| 词条 | Lyford, Oxfordshire |
| 释义 |
|official_name= Lyford |static_image_name= Lyford StMary north.jpg |static_image_caption= St Mary the Virgin parish church, seen from the north |coordinates = {{coord|51.645|-1.438|display=inline,title}} |os_grid_reference= SU3994 |label_position= bottom |population= 44 |population_ref= (2001 Census) |civil_parish= Lyford |shire_district= Vale of White Horse |shire_county= Oxfordshire |region= South East England |country= England |post_town= Wantage |postcode_area= OX |postcode_district= OX12 |constituency_westminster= Wantage |website= }}Lyford is a village and civil parish on the River Ock about {{convert|4|mi}} north of Wantage. Historically it was part of the ecclesiastical parish of Hanney.[1] Lyford was part of Berkshire until the 1974 boundary changes transferred the Vale of White Horse to Oxfordshire. The 2001 Census recorded the parish's population as 44.[2] Lyford's toponym refers to a former ford the Ock, now replaced with a bridge on the road to Charney Bassett. "Ly" is derived from the Old English lin, meaning "flax". In 1034 it was recorded as Linford.{{sfn|Arkell|1942|p=6}} ManorsThere were two manor in Lyford: Lyford Manor and Lyford Grange. Lyford ManorThe manor of Lyford dates from at least AD 944, when Edmund I granted six hides of land there to one Ælfheah. The manor was enlarged by a grant of a further two hides of land by Canute the Great in 1034. The Domesday Book of 1086 records Lyford as Linford.[1] The present manor house was built in the latter part of the 16th century and extended in 1617.{{sfn|Pevsner|1966|p=173}} It is a Grade II* listed building.[3] Lyford GrangeLyford Grange, just east of the village, was originally a moated manor house of Abingdon Abbey built in a quadrangle. The present house was built between 1430 and 1480. It is timber-framed, with a post-and-truss roof{{sfn|Fletcher|1968|p=76}} including one queen post. It is a Grade II* listed building.[4] In the reign of Elizabeth I the Grange belonged to a recusant family, the Yates, who harboured a community of Bridgettine nuns.[1] In 1581 the house was searched, three priests were eventually found and arrested by the government agent, George Eliot: Thomas Ford, John Colleton and the renowned Jesuit, Edmund Campion.[5] They were subsequently tried and martyred.[1][6] The Mass is held annually in the village in commemoration of this event.[6] The raid and martyrdoms did not stop recusancy at Lyford. In 1690 an informer reported that a small estate in the parish had been reserved to build a nunnery "when Popish times should come".[1][7] Parish churchThe Church of England parish church of St Mary the Virgin was built as a chapelry of Hanney in the first half of the 13th century.[1] There is a Mass dial scratched on the south wall. The wooden bell-turret was added in the 15th century,[1] has a scissor-braced timber frame and three bells. The Perpendicular Gothic{{sfn|Pevsner|1966|p=172}} clerestory was added either at the same time or early in the 16th century.[1] The church was restored in 1875 under the direction of the Gothic revival architect Ewan Christian. It is a Grade II* listed building.[8] St Mary's parish is now part of the United Benefice of Cherbury with Gainfield.[9] Rev. Michael Camilleri (circa 1814–1903), sometime vicar of Lyford, translated the New Testament into Maltese.{{citation needed |date=January 2011}} Social and economic historyIn the early 1960s the digging of a soakaway in a cottage garden opposite the vicarage unearthed a small pottery bottle from the late 13th or early 14th century, and a bronze scale-pan.{{sfn|Sturdy|Case|1963|p=90}} An open field system of farming continued in the parish until Parliament passed an Inclosure Act for Lyford in 1801.[1] AlmshousesOliver Ashcombe founded Lyford almshouses in 1611. The present quadrangle of brick-built almshouses and a chapel appear to be 18th century.[1]{{sfn|Pevsner|1966|p=173}} The quadrangle was completed as 20 houses, which were still tenanted as such in the early 1920s.[1] More recently they have been combined as eight larger units.[9] Air crashOn 8 April 1945 an Avro Lancaster B.I Special bomber aircraft, HK788 of No. 9 Squadron RAF based at Bardney in Lincolnshire, had taken part in a raid on a benzole factory in mainland Europe. On its return flight the plane caught fire and crashed in a field barely {{convert|400|yard}} south of the parish church and Manor Farm.[10] All seven aircrew were killed. Six were members of the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve. The seventh was a warrant officer from the Royal Canadian Air Force. All are buried in the Commonwealth War Graves section of Botley Cemetery on the outskirts of Oxford.[10] In October 2008 the widow of one of the crew provided a plaque commemorating the seven dead. It was installed in St Mary the Virgin parish church, where the actor Richard Briers attended the ceremony[11] and read Noël Coward's poem Lie in the Dark and Listen.[10][12] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{harvnb|Page|Ditchfield|1924|p=285–294}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/viewFullDataset.do?instanceSelection=03070&productId=779&$ph=60_61&datasetInstanceId=3070&startColumn=1&numberOfColumns=4&containerAreaId=790499 |title=Area selected: Vale of White Horse (Non-Metropolitan District) |work=Neighbourhood Statistics: Full Dataset View |publisher=Office for National Statistics |accessdate=30 March 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622111457/http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/viewFullDataset.do?instanceSelection=03070&productId=779&$ph=60_61&datasetInstanceId=3070&startColumn=1&numberOfColumns=4&containerAreaId=790499 |archivedate=22 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }} 3. ^{{NHLE |num=1048351 |desc=Manor Farmhouse and attached wall |grade=II* |accessdate=2 July 2015}} 4. ^{{NHLE |num=1283468 |desc=Lyford Grange |grade=II* |accessdate=13 November 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.berkshirehistory.com/articles/campion_lyford.html |title=The Arrest of St. Edmund Campion |last=Ford |first=David Nash |year=2011 |work=Royal Berkshire History |publisher=Nash Ford Publishing |accessdate=22 January 2011}} 6. ^1 {{harvnb|Foley|1877|pp=279, 280, 284}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Original record of court proceedings (National Archive E126/14)|url=http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT6/E126/E126no14/IMG_0022.htm|website=Anglo-American Legal Tradition website}} 8. ^{{NHLE |num=1199327 |desc=Church of St Mary, The Green |grade=II* |accessdate=13 November 2015}} 9. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.achurchnearyou.com/benefice.php?B=27/106CK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090916004723/http://www.achurchnearyou.com/benefice.php?B=27/106CK |dead-url=yes |archive-date=16 September 2009 |author=Archbishops' Council |title=Benefice of Cherbury with Gainfield |work=A Church Near You |publisher=Church of England |accessdate=2 July 2015 }} 10. ^1 2 {{cite web |url= http://aircrewremembered.com/jeffs-alfred.html |title=07/08.04.1945 No, 9 Squadron Lancaster I HK788 WS-E F/O. Jeffs |work=Archive Report: Allied Forces |publisher=Aircrew Remembered |accessdate=13 November 2015}} 11. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.lincsaviation.co.uk/news/latest-news/richard-briers.htm |title=Richard Briers |work=Latest News |publisher=Lincolnshire Aviation Heritage Centre |accessdate=13 November 2015}} 12. ^{{cite web |url= http://aircrewremembered.com/lie-in-the-dark-and-listen.html |last=Coward |first=Noël |authorlink=Noël Coward |title=Lie in the Dark and Listen |work=Poetry of Direct Personal Experience |publisher=Aircrew Remembered |accessdate=13 November 2015}} Sources
External links{{commonscat}}
2 : Civil parishes in Oxfordshire|Villages in Oxfordshire |
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