| 词条 | Macchi M.3 | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Macchi L.3, or later Macchi M.3, was an Italian biplane flying boat developed from the earlier L.2. DevelopmentThe company had learnt about flying boat design from copying an Austrian flying boat to produce the Macchi L.1 and improving it to produce the L.2. The result was the L.3, which was renamed the M.3 in 1917 to recognise the change in design from Lohner influenced to a Macchi design. Only the unequal-span biplane wings were inherited from the L.2 a new and refined hull and strut-mounted tailplane were designed. Powered by a single Isotta Fraschini engine strut mounted between the two wings and driving a pusher propeller. It was armed with a single machine gun on a trainable mounting and could also carry four light bombs. In 1916, one aircraft gained the world altitude record for a seaplane when it climbed to 5,400 m (17,700 ft) in 41 minutes. Operational historyOver 200 M.3s were built and delivered to the Royal Italian Navy and were used on a variety of missions which including bombing, reconnaissance, patrol and escort. For a short period in 1917, it was also used as a fighter. Several aircraft were used in commando-style operations behind Austrian lines. The aircraft were highly regarded by the Royal Italian Navy and they were used on bombing raids and pioneered the Italian use of aerial photography. After World War I, the type was used by training units until 1924. In 1919, an L.3 which belonged to the Italian Military Mission in Argentina connected Buenos Aires with Asunción, Paraguay for the first time. This plane was later donated to the Paraguayan government. Lieutenant Arturo Escario, who was already a pilot, trained in the L.3 in Argentina. This plane was destroyed in an accident on 30 September 1919. Its pilot, Lieutenant Escario, died the following day. A number of second-hand aircraft were used by the Swiss company Ad Astra Aero to carry out charters and joy rides on the Swiss lakes, the two passengers were seated side-by-side behind a large windscreen with the pilot in a raised open cockpit further aft. Two M.3s were fitted with Fiat A.12 engines and were re-designated Macchi M.4, but they were abandoned after completion in favour of the Macchi M.9. Operators
Specifications (M.3){{aerospecs|ref={{cite book |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title= The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985)|year= |publisher= Orbis Publishing|location= |issn=|pages= 2392}} |met or eng?=met |crew=2 |capacity= |length m= |length ft= |length in= |span m=15.95 |span ft=52 |span in=4 |width m= |width ft= |width in= |height m= |height ft= |height in= |wing area sqm= |wing area sqft= |empty weight kg= |empty weight lb= |gross weight kg=1,350 |gross weight lb=2,976 |eng1 number=1 |eng1 type=Isotta Fraschini V.4B |eng1 kw=119 |eng1 hp=160 |eng2 number= |eng2 type= |eng2 kw= |eng2 hp= |max speed kmh=144 |max speed mph=90 |cruise speed kmh= |cruise speed mph= |range km=385 |range miles=239 |endurance h= |endurance min= |ceiling m= |ceiling ft= |climb rate ms= |climb rate ftmin= |armament1=1 × Fiat machine-gun or a light cannon |armament2=4 × light bombs |armament3= |armament4= |armament5= |armament6= }} See also{{commons category|Macchi M.3}}{{aircontent|see also= |related=
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7 : Macchi aircraft|Italian military reconnaissance aircraft 1910–1919|Flying boats|Biplanes|Single-engined pusher aircraft|Military aircraft of World War I|Aircraft first flown in 1916 |
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