| 词条 | Mahmud II (mansa) |
| 释义 |
Mansa Mahmud II, also known as Mamadou, was mansa ("king of kings") of the Mali Empire from 1481 to 1496. Mansa Mahmud II’s rule was characterized by more losses to Mali’s old possessions and increased contact between Mali and Portuguese explorers along the coast. In 1477, the Yatenga emperor Nasséré makes yet another Mossi raid into Macina, this time conquering it and the old province of BaGhana (Wagadou).[1] In 1481, Fula[2] raids against Mali’s Tekrur provinces begin. The growing trade in Mali’s western provinces with Portugal witnessed the exchange of envoys between the two nations. Mansa Mahmud II received the Portuguese envoy Pedro d’Evora al Gonzalo in 1484.[3] Mali lost control of Jalu during this period.[4] Meanwhile, Songhai seizes the salt mines of Taghazza in 1493. That same year, Mahmud II sent another envoy to the Portuguese proposing alliance against the Fulas. The Portuguese decide to stay out of the conflict and the talks conclude by 1495 without an alliance.[4] See also
References1. ^Mossi (1250-1575 AD) - DBA 2.0 Variant Army List {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802070900/http://www.fanaticus.org/DBA/armies/Variants/mossi.html |date=2009-08-02 }} {{S-start}}{{Succession box|title=Mansa of the Mali Empire|before=Ouali II|after=Mahmud III|years=1481–1496}}{{s-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahmud 02 (Mansa)}}{{Mali-politician-stub}}{{Africa-royal-stub}}2. ^{{lang-ff|Fulɓe}}; {{lang-fr|Peul}} 3. ^Niane, D.T.: "Recherches sur l’Empire du Mali au Moyen âge". Presence Africaine. Paris, 1975 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.etext.org/Politics/World.Systems/papers/wilkinson_david/spatio-temporal_boundaries_african_civilizations |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-02-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060711213658/http://www.etext.org/Politics/World.Systems/papers/wilkinson_david/spatio-temporal_boundaries_african_civilizations |archivedate=2006-07-11 |df= }} 5 : Year of birth missing|Year of death missing|Mansas of Mali|15th-century monarchs in Africa|Keita family |
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