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词条 League of the South
释义

  1. History

  2. Views

     Culture  Politics 

  3. Charges of racism

  4. Members

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

{{pp-pc1}}{{Infobox organization
| name = League of the South
| image = League of the South logo.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| abbreviation = LS
| motto = Survival, Well-Being, and Independence of the Southern People
| formation = {{Start date and age|1994}}
| type = Non-governmental organization
| status = Active
| purpose = Creation of a neo-Confederate white Southern nation, based on Protestant Christianity.
| headquarters = Killen, Alabama
| location = United States
| region = Southern United States
| fields = Politics
| membership =
| membership_year =
| leader_title = President
| leader_name = Michael Hill
| key_people = Thomas Fleming, Michael Peroutka, Hunter Wallace, Clyde N. Wilson, Isaac Baker,[1] Thomas Woods[2][3]
| subsidiaries = Southern Patriot (magazine)
| website = {{URL|http://leagueofthesouth.com/}}
}}

The League of the South is a white nationalist, Neo-Confederate, white supremacist organization,[4][5][6][7][8] headquartered in Killen, Alabama, which states that its ultimate goal is "a free and independent Southern republic".[9] The group defines the Southern United States as the states that made up the former Confederacy.[10] It claims to be also a religious and social movement, advocating a return to a more traditionally conservative, Christian-oriented Southern culture.[11]

The movement and its members are allied with the alt-right.[12][13] The Southern Poverty Law Center has designated it as a hate group.[14]

History

The organization was formed in 1994 by Michael Hill and others, including attorney Jack Kershaw.[15] The League of the South was named in reference to the League of United Southerners, a group organized in 1858 to shape Southern public opinion and the Lega Nord (Northern League), a very successful populist movement in Northern Italy.[16]

The LOS' first meeting was represented with a group of 40 men, 28 of whom formed an organization then known as The Southern League. The name was changed to The League of the South in 1996 in order to avoid confusion with the minor league baseball organization also known as The Southern League. There were Southern professors among them. Michael Hill was the leader and still is. He was a British history professor and specialist in Celtic history at Stillman College, which is considered to be a historically black school in Tuscaloosa, Ala. However, Hill has since left his teaching position.[17]

In 2000, the group supported Pat Buchanan and the Reform Party.[18]

Since 2007, The League's main publication has been The Free Magnolia, a quarterly tabloid.

Views

The League has been described as using "Celtic" mythology "belligerently against what is perceived as a politically correct celebration of multicultural Southern diversity".[19][20][21]

The group believes that the Southern United States should be an independent country ruled by white men.[22]

In 2001 they asked US congress to pay $5 billion in reparations for "property" (which at the time included human beings) which was taken or destroyed by Union forces during the Civil War. The group's legal counsel Jack Kershaw said their proposal included paying reparations to African-Americans due to the supposed negative effect the end of slavery had on their ancestors: "Blacks were better off in antebellum times in the South than they were anywhere else. [...] They lost a lot too when that lifestyle was destroyed."[23]

Culture

The League defines Southern culture as profoundly Christian and pro-life. The League describes Southern Culture as being inherently Anglo-Celtic in nature (originating in the British Isles), and they believe the South's core Anglo-Celtic culture should be preserved.[11][16]

According to the League, the South has had a Marxist and egalitarian society "impressed upon it".[11] The League's Core Beliefs Statement characterizes homosexuality and promiscuity as "perversity" which should be stigmatized.[11]

Politics

The League believes that what it calls "the Southern people" have the right to secede from the United States, and that they "must throw off the yoke of imperial [federal, or central government] oppression". The League promotes a Southern Confederation of sovereign, independent States. The League favors strictly limited immigration, opposes standing armies and any regulation whatsoever of firearms.[11] This proposed independent nation is described by League publications as part of a process to convince "the Southern people" have a unique identity.[24]

The League focuses on recruiting and encouraging "cultural secession".[16] In November 2006 its representatives attended the First North American Secessionist Convention of secessionists from a different parts of the country.[25] In October 2007 it co-hosted the Second North American Secessionist Convention in Chattanooga, Tennessee.[26]

In 2015, the group announced it would be holding an event celebrating the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, while honoring John Wilkes Booth as a hero.[27] On April 11, 2015, it was organized by the vice chairman of the Maryland-Virginia chapter of the League, Shane Long. The LOS's main Facebook page put it bluntly: "Join us in April to celebrate the great accomplishment of John Wilkes Booth. He knew a man who needed killing when he saw him!"[17]

The League has attempted to form paramilitary groups on more than one occasion.[28]

The League of the South is opposed to fiat currency, personal income taxation, central banking, property taxes and most state regulation of business. The League supports sales taxes and user fees.[11]

Charges of racism

In the summer of 2000, the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) labeled the League of the South a "racist hate group" and issued a report filled with allegations of racist statements, especially by the League's President Michael Hill.[29] Hill responded by dismissing the label as being politically motivated, claiming that he welcomed the designation as a "badge of honor" and expressing his belief that the designation was designed to discredit the League of the South.[30]

During the 2006 First North American Secessionist Convention, when the issue of the League of the South and racism was raised, Don Kennedy, identified as "a leader of the League of the South", stated: "How can you believe in liberty and discriminate against your neighbor? Equality before the law is something we want, and we're on the record for that."[31] News stories about the Second North American Secessionist Convention also mentioned the SPLC's allegations, as well as skeptical responses from convention attendees. Convention organizer Kirkpatrick Sale responded: "They call everybody racists. There are, no doubt, racists in the League of the South, and there are, no doubt, racists everywhere."[32]

In response to the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting Hill wrote on the League's website that "In a free & independent South, Islam would be banned, Muslims deported, and all mosques closed down. The ownership of firearms, including military grade, would be encouraged for all Southern citizens in order to protect the public from such incidents as occurred overnight in Orlando, Florida".[33]

In a 2017 decision, the Tennessee Court of Appeals ruled that a blog post describing a family as white supremacist, based on a photo showing a League of the South bumper sticker on the family car, was not defamatory because it was an opinion based on disclosed facts.[34]

Members

The League's Board of Directors is composed of Michael Hill, Mark Thomey, Mike Crane, Sam Nelson, and John Cook.[35] Among the founding members were Thomas Fleming, Thomas Woods,[36][37][38] Grady McWhiney, Clyde Wilson, and Forrest McDonald.

See also

  • Lists of active separatist movements
  • List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as hate groups
  • Nationalist Front (United States)
  • Dixiecrat
  • Separatism
  • White nationalism

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/08/09/meet-league-state-chairmen-and-organizers-league-south|date=June 29, 2018|accessdate=August 22, 2018|title=Meet the League 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010015759/https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/08/09/meet-league-state-chairmen-and-organizers-league-south|archive-date=2018-10-10|dead-url=no|df=}}
2. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/07/arts/could-old-south-be-resurrected-cherished-ideas-confederacy-not-slavery-find-new.html|title=Could the Old South Be Resurrected?; Cherished Ideas of the Confederacy (Not Slavery) Find New Backers|last=Applebome|first=Peter|date=1998-03-07|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-05-11|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625220922/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/07/arts/could-old-south-be-resurrected-cherished-ideas-confederacy-not-slavery-find-new.html|archive-date=2018-06-25|dead-url=no|df=}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://archive.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/02/21/last_of_the_confederates/|title=Boston.com / News / Boston Globe / Opinion / Op-ed / Last of the Confederates|website=archive.boston.com|language=en|access-date=2018-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115082623/http://archive.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/02/21/last_of_the_confederates/|archive-date=2017-11-15|dead-url=no|df=}}
4. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/they-call-us-rednecks-and-crackers-but-we-can-govern-ourselves-kz5rfvm9hsw|title=‘They call us rednecks and crackers but we can govern ourselves’|last=Pavia|first=Will|date=2010-12-04|work=The Times|access-date=2018-07-16|language=en|issn=0140-0460}}
5. ^{{cite book|last=Atkins|first=Steven E.|title=Encyclopedia of Right-Wing Extremism In Modern American History|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-350-7|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wf6-K_uVs8QC&pg=PA166&lpg=PA166&dq=%22League+of+the+South%22++supremacist&source=bl&ots=Pcur6eqoVT&sig=o6jLuLku8ajZMloBhxglkDRQJ6I&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MiVLUKD_Iaiw0QWe8YDoBQ&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22League%20of%20the%20South%22%20%20supremacist&f=false|page=166|access-date=2016-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424180817/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wf6-K_uVs8QC&pg=PA166&lpg=PA166&dq=%22League+of+the+South%22++supremacist&source=bl&ots=Pcur6eqoVT&sig=o6jLuLku8ajZMloBhxglkDRQJ6I&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MiVLUKD_Iaiw0QWe8YDoBQ&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22League%20of%20the%20South%22%20%20supremacist&f=false#v=onepage&q=%22League%20of%20the%20South%22%20%20supremacist&f=false|archive-date=2017-04-24|dead-url=no|df=}}
6. ^{{cite book|last=Taylor |first=Helen |editor-last1=Jones |editor-first1=Suzanne W. |editor-last2=Monteith |editor-first2=Sharon |title=South to a New Place: Region, Literature, Culture |publisher=Louisiana State University Press |date=2002 |page=341 |chapter=The South and Britain |isbn=9780807128404}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.adl.org/resources/backgrounders/league-of-the-south-los|title=League of the South (LoS)|website=Anti-Defamation League|language=en|access-date=2018-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717013005/https://www.adl.org/resources/backgrounders/league-of-the-south-los|archive-date=2018-07-17|dead-url=no|df=}}
8. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/neo-confederate-league-of-the-south-banned-from-protesting-in-charlottesville|title=Neo-Confederate League of the South Banned From Armed Protesting in Charlottesville|last=Weill|first=Kelly|date=2018-03-27|work=The Daily Beast|access-date=2018-07-16|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328132722/https://www.thedailybeast.com/neo-confederate-league-of-the-south-banned-from-protesting-in-charlottesville|archive-date=2018-03-28|dead-url=no|df=}}
9. ^{{Cite web |url=http://leagueofthesouth.com/what-is-ls/ |title=League of the South website |access-date=2017-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222105102/http://leagueofthesouth.com/what-is-ls/ |archive-date=2017-12-22 |dead-url=no |df= }}
10. ^"The US Civil War as a Theological War: Confederate Christian Nationalism and the League of the South" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051030184647/http://www.utpjournals.com/product/cras/323/sebesta.html |date=2005-10-30 }}
11. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|website=League of the South|title=League of the South Core Beliefs Statement|url=http://dixienet.org/New+Site/corebeliefs.shtml|accessdate=10 January 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615205851/http://dixienet.org/New%20Site/corebeliefs.shtml|archivedate=15 June 2008}}
12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.adl.org/education/resources/backgrounders/from-alt-right-to-alt-lite-naming-the-hate|title=From Alt Right to Alt Lite: Naming the Hate|website=Anti-Defamation League|language=en|access-date=2017-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024230932/https://www.adl.org/education/resources/backgrounders/from-alt-right-to-alt-lite-naming-the-hate|archive-date=2017-10-24|dead-url=no|df=}}
13. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/08/09/meet-league-state-chairmen-and-organizers-league-south|title=Meet the League: State Chairmen and Organizers of the League of the South|work=Southern Poverty Law Center|access-date=2017-10-25|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025075559/https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/08/09/meet-league-state-chairmen-and-organizers-league-south|archive-date=2017-10-25|dead-url=no|df=}}
14. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-files/groups/league-of-the-south |title=League of the South page at SPLC |access-date=2010-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100311094843/http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-files/groups/league-of-the-south |archive-date=2010-03-11 |dead-url=no |df= }}
15. ^http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/tennessean/obituary.aspx?n=jack-kershaw&pid=145402616&fhid=4485 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121004418/http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/tennessean/obituary.aspx?n=jack-kershaw&pid=145402616&fhid=4485 |date=2012-01-21 }} Jack Kershaw Obituary
16. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://dixienet.org/rights/faq.shtml|title=League of the South FAQ|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410180433/http://dixienet.org/rights/2013/faq_frequently_asked_questions.php|archive-date=10 April 2016}}
17. ^1 {{Cite web |url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/league-south |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905101024/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/league-south |archive-date=2015-09-05 |dead-url=no |df= }}
18. ^{{cite news|title=Buchanan's Bid Transforms the Reform Party; Candidate's Stands Draw Extreme Right Support|last=Edsall|first=Thomas B. |work=The Washington Post |date=23 July 2000|page=4|quote=Patrick J. Buchanan's presidential bid has turned the once- centrist Reform Party into a magnet attracting leaders and activists of such extreme right organizations as the National Alliance, the Liberty Lobby, the Council of Conservative Citizens and the League of the South. [...] * Alabama League of the South, a pro-secession organization, recently published an article in its newsletter declaring that "conservatives do have a place to go. The Reform Party is America First on nation-defining issues. . . . It is essential that Buchananism lives on after the 2000 election."}}
19. ^{{cite book|last1=Whitmore Jones|first1=Suzanne|last2=Monteith|first2=Sharon|title=South to a new place: region, literature, culture|publisher=LSU Pres`|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8071-2840-4|page=341|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z9EHgwrwz-AC&pg=PA341|accessdate=January 5, 2011}}
20. ^{{cite book|last=Walkowitz|first=Daniel J.|title=Memory and the impact of political transformation in public space|year=2005|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-3364-7|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=j36rRnvHXbgC&pg=PA39&dq=%22league+of+the+south%22+%22white+supremacist%22&hl=en&ei=vUvtTPOHHsOFhQeT4tjMDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=%22league%20of%20the%20south%22%20%22white%20supremacist%22&f=false|author2=Lisa Maya Knauer|page=39|access-date=2016-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910173938/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=j36rRnvHXbgC&pg=PA39&dq=%22league+of+the+south%22+%22white+supremacist%22&hl=en&ei=vUvtTPOHHsOFhQeT4tjMDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=%22league%20of%20the%20south%22%20%22white%20supremacist%22&f=false#v=onepage&q=%22league%20of%20the%20south%22%20%22white%20supremacist%22&f=false|archive-date=2017-09-10|dead-url=no|df=}}
21. ^{{cite book|last=Atkins|first=Stephen E.|title=Encyclopedia of modern American extremists and extremist groups|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-313-31502-2|page=183}}
22. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/white-nationalist-group-linked-violent-street-brawls-descends-florida-792854|title=White nationalist group linked to violent street brawls descends on Florida|date=2018-01-27|work=Newsweek|access-date=2018-04-20|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420070033/http://www.newsweek.com/white-nationalist-group-linked-violent-street-brawls-descends-florida-792854|archive-date=2018-04-20|dead-url=no|df=}}
23. ^{{Cite news|url=|title=Group seeks reparations for Civil War 'atrocities'|last=Ahmed|first=Saeed|date=2001-04-13|work=The Atlanta Constitution|access-date=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}
24. ^The Grand Strategy {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926233747/http://www.leagueofthesouth.net/static/homepage/intro_articles/ls-grand-strategy.html |date=2007-09-26 }}
25. ^Gary Shapiro, "Modern-Day Secessionists Will Hold a Conference on Leaving the Union," The New York Sun, September 27, 2006, 6; Paul Nussbaum, "Coming together to ponder pulling apart, Latter-day secessionists of all stripes convene in Vermont, The Philadelphia Inquirer, November 6, 2006.
26. ^Bill Poovey,Secessionists Meeting in Tennessee, Associated Press, reprinted in The Guardian, October 3, 2007; Leonard Doyle, Anger over Iraq and Bush prompts calls for secession from the US {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117122523/http://news.independent.co.uk/world/americas/article3028714.ece |date=2008-01-17 }}, Independent, UK, October 4, 2007; WDEF News 12 Video report on Secessionist Convention {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011225938/http://wdef.com/news/secessionists_say_second_north_american_secessionists_convention/10/2007 |date=2007-10-11 }}, October 3, 2007. The Third North American Secessionist Convention will be held in Manchester, New Hampshire, on November 14–16, 2008.
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.patheos.com/blogs/warrenthrockmorton/2015/02/22/league-of-the-south-plans-april-celebration-of-lincolns-assassination-in-maryland/|title=League of the South Plans April Celebration of Lincoln's Assassination|first=Warren|last=Throckmorton|access-date=2015-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225075823/http://www.patheos.com/blogs/warrenthrockmorton/2015/02/22/league-of-the-south-plans-april-celebration-of-lincolns-assassination-in-maryland/|archive-date=2015-02-25|dead-url=no|df=}}
28. ^{{cite web|title=League of the South Announces Formation of 'Southern Defense Force'|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/02/06/league-south-announces-formation-%E2%80%98southern-defense-force%E2%80%99|website=Southern Poverty Law Center|accessdate=11 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515003226/https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2017/02/06/league-south-announces-formation-%E2%80%98southern-defense-force%E2%80%99|archive-date=2017-05-15|dead-url=no|df=}}
29. ^SPLC article on League of South {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100311094843/http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-files/groups/league-of-the-south |date=2010-03-11 }}; also see SPLC article on Michael Hill {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927194940/http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?pid=845#4#4 |date=2007-09-27 }}.
30. ^John DeSantis, Civil War revisionism all cited by watchdog group {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215070426/http://www.culteducation.com/reference/league/league1.html |date=2013-12-15 }}, from The Sun Herald, September 7, 2000, reproduced at Ross Institute.
31. ^{{cite news |last=Nussbaum |first=Paul |date=6 November 2006 |title=Coming Together to Ponder Pulling Apart |work=The Philadelphia Inquirer }}
32. ^Bill Poovey, Associated Press, October 3, 2007; Leonard Doyle, Independent, UK, October 4, 2007.
33. ^{{cite web|last1=Lenz|first1=Ryan|title=U.S. Racists Respond to Mass Shooting at LGBT Nightclub In Orlando|url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/06/12/us-racists-respond-mass-shooting-lgbt-nightclub-orlando|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center|accessdate=8 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819192751/https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/06/12/us-racists-respond-mass-shooting-lgbt-nightclub-orlando|archive-date=2016-08-19|dead-url=no|df=}}
34. ^https://www.scribd.com/document/362729251/Weidlich-v-Rung Weidlich v. Rung, 2017 WL 4862068 (Tenn. App. Oct. 26, 2017)
35. ^The League's website{{Dead link|date=December 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
36. ^{{cite web|author1=Applebome, Peter|title=Could the Old South Be Resurrected?; Cherished Ideas of the Confederacy (Not Slavery) Find New Backers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/07/arts/could-old-south-be-resurrected-cherished-ideas-confederacy-not-slavery-find-new.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|website=nytimes.com|publisher=The New York Times|accessdate=28 September 2016|date=7 March 1998|quote=...Mr. Woods, one of the founding members of the League of the South.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813150600/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/07/arts/could-old-south-be-resurrected-cherished-ideas-confederacy-not-slavery-find-new.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|archive-date=2017-08-13|dead-url=no|df=}}
37. ^{{Cite web|url=http://archive.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/02/21/last_of_the_confederates/|title=Last of the Confederates|last=Young|first=Cathy|date=February 21, 2005|website=The Boston Globe|publisher=|access-date=2016-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010112948/http://archive.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/02/21/last_of_the_confederates/|archive-date=2016-10-10|dead-url=no|df=}}
38. ^{{Cite web|url=http://reason.com/archives/2005/06/01/behind-the-jeffersonian-veneer|title=Behind the Jeffersonian Veneer|last=Young|first=Cathy|date=2005-06-01|website=Reason|publisher=|access-date=2016-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115042605/http://reason.com/archives/2005/06/01/behind-the-jeffersonian-veneer/|archive-date=2016-11-15|dead-url=no|df=}}

External links

  • current League of the South website
  • old website "containing educational resources and other selected features.
  • Confederate Reconstructionist Movements
{{Alt-right}}{{DEFAULTSORT:League Of The South}}

10 : 1994 establishments in Alabama|Secessionist organizations in the United States|Politics of the Southern United States|Far-right politics in the United States|White nationalism in the United States|Nationalist organizations|Alt-right|Organizations established in 1994|Neo-Nazi organizations in the United States|Patriot movement
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