“Malaysian Prison Department”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Malaysian Prison Department ({{lang-ms|Jabatan Penjara Malaysia}}) is a department controlled by the Malaysian Minister of Home Affairs responsible for jails where offenders sentenced by the courts are held. These jails also act as detention and recovery institutions.

The department is headquartered in the Malaysia Prison Complex (Kompleks Penjara Kajang) in Kajang, Selangor in the Klang Valley.^[1]^[2]

Prisons are different from other institutions or organisations found in a modern society. They are places where a group of trained personnel manages and looks after a group of people known as prisoners who are not there voluntarily and are instead forced inside and prevented from leaving by guards, walls and gates. A Prison Department cannot choose its clients and they have no power to release them. These prisoners have to live according to set of prescribed rules, and their movements are tightly controlled.

History

During the era of British rule and until the arrival of the Japanese in 1942, penal institutions were the responsibility of the individual states' governments with their respective regulations. In the Straits Settlements, a Superintendent based in Singapore, acted as the supervisor and inspected the institutions under his jurisdiction.

The Straits Settlements were the earliest to build their own prisons while the Federated Malay States did so only after the British set up a responsible department. The Taiping Prison, better known as the Taiping Gaol, the largest at the time, was built in 1879. Prisons were built with the main purpose of bringing suffering to the inmates in the hope that this would deter people from committing crimes.

In 1881, Sikh warders were brought in to assist Malay warders while vocational instructors from Hong Kong were used in an effort to introduce trades to the prisons. Among the earliest of these were rock breaking and carpentry. An attempt was made to categorise the inmates in 1882, then in 1889 European warders were appointed at some prisons.

With the formation of the Federated Malay States, Taiping Prison became a detention centre for long-term prisoners from Perak, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan and Selangor. In 1923, a visiting justice system{{Clarify|date=May 2011}} was introduced and prison industries expanded to include printing work, weaving, sewing, rattan weaving, and metalwork. Rock-breaking work was abolished in 1924 and replaced with the pounding of coconut husks.

During the Japanese occupation (1941–1945), the Imperial Japanese Army also used the prisons for POWs. All records of the prisons and its inmates for this period were subsequently destroyed by the Japanese.

After World War II, the Prison Office was established to administer all prisons in Malaya. The post-war era saw the return of peace, and modern administrative methods were introduced. The 1948 Malayan Emergency resulted in an increase in inmate numbers, which in turn caused overcrowding in the prisons. This disrupted the development of the prison system and it was only towards the end of 1949 when peace returned that prison development could be carried out smoothly.

The Prisons Ordinance 1952 and the Prisons Regulations 1953, based on the "modern treatment" concept, were introduced to replace old legislation. In 1953, the Criminal Justice Bill was passed, which abolished use of the cat-o'-nine-tails and replaced the term "penal servitude" with "prison".

Following Independence Day in 1957, the first Prisons Commissioner was appointed to take charge of the administration of all prisons in Malaya. In 1963, with the formation of Malaysia, prisons in Sabah and Sarawak came under the jurisdiction of the Prisons Department.

On 2 November 1995, the Prison Act 1995 was introduced to replace the former Prison Act which in turn was superseded on 1 September 2000 by the Prison Regulations 2000. The previous acts and regulations had been in use for a long time, thus changes and reforms were necessary to meet current needs and demands to streamline prison management and administration.

In an era of development and modernisation, the Malaysian Prison Department realises that it should not to be content with is past achievements, but should instead move forward and innovate in order to assist the prison administration in dealing with modern culture through criminology, penology and overall social control.^[3]

Insignia

Motto

Symbolises the sincerity of the departments management system in generating commitment and co-operation among society at large, offender families and the department to ensure the success of rehabilitation programmes.

Prison department organisational structure

Prison heads

List of Commissioner General

List of Deputy Commissioner General

Institutions

Headquarters

Prison

Correctional Centre

Juvenile School

Defunct Prison and Headquarters

Weaponry and equipment

Malaysian Prison Department operators are equipped with multi-specialized weaponry and marine assault vehicles, including:

Major cases and incidents

1981 Botak Chin

On 1 January 1981, Wong Swee Chin or known as Botak Chin made an unsuccessful attempt to escape from his cell in Pudu Prison. During his attempt, he stabbed several prison wardens but was seriously injured during the struggle. He was executed in the morning of 11 June 1981. Ironically, none of the charges were murder however he was sentenced to death solely for the possession of firearms, a capital offence.^[7]

1986 Pudu Prison siege

The Pudu Prison siege began when six prisoners led by Jimmy Chua held a doctor and a laboratory technician hostage on 17 October 1986 and the siege ended six days later on 22 October 1986. On 22 October, the hostage crisis ended without bloodshed when the Malaysian police counter-terrorism group Special Actions Unit (UTK) of PGK stormed the prison and rescued the two hostages led by commander Dato' Zaman Khan.^[8]

1987 Kuantan Prison hostage

In January 1987, three Indonesian prisoners arrested Magistrate Mariana Yahya at Kuantan Prison for ransom. However, for up to 24 hours, two of them were shot dead and another was arrested. Mariana was finally released.^[9] Datuk Ibrahim Mohamed, was the man who led the Prison Department and as the Director General, his role is very significant in the effort of liberation.^[10]

Famous inmates

Botak Chin, an infamous gangster who was allegedly betrayed by his own men, was executed here on 11 June 1981 for the possession of firearms.

In 1986 Kevin Barlow and Brian Chambers, both Australian nationals, were executed in Pudu Prison for trafficking heroin. In 1989, Derrick Gregory, a British national was also hanged for heroin trafficking.

Malaysian Prison Department in popular culture

Television

See also

References

1. ^"Home." Prison Department of Malaysia. Retrieved on 7 August 2014. "Malaysia Prison Complex, Kajang Selangor." Map.
2. ^"IBU PEJABAT PENJARA MALAYSIA." Prison Department of Malaysia. Retrieved on 7 August 2014. "Bukit Wira, Beg Berkunci No. 212, 43000 Kajang, SELANGOR DARUL EHSAN"
3. ^{{cite news|title=Prisons History |date= |url=http://www.prison.gov.my/bi/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=415&Itemid=62 |accessdate=5 August 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412064920/http://www.prison.gov.my/bi/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=415&Itemid=62 |archivedate=12 April 2009 }}
4. ^{{cite news| title= Prisons Motto|date= |url=http://www.prison.gov.my/bi/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=419&Itemid=65| accessdate = 5 August 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.prison.gov.my/images/carta/penjara-penjara.htm|title=(Malay) Penjara Pudu ditutup operasinya pada bulan Oktober 1996|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.prison.gov.my/images/carta/penjara-penjara.htm|title=(Malay) Penjara Sim Sim telah ditutup pada tahun 1981 dan banduannya dipindahkan ke Penjara Sandakan|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.bharian.com.my/node/83700|title=Botak Chin stabbed prison officer|last=|first=|date=|website=Berita Harian|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.agendadaily.com/Badrul-Hisham-Abdul-Aziz-WADTK/bbcc-himbau-kenangan-lama-di-pudu-jail.html|title=Pudu Jail siege (Malay)|last=|first=|date=|website=Agenda Daily|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/bar_news/berita_badan_peguam/new_judicial_commissioner_made_headlines_20_years_ago.html|title=Kuantan Prison Hostage|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://suara.tv/20/03/2016/ibrahim-pahlawan-jabatan-penjara-yang-dilupakan/|title=Hero of Kuantan Prison siege|last=|first=|date=2016-03-20|website=Suara TV|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.budiey.com/patahnya-sebelah-sayap/|title=Malay Drama - Patahnya Sebelah Sayap|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.mstar.com.my/hiburan/berita-hiburan/2010/10/15/di-sebalik-tirai-besi-perjelas-persepsi-sebenar-penjara/|title=Malay Drama - Disebalik Tirai Besi|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}