Xd?url=http://www.plant-identification.co.uk/skye/juncaceae/luzula-sylvatica.htm |archivedate=27 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://davisla.wordpress.com/2011/06/30/plant-of-the-week-luzula-sylvatica/ |title=Plant of the Week: Luzula sylvatica |publisher=WordPress.com |work=LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE BLOG |accessdate=6 November 2013 |author=Davis Landscape Architecture |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6LS5CByj7?url=http://davisla.wordpress.com/2011/06/30/plant-of-the-week-luzula-sylvatica/ |archivedate=27 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.brc.ac.uk/plantatlas/index.php?q=node/4050 |title=Luzula sylvatica |work=Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora |accessdate=8 November 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6LS5UpHJI?url=http://www.brc.ac.uk/plantatlas/index.php?q=node%2F4050 |archivedate=27 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://public.wsu.edu/~lohr/wcl/grasses/luzula/luzula.html |title=Luzula sylvatica Greater woodrush |publisher=Washington State University |work=Hardy Plants for Waterwise Landscapes |accessdate=8 November 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6LS5VoC4R?url=http://public.wsu.edu/~lohr/wcl/grasses/luzula/luzula.html |archivedate=27 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hantsmoths.org.uk/species/0580.php |title=Hants Moths - 0580 Coleophora sylvaticella |work=Hants Moths |accessdate=6 November 2013 |last=Wall |first=Mike |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6LS5WTuHZ?url=http://www.hantsmoths.org.uk/species/0580.php |archivedate=27 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.perennials.com/plants/luzula-sylvatica.html |title=Plant Profile for Luzula sylvatica - Greater Wood Rush Perennial |publisher=Perennials.com |accessdate=15 November 2013 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6LS5X6KDk?url=http://www.perennials.com/plants/luzula-sylvatica.html |archivedate=27 November 2013 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
13. ^{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/66734/i-Luzula-sylvatica-i-Marginata-(v)/Details| title = RHS Plantfinder - Luzula sylvatica ‘Marginata’ | accessdate=29 March 2018}}
14. ^{{cite web | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 62 | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | accessdate = 25 March 2018}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q162491}}

6 : Luzula|Flora of Europe|Flora of Western Asia|Plants described in 1762|Garden plants of Asia|Garden plants of Europe

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