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词条 Lauren Bacall
释义

  1. Early life

  2. Early career and modeling

  3. Hollywood

     1950s  1960s and 1970s 

  4. Later career

  5. Personal life

     Relationships and family  Political views 

  6. Death

  7. Filmography

  8. Radio appearances

  9. Accolades

  10. Books

  11. In popular culture

     Film  Animation  Music  Books  Marshall Islands namesake 

  12. See also

  13. Notes

  14. References

  15. Sources

  16. External links

{{short description|American actress}}{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2017}}{{Infobox person
| image = Lauren Bacall 1945 press photo.jpg
| caption = Bacall in 1945
| birth_name = Betty Joan Perske
| birth_date = {{birth date|1924|9|16}}
| birth_place = The Bronx, New York City, U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|2014|8|12|1924|9|16}}
| death_place = Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
| resting_place = Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale
| party = Democratic
| occupation = {{Flatlist|
  • Actress
  • model

}}
| spouse = {{unbulleted list|{{marriage|Humphrey Bogart|1945|1957|end=died}}|{{marriage|Jason Robards|1961|1969|end=div}}}}
| children = 3, including Sam Robards
| years active = 1942–2014
| signature = LaurenBacall.png
}}Lauren Bacall ({{IPAc-en|b|ə|ˈ|k|ɔː|l}}, born Betty Joan Perske; September 16, 1924 – August 12, 2014) was an American actress known for her distinctive voice and sultry looks. She was named the 20th greatest female star of classic Hollywood cinema by the American Film Institute and received an Academy Honorary Award from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences in 2009 "in recognition of her central place in the Golden Age of motion pictures".[1]

Bacall began her career as a model[2] before making her film debut as a leading lady in To Have and Have Not (1944). She continued in the film noir genre with appearances with Humphrey Bogart in The Big Sleep (1946), Dark Passage (1947), and Key Largo (1948), and she starred in the romantic comedies How to Marry a Millionaire (1953) with Marilyn Monroe and Betty Grable, and Designing Woman (1957) with Gregory Peck. She co-starred with John Wayne in his final film The Shootist (1976) by Wayne's personal request. She also worked on Broadway in musicals, earning Tony Awards for Applause (1970) and Woman of the Year (1981). She won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for an Academy Award for her performance in The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996).

Early life

Bacall was born Betty Joan Perske on September 16, 1924, in The Bronx, New York City,{{efn|In a 1995 interview with Jeremy Isaacs, Bacall claimed to have never lived in the Bronx,[3] though numerous sources state that she was born in the borough.[4][5][6]}} the only child of Natalie (née Weinstein; 1901–1977), a secretary who later legally changed her surname to Bacal, and William Perske (1889–1982), who worked in sales.[7] Both her parents were Jewish. According to Bacall, her mother emigrated from Iași, the Kingdom of Romania, through Ellis Island, and her father was born in New Jersey to parents who were born in Valozhyn, a significant center of Jewish life, in present-day Belarus, then in the Russian Empire.[8]

According to her 2005 memoir, Bacall's family moved soon after her birth to Brooklyn's Ocean Parkway.[8][9] However, her identification of the street may be incorrect, since the 1930 US Census shows her living at 1947 Ocean Avenue, a parallel street 14 blocks further east, and not Ocean Parkway. [10] She was educated with the financial support of her wealthy uncles at a private boarding school founded by philanthropist Eugene Heitler Lehman, named The Highland Manor Boarding School for Girls,[11] in Tarrytown, New York, and at Julia Richman High School in Manhattan.[12]

Her parents divorced when she was five; she later took the Romanian form of her mother's last name, Bacall.[13] She no longer saw her father and formed a very close bond with her mother, who remarried Lee Goldberg and came to live in California after Bacall became a movie star.[14][15]

Through her father, she was a relative of Shimon Peres (born Szymon Perski), the eighth Prime Minister of Israel and ninth President of Israel.[16][17][18] Peres has stated, "In 1952 or 1953, I came to New York... Lauren Bacall called me, said that she wanted to meet, and we did. We sat and talked about where our families came from, and discovered that we were from the same family... but I'm not exactly sure what our relation is... It was she who later said that she was my cousin; I didn't say that".[16]

Early career and modeling

In 1941, Bacall took lessons at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York, where she was classmates with Kirk Douglas,[19] while working as a theatre usher at the St. James Theatre and fashion model.[4]

She made her acting debut on Broadway in 1942, at age 17, as a walk-on in Johnny 2 X 4. By then, she lived with her mother at 75 Bank Street, and in 1942, she was crowned Miss Greenwich Village.[20]

As a teenage fashion model, she appeared on the cover of Harper's Bazaar, as well as in magazines such as Vogue.[15] She was noted for her "cat-like grace, tawny blonde hair, and blue-green eyes".[21]

Though Diana Vreeland is often credited with discovering Bacall for Harper's Bazaar, it was in fact Nicolas de Gunzburg who introduced the 18-year-old to Vreeland. He had first met Bacall at Tony's, a club in the East 50s. De Gunzburg suggested that Bacall stop by his Bazaar office the next day. He then turned over his find to Vreeland, who arranged for Louise Dahl-Wolfe to shoot Bacall in Kodachrome for the March 1943 cover.[22]

The Harper's Bazaar cover caught the attention of Hollywood producer and director Howard Hawks' wife Slim,[23] who urged Hawks to have Bacall take a screen test for To Have and Have Not. Hawks asked his secretary to find out more about her, but the secretary misunderstood and sent Bacall a ticket to come to Hollywood for the audition.[24]

Hollywood

After meeting Bacall in Hollywood, Hawks immediately signed her to a seven-year contract, with a weekly salary of $100, and personally began to manage her career. He changed her first name to Lauren, and she chose "Bacall" (a variant of her mother's maiden name) as her screen surname. Slim Hawks also took Bacall under her wing,[25] dressing Bacall stylishly and guiding her in matters of elegance, manners, and taste. At Hawks' suggestion, Bacall was also trained to make her voice lower and deeper, instead of her normal high-pitched, nasal voice. Hawks had her, under the tutelage of a voice coach, lower the pitch of her voice.[26] As part of her training, she was required to shout verses of Shakespeare for hours every day.[25][27] Her height, at 5 feet 8½ inches (1.74 m),[33] unusual among young actresses in the 1940s and 1950s, also helped her stand out. Her voice was characterized as a "smoky, sexual growl" by most critics,[33] and a "throaty purr".[26]

During her screen tests for To Have and Have Not (1944), Bacall was so nervous that, to minimize her quivering, she pressed her chin against her chest, faced the camera, and tilted her eyes upward.[28] This effect, which came to be known as "The Look", became another Bacall trademark, along with her sultry voice.[29]

Bacall's character in the film used Slim Hawks' nickname "Slim", and Bogart used Howard Hawks' nickname "Steve". The on-set chemistry between the two was immediate, according to Bacall.[8] She and Bogart (who was married at the time to Mayo Methot) began a romantic relationship several weeks into shooting.[23]

Bacall's role in the script was originally much smaller, but during filming, her part was revised multiple times to extend it into the lead part that it became in the released film.[40] Once released, To Have and Have Not catapulted Bacall into instant stardom, and her performance became the cornerstone of her star image, the impact of which extended into popular culture at large, even influencing fashion,[30] as well as film-makers and other actors.[31]

Warner Bros. launched an extensive marketing campaign to promote the picture and to establish Bacall as a movie star. As part of the public relations push, Bacall made a visit to the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., on February 10, 1945. It was there that Bacall's press agent, chief of publicity at Warner Bros. Charlie Enfield, asked the 20-year-old Bacall to sit on the piano while U.S. Vice President Harry S. Truman played.[32][33]

After To Have and Have Not, Bacall was seen opposite Charles Boyer in Confidential Agent (1945), which was poorly received by critics. By her own estimation, it could have caused considerable damage to her career, had her performance as the mysterious, acid-tongued Vivian Rutledge in Hawks's film noir The Big Sleep (1946), co-starring Bogart, not provided a quick career resurgence.{{sfn|Bacall|2005|p=166}}

The Big Sleep laid the foundation for her status as an icon of film noir. She would be strongly associated with the genre for the rest of her career,[34][35][36] and would often be cast as variations of the independent and sultry femme fatale character of Vivian she played in the movie. As described by film scholar Joe McElhaney, "Vivian displays an almost total command of movement and gesture. She never crawls."[37]

Bacall was cast with Bogart in two more films. In Dark Passage (1947), another film noir, she played an enigmatic San Francisco artist. "Miss Bacall{{nbsp}}... generates quite a lot of pressure as a sharp-eyed, knows-what-she-wants girl", wrote Bosley Crowther of The New York Times of her performance.[38] And, in 1948, she was in John Huston's melodramatic suspense film Key Largo with Bogart and Edward G. Robinson. In the film, according to film critic Jessica Kiang, "Bacall brings an edge of ambivalence and independence to the role that makes her character much more interesting than was written".[39]

1950s

Bacall turned down scripts she did not find interesting, and thereby earned a reputation for being difficult. Despite this, she further solidified her star status in the 1950s by appearing as the leading lady in a string of films that won favorable reviews.

Bacall was cast opposite Gary Cooper in Bright Leaf (1950). In the same year, she played a two-faced femme fatale in Young Man with a Horn (1950), a jazz musical co-starring Kirk Douglas, Doris Day, and Hoagy Carmichael.

During 1951–1952, Bacall co-starred with Bogart in the syndicated action-adventure radio series Bold Venture.[40]

In 1953, she starred in the CinemaScope comedy How to Marry a Millionaire, a runaway hit among critics and at the box office.[41] Directed by Jean Negulesco and co-starring Marilyn Monroe and Betty Grable, Bacall got positive notices for her turn as the witty gold-digger, Schatze Page.[42] "First honors in spreading mirth go to Miss Bacall", wrote Alton Cook in the New York World-Telegram & Sun. "The most intelligent and predatory of the trio, she takes complete control of every scene with her acid delivery of viciously witty lines."[43]

After the success of How to Marry a Millionaire, she was offered, but declined, with Bogart's support, the coveted invitation from Grauman's Chinese Theatre to press her hand- and footprints in the theatre's cemented forecourt. She felt at the time that "anyone with a picture opening could be represented there, standards had been so lowered" and didn't feel she had yet achieved the status of a major star, and was thereby unworthy of the honor:[44] "I want to feel I've earned my place with the best my business has produced."[8]{{rp|236}}

At the time, Bacall was still under contract to 20th Century Fox.[43] Following How to Marry a Millionaire, she appeared in yet another CinemaScope comedy directed by Jean Negulesco, Woman's World (1954), which failed to match its predecessor's success at the box office.[45][46]

In 1955 a television version of Bogart's breakthrough film, The Petrified Forest, was performed as a live installment of Producers' Showcase, a weekly dramatic anthology, featuring Bogart as Duke Mantee, Henry Fonda as Alan, and Bacall as Gabrielle, the part originally played in the 1936 movie by Bette Davis. Bogart had originally played the part on Broadway with the subsequent movie's star Leslie Howard, who had secured a film career for Bogart by insisting that Warner Bros. cast him in the movie instead of Edward G. Robinson; Bogart and Bacall named their daughter "Leslie Howard Bogart" in gratitude.

In the late 1990s, Bacall donated the only known kinescope of the 1955 performance to The Museum Of Television & Radio (now the Paley Center for Media), where it remains archived for viewing in New York City and Los Angeles.[47]

In 1955, Bacall starred in two feature films, The Cobweb and Blood Alley. Directed by Vincente Minnelli, The Cobweb takes place at a mental institution in which Bacall's character works as a therapist. It was her second collaboration with Charles Boyer and also starred Richard Widmark and Lillian Gish. "In the only two really sympathetic roles, Mr. Widmark is excellent and Miss Bacall shrewdly underplays", wrote The New York Times.[48]

Many film scholars consider Written on the Wind, directed by Douglas Sirk in 1956, to be a landmark work in the melodrama genre.[49] Appearing with Rock Hudson, Dorothy Malone and Robert Stack, Bacall played a career woman whose life is unexpectedly turned around by a family of oil magnates. Bacall wrote in her autobiography that she did not think much of the role, but reviews were favorable. Wrote Variety, "Bacall registers strongly as a sensible girl swept into the madness of the oil family".[50]

While struggling at home with Bogart's battle with esophageal cancer, Bacall starred with Gregory Peck in Designing Woman to solid reviews.[51] The musical comedy was her second feature with director Vincente Minnelli and was released in New York on May 16, 1957, four months after Bogart's death on January 14.[8]

Bacall appeared in two more films in the 1950s: the Jean Negulesco-directed melodrama The Gift of Love (1958), which co-starred Robert Stack; and the adventure film North West Frontier (1959), which was a box office hit.[52]

1960s and 1970s

Bacall was seen in only a handful of films in the 1960s. She starred on Broadway in Goodbye, Charlie in 1959, and went on to have a successful on-stage career in Cactus Flower (1965), Applause (1970), and Woman of the Year (1981). She won Tony Awards for her performances in the latter two.[53]

Applause was a musical version of the film All About Eve, in which Bette Davis had starred as stage diva Margo Channing. According to Bacall's autobiography, she and a girlfriend won an opportunity in 1940 to meet her idol Bette Davis at Davis' hotel.[8] Years later, Davis visited Bacall backstage to congratulate her on her performance in Applause. Davis told Bacall, "You're the only one who could have played the part."[54]

The few films Bacall made during this period were all-star vehicles such as Sex and the Single Girl (1964) with Henry Fonda, Tony Curtis, and Natalie Wood; Harper (1966) with Paul Newman, Shelley Winters, Julie Harris, Robert Wagner, and Janet Leigh; and Murder on the Orient Express (1974), with Ingrid Bergman, Albert Finney, Vanessa Redgrave, Martin Balsam, and Sean Connery.

In 1964 she appeared in two episodes of Craig Stevens's Mr. Broadway: first in "Take a Walk Through a Cemetery", with then husband, Jason Robards, Jr., and later as Barbara Lake in the episode "Something to Sing About", co-starring future co-star Balsam.[55]

For her work in the Chicago theatre, Bacall won the Sarah Siddons Award in 1972, and again in 1984.

In 1976, she co-starred with John Wayne in The Shootist. The two became friends, despite significant political differences between them.[8] They had also worked together in Blood Alley (1955).[56]

Later career

In 1981, Bacall appeared in star vehicle The Fan. The film received mixed reviews, but her performance got a favorable reception.[57] Variety Magazine wrote that Bacall and director Edward Bianchi "make the audience care what happens" to her character.[58]

Bacall was featured in Robert Altman's Health (1980) and Michael Winner's Appointment with Death (1988). In 1990, she had a small role in Misery which starred Kathy Bates and James Caan.

In 1997, she was nominated for a Best Supporting Actress Academy Award for her role in The Mirror Has Two Faces (1996), her first nomination after a career span of more than 50 years.[59] She had already won a Golden Globe and was widely expected to win the Oscar, but she lost to Juliette Binoche for The English Patient.[60]

Bacall received the Kennedy Center Honors in 1997,[61] and she was voted one of the 25 most significant female movie stars in history in 1999 by the American Film Institute. Her movie career saw something of a renaissance, and she attracted respectful notices for her performances in high-profile projects such as Dogville (2003) and Birth (2004), both with Nicole Kidman, and in Howl's Moving Castle (2004) as the Witch of the Waste. She was a leading actress in Paul Schrader's The Walker (2007).[62]

In 1999, Bacall starred on Broadway in a revival of Noël Coward's Waiting in the Wings.[63] Her commercial ventures in the 2000s included being a spokesman for the Tuesday Morning discount chain and producing a jewelry line with the Weinman Brothers. She was also a celebrity spokesman for High Point coffee and Fancy Feast cat food. In March 2006, she was at the 78th Annual Academy Awards introducing a film montage dedicated to film noir. She made a cameo appearance as herself on The Sopranos in the April 2006 episode "Luxury Lounge", during which she was mugged by Christopher Moltisanti (Michael Imperioli).[64]

In September 2006, Bryn Mawr College awarded Bacall their Katharine Hepburn Medal, which recognizes "women whose lives, work, and contributions embody the intelligence, drive, and independence" of Hepburn.[65] She gave an address at the memorial service of Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. at the Reform Club in London in June 2007.[66] She finished her role in The Forger in 2009.[67] The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences gave her an Honorary Academy Award at the inaugural Governors Awards on November 14, 2009.[68]

In July 2013, Bacall expressed interest in the film Trouble Is My Business.[69] In November, she joined the English dub voice cast for StudioCanal's animated film Ernest & Celestine.[70] Her final role was in 2014, a guest vocal appearance in the Family Guy episode "Mom's the Word".[71]

Personal life

Relationships and family

On May 21, 1945, Bacall married Humphrey Bogart. Their wedding and honeymoon took place at Malabar Farm, Lucas, Ohio, the country home of Pulitzer Prize-winning author Louis Bromfield, a close friend of Bogart.[88] The wedding was held in the Big House.[72]

Their marriage ended with Bogart's death in 1957. Pressed by interviewer Michael Parkinson to talk about her marriage to Bogart, and asked about her notable reluctance to do so, she replied that "being a widow is not a profession".[73] During the filming of The African Queen (1951), Bacall and Bogart became friends with Katharine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy. She began to mix in non-acting circles, becoming friends with the historian Arthur Schlesinger Jr. and the journalist Alistair Cooke. In 1952, she gave campaign speeches for Democratic presidential contender Adlai Stevenson. Along with other Hollywood figures, Bacall was a staunch opponent of McCarthyism.[74][75]

Bacall had a relationship with Frank Sinatra. During an interview with Turner Classic Movies's Robert Osborne, Bacall stated that she had ended the romance, but, in her autobiography, she wrote that Sinatra ended the relationship abruptly after becoming upset that the story of his marriage proposal to Bacall had reached the press. When Bacall was out with her friend Irving Paul Lazar, they encountered the gossip columnist Louella Parsons, to whom Lazar revealed the details of the proposal.[76]

Bacall then met and began a relationship with Jason Robards. Their marriage was originally scheduled to take place in Vienna, Austria, on June 16, 1961;[77] however, the plans were shelved after Austrian authorities refused to grant the pair a marriage license.[78] They were refused a marriage also in Las Vegas, Nevada.[79] On July 4, 1961, the couple drove all the way to Ensenada, Mexico, where they wed.[79][80] The couple divorced in 1969. According to Bacall's autobiography, she divorced Robards mainly because of his alcoholism.{{sfn|Bacall|2005|page=377}}[99]

Bacall had two children with Bogart and one with Robards. Son Stephen Humphrey Bogart (born January 6, 1949) is a news producer, documentary film maker, and author who is named after Bogart's character in To Have and Have Not.[88] Their daughter Leslie Howard Bogart (born August 23, 1952) is named after actor Leslie Howard. A nurse and yoga instructor, she is married to Erich Schiffmann.[88] In his 1995 memoir, Stephen Bogart wrote, "My mother was a lapsed Jew, and my father was a lapsed Episcopalian", and that he and his sister were raised Episcopalian "because my mother felt that would make life easier for Leslie and me during those post-World War II years".[88] Sam Robards (born December 16, 1961), Bacall's son with Robards, is an actor.

Bacall wrote two autobiographies, Lauren Bacall by Myself (1978) and Now (1994).[81][82] In 2006, the first volume of Lauren Bacall by Myself was reprinted as By Myself and Then Some with an extra chapter.[83]

Political views

Bacall was a staunch liberal Democrat, and proclaimed her political views on numerous occasions.[88] Bacall and Bogart were among about 80 Hollywood personalities to send a telegram protesting the House Un-American Activities Committee's investigations of Americans suspected of Communism. The telegram said that investigating individuals' political beliefs violated the basic principles of American democracy.[88] In October 1947, Bacall and Bogart traveled to Washington, D.C., along with a number of other Hollywood stars in a group that called itself the Committee for the First Amendment (CFA), which also included Danny Kaye, John Garfield, Gene Kelly, John Huston, Ira Gershwin and Jane Wyatt.[88]

She appeared alongside Humphrey Bogart in a photograph printed at the end of an article he wrote, titled "I'm No Communist", in the May 1948 edition of Photoplay magazine,[84] written to counteract negative publicity resulting from his appearance before the House Committee. Bogart and Bacall distanced themselves from the Hollywood Ten, and said: "We're about as much in favor of Communism as J. Edgar Hoover."[85][86]

Bacall campaigned for Democratic candidate Adlai Stevenson in the 1952 presidential election, accompanying him on motorcades along with Bogart, and flying east to help in the final laps of Stevenson's campaign in New York and Chicago.[88] She also campaigned for Robert Kennedy in his 1964 run for the U.S. Senate.[87]

In a 2005 interview with Larry King, Bacall described herself as "anti-Republican... A liberal. The L-word". She added that "being a liberal is the best thing on Earth you can be. You are welcoming to everyone when you're a liberal. You do not have a small mind."[88]

Death

Bacall died on August 12, 2014, one month before her 90th birthday, at her longtime apartment in The Dakota, the Upper West Side building near Central Park in Manhattan.[89] According to her grandson Jamie Bogart, Bacall died after suffering a massive stroke.[2] She was confirmed dead at New York–Presbyterian Hospital.[90][91] She is interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.

Bacall had an estimated $26.6 million estate. In her will, the bulk of her estate was divided among her three children: Leslie Bogart, Stephen Humphrey Bogart, and Sam Robards. Bacall also left $10,000 to her youngest son, Sam Robards, to take care of her dog, Sophie. She also gave money to two of her employees, Ilsa Hernandez and Maria Santos; Hernandez received $15,000 while Santos received $20,000. Additionally, Bacall left $250,000 each to her youngest grandsons, the sons of Sam Robards, for college.[92] She owned artworks by a number of artists, including John James Audubon, Max Ernst, David Hockney, Henry Moore, and Jim Dine.[93]

In a 1996 interview, Bacall, reflecting on her life, told the interviewer that she had been lucky: "I had one great marriage, I have three great children and four grandchildren. I am still alive. I still can function. I still can work", adding, "You just learn to cope with whatever you have to cope with. I spent my childhood in New York, riding on subways and buses. And you know what you learn if you're a New Yorker? The world doesn't owe you a damn thing."[89][94]

Filmography

{{main|Lauren Bacall on screen and stage}}

Radio appearances

Year Program Episode/source
1946 Lux Radio Theatre To Have and Have Not[95]
1951–52 Bold Venture Entire series

Accolades

{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Lauren Bacall}}

Books

  • By Myself (1978)
  • Now (1994)
  • By Myself and Then Some (2005)

In popular culture

Film

  • The 1980 television film, Bogie, directed by Vincent Sherman and based on a book by Joe Hyams, tells the story of Bogart meeting Bacall while making To Have and Have Not in 1943, and beginning the affair with her that led to the dissolution of Bogart's marriage to Mayo Methot.[96] Bacall is portrayed by Kathryn Harrold in the film, Kevin O'Connor plays Bogart, and Methot is played by Ann Wedgeworth.[97]

Animation

  • Bacall and Bogart are parodied in the Warner Brothers Merrie Melodies shorts Bacall to Arms (1946).[98] and Slick Hare (1947).

Music

  • She is referenced in the song "Rainbow High" from the musical Evita. ("So Lauren Bacall me") (1978)
  • Bacall and Bogart are referenced in Bertie Higgins' song "Key Largo" (1981).[99]
  • Bacall is referenced in The Clash's song "Car Jamming" (1982).[99]
  • Bacall and Bogart are referenced in Suzanne Vega's song "Freeze Tag" (1985).[99]
  • She is referenced in "Vogue" the 1990 Madonna song. Bacall was the last to die of the mentioned celebrities.[99]
  • She is the subject of the song, "Just Like Lauren Bacall" (2008), written by Kevin Roth.[99]
  • She is referenced in the song, "You, Jane" (2012) by The Wedding Present.
  • Bacall and Bogart are referenced as "Bacall and Bogie" in Bon Jovi's song "Captain Crash & The Beauty Queen From Mars", at the end of the song, on their 2000 album Crush.

Books

  • Bacall and her Manhattan apartment are featured in The Dakota Scrapbook (2014), a photo-journalism volume on the history of the Dakota apartment building in New York City, and its famous residents over the years.[100]
  • In the novel Forgive Me, Leonard Peacock, a character named Lauren is often recognized by the protagonist, Leonard, as having a striking resemblance to Lauren Bacall.[101]

Marshall Islands namesake

  • The town of Laura—on the island of Majuro in the Marshall Islands—is one of several island towns code-named after famous pinups by WWII U.S. forces.[102]

See also

{{Wikipedia books}}
  • Bogart and Bacall
  • Bogart–Bacall syndrome
  • List of actors with Academy Award nominations
  • List of actors with Hollywood Walk of Fame motion picture stars

Notes

1. ^{{cite web| title=82nd Academy Awards Memorable Moments| url=https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/82nd-academy-awards-memorable-moments| publisher=Oscars| accessdate=December 27, 2017| date=2009}}
2. ^1 {{cite news| first=Dana| last=Ford| title=Famed actress Lauren Bacall dies at 89| url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/12/showbiz/lauren-bacall-dead| publisher=CNN| accessdate=August 13, 2014| date=August 12, 2014}}
3. ^{{cite interview|last=Bacall|first=Lauren|interviewer=Jeremy Isaacs|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/p00nxqbq/the-late-show-face-to-face-lauren-bacall|publisher=BBC|title=Face to Face: Lauren Bacall|work=The Late Show|date=March 20, 1995}}
4. ^1 {{cite news| work=CNN Library| title=Lauren Bacall Fast Facts| url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/24/us/lauren-bacall-fast-facts/index.html| accessdate=August 13, 2014| date=August 12, 2014}}
5. ^{{cite web| title=To Have and Have Not| last=Tyrnauer| first=Matt| date=March 10, 2011| work=Vanity Fair| accessdate=October 15, 2011| url=http://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/features/2011/03/lauren-bacall-201103}}
6. ^{{cite web|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/bacall-hollywood-legend-who-lived-a-new-yorkers-life-1407982481|title=Lauren Bacall: Hollywood Legend Who Lived a New Yorker's Life|author=West, Melanie Grayce|date=August 13, 2014}} {{closed access}}
7. ^Lauren Bacall profile, Film Reference.com; retrieved July 9, 2014.
8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Bacall, Lauren. By Myself and Then Some, HarperCollins, New York, 2005. {{ISBN|0-06-075535-0}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/11/nyregion/11journal.html|title=A Tree-Lined Boulevard That's a Park and a Living Room|last=Fahim|first=Kareem|date=October 10, 2008|postscript=- referencing "By Myself and Then Some".|accessdate=September 2, 2014|work=The New York Times}}
10. ^United States of America, Bureau of the Census. Fifteenth Census of the United States, 1930. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1930
11. ^{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=08UJ6rXvaykC&pg=PA96&lpg=PA96#v=onepage| title=West Long Branch Revisited| work=Images of America| first=Helen-Chantal| last=Pike| date=February 12, 2007| publisher=Arcadia Publishing Co.| isbn=978-0738549033}}
12. ^{{cite news| title=Sultry, sophisticated and sassy, screen siren Bacall dies at 89| url=http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/sultry-sophisticated-and-sassy-screen-siren-bacall-dies-at-89-30507516.html#sthash.qB0TCDBj.dpuf| date=August 14, 2014| work=Irish Independent}}
13. ^{{cite book| last=Meyers| first=Jeffrey| date=April 18, 1997| title=Bogart: A Life in Hollywood| publisher=Houghton Mifflin| isbn=978-0-395-77399-4| page=164}}
14. ^{{cite journal| title=Lauren Bacall on Life, Acting, and Bogie| last=Cantrell| first=Susan| date=July 19, 2009| work=Carmel| accessdate=January 2, 2015| url=http://www.carmelmagazine.com/archive/09sp/lauren-bacall.shtml}}
15. ^1 {{cite journal| last=Wickware| first=Francis Sill| title=Profile of Lauren Bacall| pages=100–106| volume=18| work=LIFE| date=May 7, 1945| issn=0024-3019| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8UkEAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=lauren%20bacall}}
16. ^1 {{cite news| url=http://www.haaretz.com/life/movies-television/.premium-1.610399| title=Shimon Peres remembers 'very strong, very beautiful' relative Lauren Bacall| work=Haaretz| first=Nirit| last=Anderman| date=August 13, 2014| location=Tel Aviv}}
17. ^{{cite web| title=Peres: Not such a bad record after all| last=Lazaroff| first=Tovah| date=November 10, 2005| accessdate=May 13, 2009| work=The Jerusalem Post| url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=4397}}
18. ^{{cite web| title=Shimon Peres Wears Hats of Peacemaker, Schemer| last=Weiner| first=Eric| date=June 13, 2007| publisher=NPR| accessdate=May 13, 2009| url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=11020066}}
19. ^{{cite book| last=Thomas| first=Tony| title=The Films of Kirk Douglas| publisher=Citadel Press| location=New York| year=1991| isbn=978-0806512174| page=18| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6neu4_y238C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=lauren%20bacall}}
20. ^{{cite web| title=Lauren Bacall Biography & Filmography| url=http://matineeclassics.com/celebrities/actors/lauren_bacall/details| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719093910/http://matineeclassics.com/celebrities/actors/lauren_bacall/details/| dead-url=yes| archive-date=2014-07-19| publisher=Matinee Classics| accessdate=September 3, 2014| date=2010}}
21. ^{{cite journal| title=Lauren Bacall| work=LIFE| date=January 19, 1948| volume=24| number=3| page=43}}
22. ^{{cite web| first=Amy Fine| last=Collins| title=A Taste for Living| url=http://www.vanityfair.com/style/2014/09/niki-de-gunzburg-profile| work=Vanity Fair| accessdate=August 24, 2014| date=September 2014}}
23. ^1 {{cite news| first=David| last=Thomson| title=Lauren Bacall: The souring of a Hollywood legend| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/lauren-bacall-the-souring-of-a-hollywood-legend-6161923.html| work=The Independent |accessdate=January 2, 2015| date=September 11, 2004}}
24. ^{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZBPHL2sQ3JoC&printsec=frontcover#v=snippet&q=hawks%20bacall| authorlink=Peter Bogdanovich| first=Peter| last=Bogdanovich| title=Who the Devil Made It| page=327| date=March 11, 1997| publisher=Knopf| accessdate=January 2, 2015| isbn=978-0679447061}}
25. ^1 {{cite book| first1=Ann M.| last1=Sperber| authorlink1= Ann M. Sperber|first2=Eric| last2=Lax|authorlink2=Eric Lax |title=Bogart| date=April 1997|publisher=Morrow| location=New York| isbn=978-0688075392| page=246| subscription=yes| url=https://www.amazon.com/Bogart-Ann-Sperber/dp/0062107364/| accessdate=January 2, 2015}}
26. ^1 {{cite journal| url=http://www.newyorker.com/culture/richard-brody/shadows-lauren-bacall| title=The Shadows of Lauren Bacall| first=Richard| last=Brody| date=August 13, 2014| work=The New Yorker| accessdate=January 2, 2015}}
27. ^{{cite news| first=Emily| last=Hourican| title=Lauren Bacall: A Panther in Her Overall Family Tree| url=http://www.independent.ie/style/celebrity/celebrity-features/lauren-bacall-a-panther-in-her-overall-family-tree-30513080.html| work=Irish Independent| accessdate=August 20, 2014| date=August 17, 2014}}
28. ^{{cite web| first=Rebecca| last=Cope| title=Lauren Bacall's Life in Pictures| url=http://www.harpersbazaar.co.uk/people-parties/people-and-parties/lauren-bacalls-life-in-pictures| work=Harpers Bazaar| accessdate=August 20, 2014| date=August 13, 2014}}
29. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.biography.com/people/lauren-bacall-9194111| title=Lauren Bacall Biography| website=Biography.com| publisher=A&E Television Networks, LLC| date=2014| accessdate=August 12, 2014}}
30. ^{{cite web| url=http://classiq.me/style-lauren-bacall-in-to-have-and-have-not| title=Style in film: Lauren Bacall in 'To Have and Have Not'| website=Classiq.me| date=June 5, 2013| accessdate=September 2, 2014}}
31. ^1 {{cite web| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/14/movies/lauren-bacalls-debut-in-to-have-and-have-not.html| title=That Voice, and the Woman Attached| first=Manohla| last=Dargis| work=The New York Times| date=August 13, 2014| accessdate=September 1, 2014}}
32. ^{{cite book| last=Peretti| first=Burton| title=The Leading Man: Hollywood and the Presidential Image| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5sCL4fG5z88C&pg=PA88|date=September 17, 2012| publisher=Rutgers University Press| isbn=978-0-8135-5405-1| page=88}}
33. ^{{cite web| title=Lauren Bacall sits atop a piano while Vice President Harry S. Truman plays at the National Press Club Canteen| date=February 10, 1945| url=http://www.trumanlibrary.org/photographs/view.php?id=34769| publisher=Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum| accessdate=January 2, 2015}}
34. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lauren-bacall-sultry-filmnoir-legend-who-taught-humphrey-bogart-how-to-whistle-and-starred-with-monroe-and-grable-9667565.html| title=Lauren Bacall: Sultry film-noir legend who taught Humphrey Bogart how to whistle and starred with Monroe and Grable| work=The Independent| date=August 13, 2014| accessdate=September 30, 2017}}
35. ^{{cite news| url=http://metro.co.uk/2014/08/13/lauren-bacall-dead-legendary-hollywood-film-noir-actress-dies-aged-89-4830655| title=Lauren Bacall dead: Legendary Hollywood film noir actress dies aged 89| work=Metro| date=August 13, 2014| accessdate=September 30, 2017| last=Duncan| first=Amy}}
36. ^{{cite journal| url=http://theconversation.com/beauty-and-brawn-lauren-bacalls-noir-feminine-legacy-30456| title=Beauty and brawn: Lauren Bacall's noir feminine legacy| journal=The Coversation| date=August 13, 2014| accessdate=September 2, 2014}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thecine-files.com/lauren-bacall-the-walk/| title=Lauren Bacall: The Walk| website=The Cine-Files.com| date=Spring 2014| accessdate=September 2, 2014}}
38. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9901E6DA153AE233A25755C0A96F9C946693D6CF|title=Dark Passage| work=The New York Times| first=Bosley| last=Crowther| date=September 6, 1947| accessdate=September 30, 2017}}
39. ^{{cite web| url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/the-essentials-lauren-bacalls-6-best-performances-20140813| title=The Essentials: Lauren Bacall's 6 Best Performances| publisher=Indiewire| date=2014| accessdate=September 1, 2014| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827192022/http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/the-essentials-lauren-bacalls-6-best-performances-20140813| archive-date=August 27, 2014| dead-url=yes| df=mdy-all}}
40. ^{{cite book| last=Dunning| first=John| authorlink=John Dunning (writer)| title=On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EwtRbXNca0oC&pg=PA109| accessdate=May 19, 2015| date=May 7, 1998| publisher=Oxford University Press| isbn=978-0-19-507678-3| pages=109–110}}
41. ^{{cite book| last=Vogel| first=Michelle| title=Marilyn Monroe: Her Films, Her Life| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rEVXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA96| date=April 24, 2014| publisher=McFarland| isbn=978-0-7864-7086-0| page=96}}
42. ^Movie Reviews: "How to Marry a Millionaire", Rotten Tomatoes.com; retrieved August 13, 2014.
43. ^1 {{cite book| last=Quirk| first=Laurence J.| title=Lauren Bacall: Her Films and Career| date=1986| publisher=Citadel Press|isbn=0-8065-0935-X|page=22}}
44. ^Endres, Stacey. Hollywood's Chinese Theatre: The Hand and Footprints of the Stars, Pomegranate Press (1992) e-book
45. ^Aubrey Solomon, Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History, Scarecrow Press, 1989 p225
46. ^'The Top Box-Office Hits of 1954', Variety Weekly, January 5, 1955
47. ^{{cite news| title=Broadcast Museum Seeks TV's Self-History| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/25/arts/broadcasting-museum-seeks-tv-s-self-history.html| accessdate=August 12, 2014| work=The New York Times| date=January 25, 1987}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D02E3D9103AE53BBC4E53DFBE66838E649EDE|title=Review: The Cobweb| work=The New York Times| date=August 6, 1955|accessdate=September 2, 2014}}
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50. ^{{cite news| url=https://variety.com/1955/film/reviews/written-on-the-wind-2-1200417962| title=Review: Written on the Wind| work=Variety| date=December 31, 1955| accessdate=September 1, 2014}}
51. ^Designing Woman profile, Rotten Tomatoes.com; accessed August 14, 2014.
52. ^Four British Films in "Top 6": Boulting Comedy Heads Box Office List, The Guardian (1959–2003), London, December 11, 1959: p. 4.
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54. ^{{cite book| last=Chandler| first=Charlotte| title=The Girl Who Walked Home Alone: Bette Davis A Personal Biography| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ZuA3i0ICP4C&pg=PT216| date=December 9, 2008| publisher=Simon and Schuster| isbn=978-1-84739-698-3| page=216}}
55. ^{{cite news |title=Next Saturday |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2002&dat=19641212&id=BXcvAAAAIBAJ&sjid=odsFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4212,2266992 |newspaper=The Beaver County Times |publisher=Google News Archive |date=December 12, 1964 |accessdate=August 22, 2014}}
56. ^{{cite news| first=Richard| last=Natale| title=Lauren Bacall, Star of Hollywood's Golden Age, Dies at 89| url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/lauren-bacall-star-of-hollywoods-golden-age-dies-at-89-1201281523| newspaper=Variety| accessdate=August 14, 2014| date=August 12, 2014}}
57. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/22/movies/film-fan-a-lauren-bacall-thriller.html| title=FILM: 'FAN', A LAUREN BACALL THRILLER| first=Vincent| last=Canby| newspaper=The New York Times| date=May 22, 1981}}
58. ^{{cite news| url=https://variety.com/1980/film/reviews/the-fan-2-1200424854/| date=December 31, 1981| newspaper=Variety| title=The Fan}}
59. ^{{cite web| title=69th Academy Award Winners| url=http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/DisplayMain.jsp?curTime=1407884600760| publisher=Oscars| accessdate=August 13, 2014| date=1996| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://archive.is/20140813132718/http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/DisplayMain.jsp?curTime=1407884600760| archivedate=August 13, 2014| df=mdy-all}}
60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.altfg.com/film/lauren-bacall-and-the-1997-academy-awards/|title=Lauren Bacall vs. Juliette Binoche: The 1997 Academy Awards|first=Andre|last=Soares|publisher=Alt Film Guide|accessdate=October 19, 2015}}
61. ^{{cite news| last1=Lyman| first1=Rick| title=A Wind of Gratitude Blows Through the Performing Arts| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/08/arts/a-wind-of-gratitude-blows-through-the-performing-arts.html| accessdate=August 12, 2014| work=New York Times| date=December 8, 1997}}
62. ^{{cite web| first=Adam| last=Bernstein| title=Lauren Bacall, sultry star of film and Broadway, dies at 89| url=http://www.pressherald.com/2014/08/12/film-and-broadway-star-lauren-bacall-dies-at-89/| newspaper=Portland Press Herald| accessdate=August 14, 2014| date=August 12, 2014}}
63. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.playbill.com/production/waiting-in-the-wings-walter-kerr-theatre-vault-0000010043| title=Waiting in the Wings Play| work=Playbill| accessdate=September 5, 2015}}
64. ^{{cite journal| url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2014/08/12/lauren_bacall_on_the_sopranos_the_late_legend_had_one_of_her_best_moments.html| title=Lauren Bacall was game for anything, even getting punched out on 'The Sopranos'| first=Dan| last=Kois| journal=Slate| date=August 12, 2014| accessdate=October 19, 2015}}
65. ^{{cite web| title=Welcome to the Katharine Houghton Hepburn Center| url=http://www.brynmawr.edu/hepburn| publisher=Bryn Mawr College| accessdate=August 13, 2014| date=February 7, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904014407/http://www.brynmawr.edu/hepburn/| archive-date=September 4, 2014| dead-url=yes| df=mdy-all}}
66. ^{{cite news| last1=Jenkins| first1=Simon| title=Our trigger-happy rulers should have been sent on a crash course in history| url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2007/jun/29/comment.politics1| accessdate=August 12, 2014| work=The Guardian| date=June 28, 2007}}
67. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117999405.html?categoryid=1043&cs=1| title=Hutcherson rounds out 'Carmel' cast| last=McNary| first=Dave| date=February 1, 2009| newspaper=Variety| accessdate=July 9, 2014}}
68. ^"Bacall, Calley, Corman and Willis to Receive Academy's Governors Awards", Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences (press release), September 10, 2009.
69. ^"Trouble Is My Business" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109114712/http://www.juntoboxfilms.com/projects/trouble-is-my-business |date=November 9, 2012 }}, juntoboxfilms.com, July 2013.
70. ^{{cite news| url=https://variety.com/2013/film/news/ernest-celestine-toon-taps-lauren-bacall-paul-giamatti-william-h-macy-exclusive-1200806834/| title=Ernest & Celestine: Toon Taps Lauren Bacall, Paul Giamatti, William H. Macy (exclusive)| last=Keslassy| first=Elsa| date=November 8, 2013| newspaper=Variety| accessdate=July 9, 2014}}
71. ^{{cite web| title=Breaking News – Tony Award Winner Lauren Bacall Dies at 89| url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Breaking-News-Tony-Award-Winner-Lauren-Bacall-Dies-at-89-20140812| publisher=Broadway World| accessdate=August 13, 2014| date=August 12, 2014| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814014731/http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Breaking-News-Tony-Award-Winner-Lauren-Bacall-Dies-at-89-20140812| archivedate=August 14, 2014| df=mdy-all}}
72. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.tripadvisor.com/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g50578-d260586-i92852991-Malabar_Farm_State_Park-Lucas_Ohio.html| title=Malabar Farm State Park Photo| year=2014| accessdate=October 19, 2015}}
73. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKw4CJgYb8s Lauren Bacall interview on Parkinson]. YouTube, August 13, 2014.
74. ^{{cite book| last=Levy| first=Patricia| title=From Television to the Berlin Wall| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RKKRrhJk2z8C&pg=PA27| accessdate=August 13, 2014| year=2006| publisher=Raintree|isbn=9781410917874| page=27}}
75. ^{{cite book| last1=Kuhn| first1=Annette| last2=Radstone| first2=Susannah| title=The Women's Companion to International Film|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pjqOM04aGJ8C&pg=PA34| accessdate=August 13, 2014| year=1990| publisher=University of California Press| isbn=9780520088795| page=34}}
76. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2728348/My-volcanic-affair-Sinatra-Red-hot-passion-one-moment-Cutting-dead-LAUREN-BACALL-star-begged-marry-publicly-humiliated-her.html| title=My volcanic affair with Sinatra: Red-hot passion one moment. Cutting her dead the next.| first=Lauren| last=Bacall| newspaper=The Daily Mail| date=August 18, 2014| accessdate=October 19, 2015}}
77. ^{{cite news |title=Lauren Bacall, Jason Robards to wed |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19610615&id=Nz5QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IFcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2194,2129962 |newspaper=The Evening Independent |publisher=Google News Archive |date=June 15, 1961 |accessdate=August 22, 2014}}
78. ^{{cite news |title=Vienna foils wedding plans of Lauren Bacall, Robards |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1817&dat=19610616&id=SBAdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=GZoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1572,2130131 |newspaper=The Tuscaloosa News |publisher=Google News Archive |agency=Associated Press |date=June 16, 1951 |accessdate=August 22, 2014}}
79. ^1 {{cite news |title=Lauren Bacall, Jason Robards wed in Mexico |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&dat=19610701&id=48EzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OkgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7075,673388 |newspaper=The Deseret News |publisher=Google News Archive |agency=United Press International |date=July 5, 1961 |accessdate=August 22, 2014}}
80. ^{{cite news |first=Neil |last=Hickey |title=Her Kind of Boy |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=19610819&id=QMZaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=F2wDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4756,4298428 |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |publisher=Google News Archive |date=August 19, 1961 |accessdate=August 22, 2014}}
81. ^{{cite book| first=Lauren| last=Bacall| title=Lauren Bacall: By Myself| date=October 12, 1985| publisher=Ballantine Books| isbn=0345333217}}
82. ^{{cite book| first=Lauren| last=Bacall| title=Now| date=November 29, 1995| publisher=Ballantine Books| location=New York| isbn=0345402324| edition=1st}}
83. ^{{cite book| first=Lauren| last=Bacall| title=By Myself and Then Some| publisher=HarperCollins| location=New York| isbn=0061127914| edition=Harper paperback| date=October 31, 2006}}
84. ^{{cite web|first=Humphrey| last=Bogart| title=I'm No Communist| journal=Photoplay| date=March 1948| url=https://docs.google.com/document/d/1khEGRvkO_nTSne4jDqCdtJ9aCXcPjhQaxVMExAVE_pk/preview?pli=1| publisher=Google Docs| accessdate=August 13, 2014| quote=I'm no communist}}
85. ^{{cite book| last1=Gordon| first1=Lois G.| last2=Gordon| first2=Alan| title=American Chronicle: Six Decades in American Life, 1920–1980| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3oB1AAAAMAAJ| accessdate=August 13, 2014| year=1987| page=267| publisher=Atheneum| isbn=9780689118999}}
86. ^{{cite web| first=Dr. Paul| last=Kengor| title=Bogie and Bacall and Hollywood's Communists| url=http://humanevents.com/2014/08/15/bogie-and-bacall-and-hollywoods-communists/| journal=American Spectator |publisher=Human Events| accessdate=August 25, 2014| date=August 15, 2014}}
87. ^{{cite journal| url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/08/13/lauren-bacall-was-deeply-liberal-and-deeply-anti-communist.html| title=Lauren Bacall was deeply liberal and deeply anti-communist| first=Michael| last=Tomasky| journal=The Daily Beast| date=August 13, 2014| accessdate=October 19, 2015}}
88. ^{{cite episode| series=Larry King Live| title=Interview with Lauren Bacall| url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0505/06/lkl.01.html| network=CNN| accessdate=August 13, 2014| air-date=May 6, 2005}}
89. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/13/movies/lauren-bacall-sultry-movie-star-dies-at-89.html| title=Lauren Bacall Dies at 89; in a Bygone Hollywood, She Purred Every Word| date=August 12, 2014| newspaper=The New York Times| accessdate=August 13, 2014}}
90. ^{{cite web| first1=Mike| last1=Barnes| first2=Duane| last2=Byrge| title=Lauren Bacall, Hollywood's Icon of Cool, Dies at 89| url=https://www.yahoo.com/movies/lauren-bacall-hollywoods-icon-of-cool-dies-at-89-94579236487.html| publisher=Yahoo! Movies| accessdate=August 13, 2014| date=August 12, 2014}}
91. ^{{cite news| title=Legendary Actress Lauren Bacall Dies at 89| url=http://www.newyorktelegraph.com/index.php/sid/224686889| date=August 13, 2014| accessdate=August 13, 2014| newspaper=New York Telegraph}}
92. ^{{cite web| title=Lauren Bacall leaves $10,000 for her beloved dog in will| url=http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2014/08/23/lauren-bacall-leaves-10000-for-her-beloved-dog-in-will/| publisher=Fox News| accessdate=August 25, 2014}}
93. ^{{cite news| first=Carol| last=Vogel| date=October 9, 2014| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/10/arts/design/for-sale-the-first-artwork-de-kooning-saw-every-workday-.html| title=What Bacall Loved| newspaper=The New York Times}}
94. ^[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uR_lpSY5qUc "BBC – The Late Show – Face to Face: Lauren Bacall"], Interview with Jeremy Isaacs, BBC, March 20, 1995
95. ^{{cite news| title=Bacall & Bogart Lux Theatre Stars| url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3335246/harrisburg_telegraph/| newspaper=Harrisburg Telegraph|date=October 12, 1946| page=17| via=Newspapers.com| accessdate=October 1, 2015}} {{Open access}}
96. ^{{cite web |url=http://journeysinclassicfilm.com/2012/09/09/bogie-1980/ |title=Bogie |author=Kristen |publisher=Journeys in Classic Film |date=September 9, 2012 |accessdate=October 19, 2015}}
97. ^{{cite news |first=John N. |last=Goudas |title=Kathryn Harrold cast as Bacall in 'Bogie' |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1291&dat=19800229&id=WiJUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rI0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4983,5822644 |newspaper=The Boca Raton News |publisher=Google News Archive |date=February 29, 1980 |accessdate=August 22, 2014}}
98. ^{{cite web| title=Bacall to Arms (1946)| url=http://fan.tcm.com/_Bacall-to-Arms-1946/video/1619111/66470.html?createPassive=true| accessdate=August 31, 2015}}
99. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news| first=Colin| last=Stutz| title=Lauren Bacall Dies: Her Top 5 Pop Song References| url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/list/6214475/lauren-bacall-dead-music-references| newspaper=Billboard| accessdate=August 13, 2014| date=August 12, 2014}}
100. ^{{cite book| author1=The Cardinals| title=The Dakota Scrapbook: Volume 1. Exterior| date=April 1, 2014| publisher=Callipygian Ventures| isbn=978-0970081513| edition=1st| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71W_oQEACAAJ| accessdate=September 30, 2017| subscription=yes}}
101. ^{{cite book| author1=Matthew Quick| title=Forgive Me, Leonard Peacock| date=August 13, 2013| publisher=Little, Brown Books for Young Readers| isbn=0316221325 | edition=1st| url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=7XhmAgAAQBAJ| accessdate=November 16, 2017}}
102. ^{{cite web| title=Marshall Islands| url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Marshall_Islands.aspx| publisher=Encyclopedia.com| accessdate=December 31, 2015|quote=The inhabited islands along the southern side of Majuro Atoll have been joined over time by landfill and a bridge to form a 30-mile road from Rita, on the extreme eastern end, to Laura, at the western end. Both villages were so code-named by U.S. forces in World War II after favorite pinups Rita Hayworth and Lauren Bacall.}}
103. ^1 {{cite web| title=Lauren Bacall dead at 89 |first=Alison| last=Stephenson| date=August 13, 2014| publisher=News Corp Australia| accessdate=September 30, 2017| url=http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/lauren-bacall-dead-at-89/story-fn907478-1227022680399}}
104. ^1 2 {{cite news| first=Betsy| last=Sharkey| title=Lauren Bacall's voice resonated with women| url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-lauren-bacall-appreciation-sharkey-20140813-column.html| newspaper=Los Angeles Times| accessdate=August 14, 2014}}

References

{{reflist|30em|refs=[103]

[104]}}

Sources

  • {{cite book|last=Bacall|first=Lauren|year=1979|title=By Myself|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|location=New York|isbn=978-0-394-41308-2}}
  • {{cite book|author=___________|title=By Myself and Then Some|edition=Revised|year=2005|publisher=HarperCollins|location=New York|ref={{sfnref|Bacall|2005}}|isbn=978-0-061-12791-5}}

External links

{{Commons}}{{Wikiquote}}
  • {{IMDb name|0000002}}
  • {{IBDB name}}
  • {{Tcmdb name}}
  • [https://www.aenigma-images.com/2016/09/lauren-bacall-a-dream-come-true/ Lauren Bacall] at [https://www.aenigma-images.com/ aenigma]
  • {{AllRovi person|3116}}
  • {{worldcat id|lccn-n85-136525}}
{{Navboxes
|title = Awards for Lauren Bacall
|list ={{Academy Honorary Award}}{{Cecil B. DeMille Award 1976–2000}}{{DramaDesk MusicalActress}}{{GoldenGlobeBestSuppActressMotionPicture 1981–2000}}{{Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year}}{{Honorary César}}{{Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s}}{{ScreenActorsGuildAward FemaleSupportMotionPicture}}{{TonyAward MusicalLeadActress 1948–1975}}
}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bacall, Lauren}}

32 : 1924 births|2014 deaths|20th-century American actresses|21st-century American actresses|Academy Honorary Award recipients|Actresses from New York City|American Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni|Female models from New York (state)|American film actresses|Jewish American actresses|American people of Jewish descent|American people of Russian-Jewish descent|American people of Romanian-Jewish descent|American Theater Hall of Fame inductees|American stage actresses|American voice actresses|Best Supporting Actress Golden Globe (film) winners|Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)|California Democrats|Cecil B. DeMille Award Golden Globe winners|Deaths from cerebrovascular disease|Jewish female models|Kennedy Center honorees|Models from New York City|National Book Award winners|New York (state) Democrats|Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners|Tony Award winners|Warner Bros. contract players|Writers from New York City|American musical theatre actresses|People from the Upper West Side
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