| 词条 | Latrodectus bishopi |
| 释义 |
| taxon = Latrodectus bishopi | name = Red widow spider | image = Latrodectus bishopi.jpg | image_caption = | authority = Kaston, 1938[1] }} Latrodectus bishopi is the scientific name for the red widow spider, which is endemic to certain habitats of central and southern Florida, where it lives primarily in sand dunes dominated by sand pine, Pinus clausa – a type of vegetation found only in peninsular Florida. DescriptionThe red widow, L. bishopi, has a red-orange cephalothorax, its abdomen is black with yellow rings outlining the rows of red spots and its legs are vermillion red. On its underside, it does not have the familiar hourglass marking and instead usually has one or two small red marks.[1] Females are almost double the size of the male.
TaxonomyThe species was first described in 1938 by B. J. Kaston as the variety bishopi of the species Latrodectus mactans.[1] The name bishopi honors Marshall B. Bishop who collected the specimens on which the description was based. Latrodectus bishopi was raised to a full species in 1964 by John D. McCrone and Herbert W. Levi.[1] It can be distinguished from L. mactans by features of the male and female genitalia: the embolus of the male palpal bulb has one fewer loop as do the connecting ducts leading to the female spermatheca.[10] Distribution and habitatL. bishopi is endemic to central and southern Florida. It is restricted to sand-pine scrub – inland areas of dry sand dunes dominated by sand pine, Pinus clausa. Within these areas, the species makes most of its webs in palmetto bushes (Serenoa repens and Sabal etonia) at heights of 30 cm or more above the ground.[10]References1. ^{{cite web |last1=Castner |first1=James |title=Black Widow Spider |url=http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/urban/spiders/black_widow_spider.htm |website=Featured Creatures |publisher=University of Florida |accessdate=20 September 2018}} [3][4][5][6]2. ^{{cite web |last1=Hollenbeck |first1=Jeff |title=Species Latrodectus bishopi - Red Widow |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/26290 |website=bugguide |publisher=Iowa State University |accessdate=20 September 2018}} 3. ^1 {{Cite journal |last1=McCrone |first1=J.D. |date=1964 |title=Comparative lethality of several Latrodectus venoms |journal=Toxicon |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=201–203 |doi=10.1016/0041-0101(64)90023-6 }} 4. ^1 2 {{Cite journal |last1=McCrone |first1=J.D. |last2=Levi |first2=H.W. |date=1964 |title=North American widow spiders of the Latrodectus curacaviensis group (Araneae: Theridiidae) |journal=Psyche |volume=71 |pages=12–27 |lastauthoramp=yes |doi=10.1155/1964/86469}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |title=Taxon details Latrodectus bishopi Kaston, 1938 |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/species/39039 |accessdate=2016-01-31 }} 6. ^1 {{cite web |title=Spider Conservation in the United States |publisher=University of Michigan |last1=Skerl |first1=Kevin|url=http://umich.edu/~esupdate/library/97.03-04/skerl.html |accessdate=2017-12-18 }} }} External links
6 : Latrodectus|Venomous spiders|Endemic fauna of Florida|Spiders of the United States|Endangered fauna of the United States|Spiders described in 1938 |
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