“Latin Union”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;
|title = {{big|Latin Union}}
|liststyle = text-align:center;
||{{larger|{{native name|ca|Unió Llatina}}}} |{{larger|{{native name|fr|Union Latine}}}} |{{larger|{{native name|it|Unione Latina}}}} |{{larger|{{native name|pt|União Latina}}}} |{{larger|{{native name|ro|Uniunea Latină}}}} |{{larger|{{native name|es|Unión Latina}}}}
|linking_name = the Latin Union
|symbol_type = Logo
|image_map = Union_Latine.svg
|admin_center_type = Headquarters
|admin_center = {{nowrap|Paris, France}}
|coordinates = {{Coord|48|46|N|2|11|E|type:city}}
|languages_type = Official languages
|languages ={{flatlist|

Spanish
Catalan
French
Italian
Portuguese
Romanian

|membership_type = Members^[1]
|membership ={{flatlist|

Spanish: Bolivia · Chile · Colombia · Costa Rica · Cuba · Dominican Republic · Ecuador · El Salvador · Guatemala · Honduras · Nicaragua · Panama · Paraguay · Peru · Philippines · Spain · Uruguay · Venezuela

French: Côte d'Ivoire · France · Haiti · Monaco · Senegal

Italian: Italy · San Marino

Portuguese: Angola · Brazil · Cape Verde · East Timor · Guinea-Bissau · Mozambique · Portugal · São Tomé and Príncipe

Romanian: Moldova · Romania

Catalan: Andorra

Observers: Argentina · Holy See · Mexico · Sovereign Military Order of Malta}}

|ethnic_groups = |ethnic_groups_year =
|leader_title1 = {{longitem|President of the Congress}}
|leader_name1 = Oleg Serebrian
|leader_title2 = {{nowrap|Secretary-General}}
|leader_name2 = José Luis Dicenta Ballester
|established = 15 May 1954 in Madrid, Spain
|official_website = {{URL|www.unilat.org}}
}}

The Latin Union was an international organization of nations that used Romance languages that existed as a functional institution from 1983 to 2012. Its aim was to protect, project, and promote the common cultural heritage of Latin peoples and unifying identities of the Latin, and Latin-influenced, world. It was created in 1954 in Madrid, Spain, and its membership rose from 12 to 36 states, including countries in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, and the Asia-Pacific region.^[2]

The official names of the Latin Union were: {{lang|fr|Union Latine}} in French, {{lang|it|Unione Latina}} in Italian, {{lang|pt|União Latina}} in Portuguese, {{lang|ro|Uniunea Latină}} in Romanian,{{lang|es|Unión Latina}} in Spanish, and {{lang|ca|Unió Llatina}} in Catalan.^[3]

Due to financial difficulties, the Latin Union announced on 26 January 2012 the suspension of its activities, the dissolution of its Secretariat General (effective July 31, 2012) and termination of employment for all the organization's personnel.^[4]

Membership

According to the Latin Union's website, membership was open to any nation that met the following criteria:

Linguistic criteria :
- Official language derived from Latin
- Latin-derived language used in education
- Latin-derived language commonly used in the mass media or in daily life
Linguistic/cultural criteria :
- Existence of significant literature in a Latin-derived language
- Press and publication in Latin-derived language
- Television with a strong proportion of the programming in a Latin-derived language
- Radio widely broadcast in a Latin-derived language
Cultural criteria :
- Direct or indirect inheritance of the legacy of Ancient Rome, to which the state remains faithful and which it perpetuates mainly through the education of Latin
- Cultural education of Latin-derived foreign languages
- Exchange programmes with other Latin countries
- Societal organization, particularly in the legal plane, based on respect for fundamental liberties, the general principles of human rights and democracy, tolerance, and freedom of religion

Official languages

The official languages of the Latin Union were Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, and Catalan. Spanish, French, Italian and Portuguese were used as working languages. All the texts of general diffusion were translated into these four languages, with some also going into Romanian and Catalan.

Organization

The Union was composed of three main bodies, namely, the Congress, the Executive Council, and the General Secretariat.

Congress

The Congress, which consisted of the representatives of all the Member States, met in ordinary assembly every two years. Its main functions were

to adopt the budget,
to define the general direction of the Union,
to receive the new Member States formally, and
to elect and appoint different Member States to be the Presidents, Vice-Presidents, and members of the sub-organisations of the Union.

A President and two Vice-Presidents were also elected by the Congress. Oleg Serebrian from the Republic of Moldova was the last President.

There were also two auxiliary bodies of the Congress, namely, the Commission of Adhesions and the Commission of Candidacies.

The Commission of Adhesions was composed of 10 Member States and was responsible for promoting the adherence of all the Member States of the Union.
The Commission of Candidacies was composed of 9 Member States and was responsible for examining the validity of the candidacies, taking account of the geographical and linguistic-cultural division.

Executive Council

The Executive Council was the executive branch of the Union. It consisted of 12 Member States, which were elected by the Congress every four years, and led by a President and two Vice-Presidents, which were also elected by the Congress.

There were also two auxiliary commissions sub-ordinated to the Executive Council:

The Commission of Finance and Programmes
The Commission of Statues

General Secretariat

The Latin Union was directed by a Secretary-General appointed every four years by the Congress. The Secretary was in charge of the execution of the programmes and implemented the decisions made by the Congress and the Executive Council in the matter of budget and general direction. Jose Luis Dicenta Ballester was at one time Secretary-General of the Union.

Subordinated to the Secretary-General, there were 4 directors:

Director of Administration and Finance
Director of Culture and Communication
Director of Promotion and Education of the Languages
Director of Terminology and Industry of the Language

Finance

The finance of the Union was mainly supported by the obligatory contributions from the Member States. For some activities, the Union may have collaborated with other public or private institutions.

Map of Latin Union

References

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.unilat.org/SG/Etats_membres/fr |title=États membres |accessdate=2013-12-06 |publisher=Latin Union}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.unilat.org/SG/Organisation/Presentation/EtatsMembres/index.es.asp |title=Unión Latina; Estados miembros |accessdate=2009-01-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228203150/http://www.unilat.org/SG/Organisation/Presentation/EtatsMembres/index.es.asp |archivedate=2008-12-28 |df= }}
3. ^Latin Union Official Site {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512163034/http://www.unilat.org/SG/index.es.asp |date=2009-05-12 }}
4. ^"Disolución de la Secretaría General de la Unión Latina", Unión Latina, accessed 2012-06-10.

External links

{{es icon}} {{fr icon}} {{it icon}} {{pt icon}} {{ro icon}} {{ca icon}} Official site

词条	Latin Union
释义	Membership Official languages Organization Congress Executive Council General Secretariat Finance Map of Latin Union See also References External links {{Infobox geopolitical organization \|name = \|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center; \|title = {{big\|Latin Union}} \|liststyle = text-align:center; \|\|{{larger\|{{native name\|ca\|Unió Llatina}}}} \|{{larger\|{{native name\|fr\|Union Latine}}}} \|{{larger\|{{native name\|it\|Unione Latina}}}} \|{{larger\|{{native name\|pt\|União Latina}}}} \|{{larger\|{{native name\|ro\|Uniunea Latină}}}} \|{{larger\|{{native name\|es\|Unión Latina}}}} \|linking_name = the Latin Union \|symbol_type = Logo \|image_map = Union_Latine.svg \|admin_center_type = Headquarters \|admin_center = {{nowrap\|Paris, France}} \|coordinates = {{Coord\|48\|46\|N\|2\|11\|E\|type:city}} \|languages_type = Official languages \|languages ={{flatlist\| Spanish Catalan French Italian Portuguese Romanian \|membership_type = Members^[1] \|membership ={{flatlist\| Spanish: Bolivia · Chile · Colombia · Costa Rica · Cuba · Dominican Republic · Ecuador · El Salvador · Guatemala · Honduras · Nicaragua · Panama · Paraguay · Peru · Philippines · Spain · Uruguay · Venezuela French: Côte d'Ivoire · France · Haiti · Monaco · Senegal Italian: Italy · San Marino Portuguese: Angola · Brazil · Cape Verde · East Timor · Guinea-Bissau · Mozambique · Portugal · São Tomé and Príncipe Romanian: Moldova · Romania Catalan: Andorra Observers: Argentina · Holy See · Mexico · Sovereign Military Order of Malta}} \|ethnic_groups = \|ethnic_groups_year = \|leader_title1 = {{longitem\|President of the Congress}} \|leader_name1 = Oleg Serebrian \|leader_title2 = {{nowrap\|Secretary-General}} \|leader_name2 = José Luis Dicenta Ballester \|established = 15 May 1954 in Madrid, Spain \|official_website = {{URL\|www.unilat.org}} }} The Latin Union was an international organization of nations that used Romance languages that existed as a functional institution from 1983 to 2012. Its aim was to protect, project, and promote the common cultural heritage of Latin peoples and unifying identities of the Latin, and Latin-influenced, world. It was created in 1954 in Madrid, Spain, and its membership rose from 12 to 36 states, including countries in North America, South America, Europe, Africa, and the Asia-Pacific region.^[2] The official names of the Latin Union were: {{lang\|fr\|Union Latine}} in French, {{lang\|it\|Unione Latina}} in Italian, {{lang\|pt\|União Latina}} in Portuguese, {{lang\|ro\|Uniunea Latină}} in Romanian,{{lang\|es\|Unión Latina}} in Spanish, and {{lang\|ca\|Unió Llatina}} in Catalan.^[3] Due to financial difficulties, the Latin Union announced on 26 January 2012 the suspension of its activities, the dissolution of its Secretariat General (effective July 31, 2012) and termination of employment for all the organization's personnel.^[4] Membership {{see also\|Member states of the Latin Union}} According to the Latin Union's website, membership was open to any nation that met the following criteria: Linguistic criteria : Official language derived from Latin Latin-derived language used in education Latin-derived language commonly used in the mass media or in daily life Linguistic/cultural criteria : Existence of significant literature in a Latin-derived language Press and publication in Latin-derived language Television with a strong proportion of the programming in a Latin-derived language Radio widely broadcast in a Latin-derived language Cultural criteria : Direct or indirect inheritance of the legacy of Ancient Rome, to which the state remains faithful and which it perpetuates mainly through the education of Latin Cultural education of Latin-derived foreign languages Exchange programmes with other Latin countries Societal organization, particularly in the legal plane, based on respect for fundamental liberties, the general principles of human rights and democracy, tolerance, and freedom of religion Official languages The official languages of the Latin Union were Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, and Catalan. Spanish, French, Italian and Portuguese were used as working languages. All the texts of general diffusion were translated into these four languages, with some also going into Romanian and Catalan. Organization The Union was composed of three main bodies, namely, the Congress, the Executive Council, and the General Secretariat. Congress The Congress, which consisted of the representatives of all the Member States, met in ordinary assembly every two years. Its main functions were to adopt the budget, to define the general direction of the Union, to receive the new Member States formally, and to elect and appoint different Member States to be the Presidents, Vice-Presidents, and members of the sub-organisations of the Union. A President and two Vice-Presidents were also elected by the Congress. Oleg Serebrian from the Republic of Moldova was the last President. There were also two auxiliary bodies of the Congress, namely, the Commission of Adhesions and the Commission of Candidacies. The Commission of Adhesions was composed of 10 Member States and was responsible for promoting the adherence of all the Member States of the Union. The Commission of Candidacies was composed of 9 Member States and was responsible for examining the validity of the candidacies, taking account of the geographical and linguistic-cultural division. Executive Council The Executive Council was the executive branch of the Union. It consisted of 12 Member States, which were elected by the Congress every four years, and led by a President and two Vice-Presidents, which were also elected by the Congress. There were also two auxiliary commissions sub-ordinated to the Executive Council: The Commission of Finance and Programmes The Commission of Statues General Secretariat The Latin Union was directed by a Secretary-General appointed every four years by the Congress. The Secretary was in charge of the execution of the programmes and implemented the decisions made by the Congress and the Executive Council in the matter of budget and general direction. Jose Luis Dicenta Ballester was at one time Secretary-General of the Union. Subordinated to the Secretary-General, there were 4 directors: Director of Administration and Finance Director of Culture and Communication Director of Promotion and Education of the Languages Director of Terminology and Industry of the Language Finance The finance of the Union was mainly supported by the obligatory contributions from the Member States. For some activities, the Union may have collaborated with other public or private institutions. Map of Latin Union See also Association of Spanish Language Academies Community of Portuguese Language Countries Francophonie Hispanic Hispanidad Hispanoamérica Iberoamérica Latin America Latin Europe Latin Monetary Union Italic peoples Organization of Ibero-American States Panhispanism Pan-Latinism Romance languages Romance-speaking Africa Romance-speaking Europe Romance-speaking world References 1. ^{{cite web \|url=http://www.unilat.org/SG/Etats_membres/fr \|title=États membres \|accessdate=2013-12-06 \|publisher=Latin Union}} 2. ^{{cite web \|url=http://www.unilat.org/SG/Organisation/Presentation/EtatsMembres/index.es.asp \|title=Unión Latina; Estados miembros \|accessdate=2009-01-05 \|deadurl=yes \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228203150/http://www.unilat.org/SG/Organisation/Presentation/EtatsMembres/index.es.asp \|archivedate=2008-12-28 \|df= }} 3. ^Latin Union Official Site {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512163034/http://www.unilat.org/SG/index.es.asp \|date=2009-05-12 }} 4. ^"Disolución de la Secretaría General de la Unión Latina", Unión Latina, accessed 2012-06-10. External links {{es icon}} {{fr icon}} {{it icon}} {{pt icon}} {{ro icon}} {{ca icon}} Official site {{Countries and languages lists}}{{International organizations}} 14 : Intergovernmental organizations\|Latin America\|Spanish language\|French language\|Italian language\|Portuguese language\|Romanian language\|Country classifications\|Organizations established in 1954\|Romance countries and territories\|Latin Union\|Organizations based in Paris\|1954 establishments in Spain\|Catalan language
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