| 词条 | Lawrence, Indiana |
| 释义 |
| name = | official_name = Lawrence, Indiana | settlement_type = City | nickname = | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = File:Marion County Indiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Lawrence Highlighted 1842426.svg | mapsize = 250px | map_caption = Location of Lawrence in Marion County, Indiana. | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_caption1 = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Indiana | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Marion | government_type = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Steve Collier (R) | leader_title1 = Common Council[1] | leader_name1 = William T. Giles (D, 1st) Rick Wells (D, 2nd) Sherron Freeman (D, 3rd) Joe Williams (D, 4th) Tom Shevlot (R, 5th) Matt Hall (D, 6th) Becky Parker (D, AL) Lisa Chavis (D, AL) Bob Jones (R, AL) | area_note = | established_date = | area_magnitude = 1 E7 | area_footnotes = [2] | area_total_km2 = 52.45 | area_land_km2 = 52.17 | area_water_km2 = 0.28 | population_footnotes = [3] | population_as_of = 2010 | population_est = 47866 | pop_est_as_of = 2016 | population_note = | population_total = 46001 | population_density_sq_mi = 2376.19 | population_density_km2 = 917.47 | timezone = EST | utc_offset = −5 | timezone_DST = EDT | utc_offset_DST = −4 | area_total_sq_mi = 20.25 | area_land_sq_mi = 20.14 | area_water_sq_mi = 0.11 | elevation_m = 266 | elevation_ft = 873 | coordinates = {{coord|39|51|46|N|85|59|39|W|region:US-IN_type:city|display=inline,title}}| | website = {{url|www.cityoflawrence.org}} | postal_code_type = ZIP code | postal_code = 46216, 46226, 46236 | area_code = 317, 463 | blank_name = FIPS code | blank_info = 18-42426[3] | blank1_name = GNIS feature ID | blank1_info = 0437666[4] | footnotes = | | pop_est_footnotes = [6] | unit_pref = Imperial }}Lawrence is a city in Marion County, Indiana, United States. It is one of four "excluded cities" in Marion County. The city is home to Fort Benjamin Harrison within Fort Harrison State Park. The population was 47,550 at the 2014 census.[5] The city is on the northeast side of Indianapolis and is currently growing at twice the rate of the rest of Indiana.[5] HistoryThe municipality was platted in 1849 under the name Lanesville[6] but other names were tried because there was already another Lanesville in Indiana. The name Jamestown, in honor of the town's founder James White, was used for a while, but in 1866 the Marion County Commissioners approved the name Lawrence, which is also the name of township in which it is located. Lawrence was named after the naval hero of the War of 1812, Captain James Lawrence[7] In 1969, Indianapolis and Marion County adopted a unified government structure known as Unigov. Lawrence is one of four “excluded cities” and therefore retains its own municipal government. Its citizens vote not only for the mayor and council of Lawrence, but also for the mayor of Indianapolis and representatives on the Indianapolis City-County Council. [7] GeographyLawrence is located at {{coord|39|51|46|N|85|59|39|W|type:city}} (39.862739, −85.994264).[8] According to the 2010 census, Lawrence has a total area of {{convert|20.24|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|20.13|sqmi|sqkm|2}} (or 99.46%) is land and {{convert|0.11|sqmi|sqkm|2}} (or 0.54%) is water.[9] ClimateThe climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Lawrence has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[10] Demographics{{US Census population|1880= 253 |1930= 840 |1940= 1087 |1950= 1951 |1960= 10103 |1970= 16353 |1980= 25591 |1990= 26763 |2000= 38915 |2010= 46001 |estyear=2016 |estimate=47866 |estref=[11] |footnote=Source: US Census Bureau }} 2010 censusAs of the census[12] of 2010, there were 46,001 people, 17,864 households, and 11,949 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|2285.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 19,515 housing units at an average density of {{convert|969.4|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 63.2% White, 25.8% African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 5.7% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.2% of the population. There were 17,864 households of which 38.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.2% were married couples living together, 17.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.1% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.12. The median age in the city was 34.2 years. 28.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.3% were from 25 to 44; 24.9% were from 45 to 64; and 9.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.5% male and 52.5% female. The median household income was $54,254 in Lawrence compared to the state median of $48,393. Roughly 31% of Lawrence residents have a bachelor's degree compared to 22.7% of all Indiana residents.[13] 2000 censusAs of the census[3] of 2000, there were 38,915 people, 14,853 households, and 10,337 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,937.8 people per square mile (748.3/km²). There were 16,292 housing units at an average density of 811.3 per square mile (313.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 78.58% White, 15.51% African American, 0.30% Native American, 1.80% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 1.86% from other races, and 1.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.73% of the population. There were 14,853 households out of which 39.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.1% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.13. In the city, the population was diversified at 29.9% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 36.2% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 8.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $47,838, and the median income for a family was $56,609. Males had a median income of $38,924 versus $30,406 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,543. About 4.8% of families and 6.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.2% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over. EducationThe Lawrence Township school district is the ninth largest and one of the fastest growing districts in the state. It operates four Early Learning Centers, eleven elementary magnet schools (grades 1-6), two middle schools (grades 7-8), two high schools (Lawrence Central and Lawrence North), a center for innovation and technology, and an alternative setting high school.[14] In the 2018-2019 academic year there were 16,035 students with a high school graduation rate of 92.7%. Lawrence Township schools offer high ability programs, Advanced Placement (AP and ACP), International Baccalaureate Program, vocational and career education programs, and bilingual programs.[15] The district holds 45 state championships and 5 national titles in various inter-curricular competitions. Those titles include championships in basketball (Lawrence North - 2006) and marching band (Lawrence Central - 2001 and 2004)[16]. The diversity makeup of the district is .05% American Indian, 23.5% White, 45.3% Black, 6.9% Multiracial, 1.1% Asian, .05% Pacific Islander, and 23.1% Hispanic, as of the 2017-18 school year.[17] Lawrence also has a public library, a branch of the Indianapolis Public Library.[18] Notable person
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Common Council|url=http://www.cityoflawrence.org/leaders/common-council/|website=City of Lawrence, IN|accessdate=22 April 2016}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_18.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Jul 28, 2017}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}} 5. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.cityoflawrence.org/numbers|title=By the Numbers {{!}} City of Lawrence, Indiana|last=|first=|date=|website=www.cityoflawrence.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=March 30, 2019}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Bodenhamer|first1=David J.|last2=Barrows|first2=Robert G.|title=The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bg13QcMSsq8C&pg=PA899|date=22 November 1994|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-11249-4|page=899}} 7. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.cityoflawrence.org/history|title=City History|last=|first=|date=|website=City of Lawrence|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US1842426 |title=G001 - Geographic Identifiers - 2010 Census Summary File 1 |accessdate=2015-07-29 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}} 10. ^Climate Summary for Lawrence, Indiana 11. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2012-12-11}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.cityoflawrence.org/economic|title=Economic Development|last=|first=|date=|website=City of Lawrence|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 14. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ltschools.org/enrollment/choose-lt|title=Choose LT|last=|first=|date=|website=Metropolitan School District Lawrence Township|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ltschools.org/academics|title=Academics|last=|first=|date=|website=Metropolitan School District Lawrence Township|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ltschools.org/about|title=About|last=|first=|date=|website=Metropolitan School District Lawrence Township|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ltschools.org/MediaLibraries/ltschools.org/Documents/District/Demographics/2017-2018-TenYearEthnicSummary.pdf|title=Metropolitan School District of Lawrence Township Ten Year Ethnic Summary|last=|first=|date=|website=Metropolitan School District of Lawrence Township|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=March 30, 2019}} 18. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.indypl.org/locations | title=Locations & Hours | publisher=Indianapolis Public Library | accessdate=10 March 2018}} External links
3 : Cities in Indiana|Cities in Marion County, Indiana|Indianapolis metropolitan area |
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